ZBTB18 regulates cytokine expression and affects microglia/macrophage recruitment and commitment in glioblastoma.

Glioma associated macrophages/microglia (GAMs) play an important role in glioblastoma (GBM) progression, due to their massive recruitment to the tumor site and polarization to a tumor promoting phenotype. GAMs secrete a variety of cytokines, which facilitate tumor cell growth and invasion, and prevent other immune cells from mounting an immune response against the tumor. Here, we demonstrate that zinc finger and BTB containing domain 18 (ZBTB18), a transcriptional repressor with tumor suppressive function in glioblastoma, impairs the production of key cytokines, which function as chemoattractant for GAMs.

Combined healthy lifestyle factors and psychosocial outcomes among cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to summarize the associations between combined healthy lifestyles and psychosocial outcomes (health-related quality of life (HRQOL), depression, anxiety, psychological distress (PD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) among cancer survivors.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for observational and interventional studies examining healthy lifestyle scores (HLS, calculated by a combination of at least three lifestyles) and psychosocial outcomes among cancer survivors from inception to April 2024. A minimum of two studies with the same study design were pooled using random effects models.

Tsa1 is the dominant peroxide scavenger and a source of HO-dependent GSSG production in yeast.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an important biological molecule, functioning both as a second messenger in cell signaling and, especially at higher concentrations, as a cause of cell damage. Cells harbor multiple enzymes that have peroxide reducing activity in vitro. However, the contribution of each of these enzymes towards peroxide scavenging in vivo is less clear.

Targeting the immune privilege of tumor-initiating cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) possess the ability to evade anti-tumor immunity, potentially explaining many failures of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we identify CD49f as a prominent marker for discerning TICs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), outperforming other commonly used TIC markers. CD49f-high TICs specifically recruit tumor-promoting neutrophils via the CXCL2-CXCR2 axis and create an immunosuppressive milieu in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

2-[18F]F-p-aminobenzoic acid specifically detects infective endocarditis in positron emission tomography.

Background: To the present day infective endocarditis (IE) represents a life-threatening disease with high mortality rate especially when caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the most common causative pathogen in this disease. Diagnosis of IE is based on clinical manifestations, pathogen detection by blood cultures and echocardiographic or other imaging findings.

CAF Specific Expression of Podoplanin May Be Dispensable for the Malignancy of Malignant Melanoma.

Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were shown to be an active and pivotal cell population, supporting many protumorigenic mechanisms. Podoplanin (PDPN)-positive CAFs are of special interest since their abundance correlated with a worse prognosis for patients of different cancer entities, including malignant melanoma. In this study, we applied a loss-of-function approach in an in vivo mouse melanoma model to evaluate the contribution of CAF-specific PDPN expression to melanoma formation and progression.

Sex- and site-specific associations of circulating lipocalin 2 and incident colorectal cancer: Results from the EPIC cohort.

Experimental research has uncovered lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as a novel biomarker implicated in the modulation of intestinal inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and colon carcinogenesis. However, evidence from human research has been scant. We, therefore, explored the association of pre-diagnostic circulating LCN2 concentrations with incident colorectal cancer (CRC) in a nested case-control study within the in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Enhancing the diagnostic capacity of [F]PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in primary prostate cancer staging with artificial intelligence and semi-quantitative DCE: an exploratory study.

Background: To investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI)-based and semi-quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), performed within [F]-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI, in differentiating benign from malignant prostate tissues in patients with primary prostate cancer (PC).

Results: A total of seven patients underwent whole-body [F]-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI examinations including a pelvic mpMRI protocol with T2w, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and DCE image series. Conventional analysis included visual reading of PET/MRI images and Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) scoring of the prostate.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) With Smooth Muscle Differentiation of the Uterus-A Case Report With Emphasis on Diagnostic Pitfalls and Value of DNA Methylation Analysis.

With no more than two dozen cases reported in the literature, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare primary mesenchymal neoplasm arising in the female genital tract. Most cases occurred in middle-aged adults with high grade histology, unfavorable clinical outcome, and no history of neurofibromatosis type 1. Its extreme rarity in this site no doubt poses a diagnostic challenge during routine clinical practice.

Comparing Patient's Confidence in Clinical Capabilities in Urology: Large Language Models Versus Urologists.

Background And Objective: Data on interaction of patients with artificial intelligence (AI) are limited, primarily derived from small-scale studies, cross-sectional surveys, and qualitative reviews. Most patients have not yet encountered AI in their clinical experience. This study explored patients' confidence in AI, specifically large language models, after a direct interaction with a chatbot in a clinical setting.

Coordinated inheritance of extrachromosomal DNAs in cancer cells.

The chromosomal theory of inheritance dictates that genes on the same chromosome segregate together while genes on different chromosomes assort independently. Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are common in cancer and drive oncogene amplification, dysregulated gene expression and intratumoural heterogeneity through random segregation during cell division. Distinct ecDNA sequences, termed ecDNA species, can co-exist to facilitate intermolecular cooperation in cancer cells.

A PSA SNP associates with cellular function and clinical outcome in men with prostate cancer.

Genetic variation at the 19q13.3 KLK locus is linked with prostate cancer susceptibility in men. The non-synonymous KLK3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17632542 (c.

Oxygen consumption measurements at ultra-high dose rate over a wide LET range.

Background: The role of radiolytic oxygen consumption for the in-vitro "Ultra-High Dose Rate" (UHDR) sparing and in-vivo FLASH effect is subject to active debate, but data on key dependencies such as the radiation quality are lacking.

Purpose: The influence of "dose-averaged Linear Energy Transfer" (LETd) and dose rate on radiolytic oxygen consumption was investigated by monitoring the oxygen concentration during irradiation with electrons, protons, helium, carbon, and oxygen ions at UHDR and "Standard Dose Rates" (SDR).

Methods: Sealed "Bovine Serum Albumin" (BSA) 5% samples were exposed to 15 Gy of electrons and protons, and for the first time helium, carbon, and oxygen ions with LETd values of 1, 5.

Conjugation of Polycationic Peptides Extends the Efficacy Spectrum of β-Lactam Antibiotics.

Antibiotic-resistant enterococci represent a significant global health challenge. Unfortunately, most β-lactam antibiotics are not applicable for enterococcal infections due to intrinsic resistance. To extend their antimicrobial spectrum, polycationic peptides are conjugated to examples from each of the four classes of β-lactam antibiotics.

Flow cytometry identifies changes in peripheral and intrathecal lymphocyte patterns in CNS autoimmune disorders and primary CNS malignancies.

Background: Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by an excessive immune response, and primary CNS tumors (pCNS-tumors) showing a highly immunosuppressive parenchymal microenvironment.

Methods: Aiming to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity and cerebral tumor immunity, we analyzed the peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 81 autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE), 148 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 33 IDH-wildtype glioma, 9 primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the CNS (CNS-DLBCL), and 110 controls by flow cytometry (FC). Additionally, an in-depth immunophenotyping of the PB from an independent cohort of 20 RRMS and 18 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients compared to 19 controls was performed by FC combined with unsupervised computational approaches.

FOXR2 Targets LHX6+/DLX+ Neural Lineages to Drive Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma.

Central nervous system neuroblastoma with forkhead box R2 (FOXR2) activation (NB-FOXR2) is a high-grade tumor of the brain hemispheres and a newly identified molecular entity. Tumors express dual neuronal and glial markers, leading to frequent misdiagnoses, and limited information exists on the role of FOXR2 in their genesis. To identify their cellular origins, we profiled the transcriptomes of NB-FOXR2 tumors at the bulk and single-cell levels and integrated these profiles with large single-cell references of the normal brain.

Enzymes Repertoires and Genomic Insights into Lycium Barbarum Pectin Polysaccharides Biosynthesis.

Lycium barbarum, a member of the Solanaceae family, represents an important eudicot lineage with homology of food and medicine. Lycium barbarum pectin polysaccharides (LBPPs) are key bioactive ingredients of Lycium barbarum, and are among the few polysaccharides with both biocompatibility and biomedical activity. While previous studies have primarily focused on the functional properties of LBPPs, the mechanisms of biosynthesis and transport by key enzymes remain poorly understood.

Review of preclinical data on hyperthermia treatment in lymphomas and its potential for clinical application.

Introduction: Hyperthermia (HT) at temperatures between 39 °C and 44 °C is utilized as an adjunctive cancer therapy, serving as potent radio- and chemosensitizer. Its effectiveness in treating solid malignancies has been well established. This raises the question of whether HT can also benefit patients with nonsolid tumors, such as lymphomas.