Tin prefiltration in computed tomography does not significantly alter radiation-induced gene expression and DNA double-strand break formation.

Background: The tin (Sn) prefilter technique is a recently introduced dose-saving technique in computed tomography (CT). This study investigates whether there is an altered molecular biological response in blood cells using the tin prefiltering technique.

Methods: Blood from 6 donors was X-irradiated ex-vivo with 20 mGy full dose (FD) protocols (Sn 150 kV, 150 kV, and 120 kV) and a tin prefiltered 16.

Influence of cervical total disc replacement on motion in the target and adjacent segments.

Background Context: The motion limitation after cervical discectomy and fusion alters the spine´s kinematics. Unphysiological strains may be the result and possible explanation for adjacent segment degeneration. Alterations to cervical kinematics due to cervical total disc replacement (TDR), especially two-level, are still under investigated.

Personalized [177Lu]Lutetium-PSMA Therapy for Patients with Pre-Treated Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Single Institution Experience from a Comprehensive Cancer Centre.

Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by an aggressive biological behavior with a relatively short survival time, especially in progressive tumors pretreated with new hormonal agents and taxane chemotherapy. [177Lu]-Lutetium-PSMA (Lu-PSMA) treatment has proven efficacy in these patients. However, around 30% of the CRPC patients do not benefit from Lu-PSMA treatment, and little is known about predictive factors for treatment success if Lu-PSMA is offered in an individualized approach based on clinical and laboratory features.

Early total care or damage control orthopaedics for major fractures ? Results of propensity score matching for early definitive versus early temporary fixation based on data from the trauma registry of the German Trauma Society (TraumaRegister DGU).

Purpose: Damage control orthopaedics (DCO) und early total care (ETC) are well-established strategies for managing severely injured patients. There is no definitive evidence of the superiority of DCO over ETC in polytrauma patients. We conducted this study to assess the probability of a polytraumatised patient undergoing DCO.

Unblinding the watchmaker: cancer treatment and drug design in the face of evolutionary pressure.

Introduction: Death due to cancer is mostly associated with therapy ineffectiveness, i.e. tumor cells no longer responding to treatment.

Diagnostic Performance of Kwak, EU, ACR, and Korean TIRADS as Well as ATA Guidelines for the Ultrasound Risk Stratification of Non-Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules in a Region with Long History of Iodine Deficiency: A German Multicenter Trial.

Germany has a long history of insufficient iodine supply and thyroid nodules occur in over 30% of the adult population, the vast majority of which are benign. Non-invasive diagnostics remain challenging, and ultrasound-based risk stratification systems are essential for selecting lesions requiring further clarification. However, no recommendation can yet be made about which system performs the best for iodine deficiency areas.

What Animal Cancers teach us about Human Biology.

Cancers in animals present a large, underutilized reservoir of biomedical information with critical implication for human oncology and medicine in general. Discussing two distinct areas of tumour biology in non-human hosts, we highlight the importance of these findings for our current understanding of cancer, before proposing a coordinated strategy to harvest biomedical information from non-human resources and translate it into a clinical setting. First, infectious cancers that can be transmitted as allografts between individual hosts, have been identified in four distinct, unrelated groups, dogs, Tasmanian devils, Syrian hamsters and, surprisingly, marine bivalves.

The addition of chloroquine and bevacizumab to standard radiochemotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

Introduction: Hypoxia-induced autophagy leads to an increase in vasculogenic-mimicry (VM) and the development of resistance of glioblastoma-cells to bevacizumab (BEV). Chloroquine (HCQ) inhibits autophagy, reduces VM and can thus produce a synergistic effect in anti-angiogenic-therapy by delaying the development of resistance to BEV.

Purpose: We retrospectively compared the combined addition of HCQ+BEV and adjuvant-radiochemotherapy (aRCT) to aRCT alone for recurrent-glioblastoma (rGBM) in regards of overall survival (OS).

Clinical Presentation and Incidence of Anaerobic Bacteria in Surgically Treated Biliary Tract Infections and Cholecystitis.

(1) Background: Cholecystitis and cholangitis are among the most common diseases treated by general surgery. Gallstones lead to inflammation and bacterial infection of the biliary tract. Biliary infections can lead to live threatening bacteremia and liver abscesses.

Low-Dose CT in Pelvic Imaging: Comparing Dose and Image Quality in Relation to Clinical Value in a Phantom Study.

The aim of this phantom study was to determine whether low-dose CT of the pelvis can be performed using a dose similar to that used in a standard radio-graphic examination and to ascertain whether CT, with its better delineation of complex structures, has greater clinical value than radiography and therefore will result in improved patient care. Special consideration was given to CT performed using the tin filtration technique. For dose comparison, an anthropomorphic phantom with 20 thermoluminescent dosimeters, two different CT scanners, and three conventional radiography devices were used.

Factors influencing the fascial closure rate after open abdomen treatment: Results from the European Hernia Society (EuraHS) Registry : Surgical technique matters.

Purpose: Definitive fascial closure is an essential treatment objective after open abdomen treatment and mitigates morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of evidence on factors that promote or prevent definitive fascial closure.

Methods: A multi-center multivariable analysis of data from the Open Abdomen Route of the European Hernia Society included all cases between 1 May 2015 and 31 December 2019.

Dose Reduction in Dental CT: A Phantom Study With Special Focus on Tin Filter Technique.

The purpose of this study was to determine in a phantom the dose exposure of different dental 3D sectional imaging methods (CT and cone-beam CT [CBCT]) and different CT protocols. The aim was to establish optimal protocols with the lowest possible dose and diagnostically high image quality with special consideration given to tin prefiltration. Dose was determined with thermoluminescence detectors at 20 different measuring points on an anthropomorphic phantom.

Correction to: Nucleus replacement could get a new chance with annulus closure.

Unfortunately, Fig. 7 and last paragraph of the result section have been incorrectly published. The complete corrected Fig.

Nucleus replacement could get a new chance with annulus closure.

Purpose: Disc herniations are usually treated by decompression of the spinal nerves via a partial nucleotomy. As a consequence of reduced disc height (DH), reduced intradiscal pressure (IDP) and increased range of motion (ROM), accelerated degeneration may occur. Nucleus replacement implants are intended to restore those values, but are associated with the risk of extrusion.

Compare and contrast: pediatric cancer versus adult malignancies.

Cancer is a leading cause of death in both adults and children, but in terms of absolute numbers, pediatric cancer is a relatively rare disease. The rarity of pediatric cancer is consistent with our current understanding of how adult malignancies form, emphasizing the view of cancer as a genetic disease caused by the accumulation and selection of unrepaired mutations over time. However, considering those children who develop cancer merely as stochastically "unlucky" does not fully explain the underlying aetiology, which is distinct from that observed in adults.

Multifocal and hormone-dependent epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with osteolysis of the second cervical vertebral body: report of an unprecedented surgical approach by using autologous bone graft.

We report the case of a 28-year-old female patient who complained of extreme neck pain when giving birth to a child. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine demonstrated an osteolytic lesion at the second cervical vertebral body (C2). In this presentation, we highlight a transoral surgical approach in order to prevent instability of this osteolytic lesion.

Maxillofacial injuries in severely injured patients after road traffic accidents-a retrospective evaluation of the TraumaRegister DGU® 1993-2014.

Objectives: It was the aim of the study to analyse the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma (MFT) in severely injured patients after road traffic accidence (RTA) and to investigate associated factors.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective study, data from patients after RTA by the TraumaRegister DGU® from 1993 to 2014 were evaluated for demographical and injury characteristics. The predictor variable was mechanism of injury and the outcome variables were type of injury, severity and hospital resources utilization.

Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis Classification: A Multicenter Assessment of the Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliabilities and Percentage of Agreement.

Background: The fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) classification was established to address the specific fracture morphology and dynamic instability in the elderly. Although this system is frequently used, data on the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities are lacking.

Methods: Six experienced and 6 inexperienced surgeons and 1 surgeon trained by the originator of the FFP classification ("gold standard") each used the FFP classification 3 times to grade the computed tomography (CT) scans of 60 patients from 6 hospitals.

In-vitro study of species-specific coagulation differences in animals and humans using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).

Animal tests are conducted in all fields of trauma research, but transferability of these data to humans is limited. For example, it is still unclear which animal species is most similar to humans in terms of physiology of blood coagulation. To improve transferability and raise awareness of the existing differences, we compared human coagulation to coagulation of different animals.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the presence of projectiles and projectile fragments: Artefacts, image quality, rotation and movement.

Background And Purpose: Gunshot injuries have been considered a contraindication for MRI because of the risk of secondary dislodgement of retained metallic foreign bodies. The objective of our study was to provide a systematic overview of the behaviour of projectiles and fragments in order to aid decision-making regarding the use of MRI in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: Ferromagnetic (n = 2) and non-ferromagnetic (n = 5) projectiles and fragments that were lodged in soft tissue (porcine masseter muscles) were examined using standard protocols at 1, 1.