Effective Bone Tissue Fabrication Using 3D-Printed Citrate-Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds Laden with BMP9-Stimulated Human Urine Stem Cells.

Effective repair of large bone defects through bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains an unmet clinical challenge. Successful BTE requires optimal and synergistic interactions among biocompatible scaffolds, osteogenic factors, and osteoprogenitors to form a highly vascularized microenvironment for bone regeneration and osseointegration. We sought to develop a highly effective BTE system by using 3D printed citrate-based mPOC/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites laden with BMP9-stimulated human urine stem cells (USCs).

High-throughput near-infrared spectroscopy for detection of major components and quality grading of peas.

Pea ( L.) is a nutrient-dense legume whose nutritional indicators influence its functional qualities. Traditional methods to identify these components and examine the relationships between their contents could be more laborious, hindering the quality assessment of the varieties of peas.

The impact of surgery with general anesthesia on cognitive function and putamen volume: a cross-sectional study among older adults.

Background: Previous studies have shown that surgery under general anesthesia may diminish cognitive function; however, the proposed mechanisms need further elucidation. The purpose of the current study was twofold: (1) to compare overall and domain-specific differences in cognitive function between the surgery under general anesthesia group and the control group, and (2) to investigate the possible mechanisms of surgery under general anesthesia affecting cognitive function, using T1-structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: A total of 194 older adults were included in this study.

Spotlight on the 2024 ESC/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) have recently released the 2024 guidelines for the management of AF. This review highlights 10 novel aspects of the ESC/EACTS 2024 Guidelines.

Sense of coherence, subjective burden, and anxiety and depression symptoms in caregivers of people with dementia: Causal dynamics unveiled by a longitudinal cohort study in Europe.

Background: Sense of coherence (SOC) is a disposition to perceive things as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. Lower SOC is associated with subjective burden and psychological morbidity in family caregivers, including in dementia. However, the evidence-base mainly comprises small-scale or cross-sectional studies.

Current challenges in dental education- a scoping review.

Introduction: This scoping review aimed to review the various challenges facing dental education. Dental education faces multiple institutional, student and faculty-based challenges. Institutional challenges include updating infrastructure resources, recruiting qualified faculty, and implementing administrative policies that enhance dental education.

Prevalence of self-neglect and related factors among older adults living in Western Turkey: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Self-neglect is a serious public health problem affecting older people. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of self-neglect and related factors in the elderly, which has become more important with the increase in the elderly population.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included individuals aged 65 years and over.

Age-friendly mental health systems: A step toward geriatric competency.

The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System framework (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) have been effectively implemented in thousands of health systems worldwide to improve the care of older adults. As Americans are living longer lives, the need for age-friendly care will continue to grow. While the 4Ms framework has been highly effective at improving care for older adults, many mental health professionals struggle to see their role in all elements of the framework.

Use of Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Treatment and Prevention of Cognitive Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review.

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treating depression, schizophrenia, and mania, cognitive adverse effects may limit use. One possible mechanism for these effects includes cholinergic transmission alterations, supporting potential use of cholinesterase inhibitors for prevention and treatment of these cognitive deficits. The objective of this review is to determine efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors clinically used for dementia in reducing ECT cognitive adverse effects.

Handgrip Strength has Declined Among Adults, Particularly Males, from Shanghai Since 2000.

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) is an excellent marker of general strength capacity and health among adults. We aimed to calculate temporal trends in HGS for adults from Shanghai between 2000 and 2020.

Methods: Adults aged 20-59 years from Shanghai, China, were included.

Development and Assessment of a Basic Palliative Care Training Course in Uganda.

Palliative care (PC) is essential for improving the quality of life for individuals with serious illnesses, yet access to PC services remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the impact of a one-day PC training initiative for health care professionals in Uganda. Participants' pre- and post-course self-assessments, qualitative feedback, and satisfaction surveys were analyzed.

Durlobactam in combination with β-lactams to combat .

() presents significant clinical challenges. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of a β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combination against and explored the underlying mechanisms. Synergy was assessed through MIC tests and time-kill studies, and binding affinities of nine β-lactams and BLIs to eight target receptors (L,D-transpeptidases [LDT] 1-5, D,D-carboxypeptidase, penicillin-binding protein [PBP] B, and PBP-lipo) were assessed using mass spectrometry and kinetic studies.

Identification of circulating risk biomarkers for cognitive decline in a large community-based population in Chongqing China.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between blood-based pathologies and established risk factors for cognitive decline in the community-based population of Chongqing, a region with significant aging.

Methods: A total of 26,554 residents aged 50 years and older were recruited. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk factors of cognition levels.

Neuropathological correlates of vulnerability and resilience in the cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We investigated whether the cerebellum develops neuropathology that correlates with well-accepted Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological markers and cognitive status.

Methods: We studied cerebellar cytoarchitecture in a cohort (N = 30) of brain donors. In a larger cohort (N = 605), we queried whether the weight of the contents of the posterior fossa (PF), which contains primarily cerebellum, correlated with dementia status.

Complete Versus Incomplete Revascularization in Elderly Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is established as the standard after an acute episode of CAD. This review assessed the use of complete revascularization (CR) or incomplete revascularization (IR) in older adults, who present a higher cardiovascular risk. The aim is to define the effectiveness of both procedures in this population, focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause mortality (ACM).

A Retrospective Audit of Osteoporosis Management Following Fragility Fractures in a Hospital Setting.

Background Fragility fractures, often caused by osteoporosis, are a major public health concern among the growing population of the United Kingdom (UK). In addition to being a major source of illness and mortality, the rising incidence of osteoporosis places a heavy strain on healthcare systems if it is not adequately managed. In order to lower the risk of additional fractures, current guidelines place a strong emphasis on the timely evaluation and treatment of fragility fractures.

Assessment of Racial Bias within the Risk Analysis Index of Frailty.

Objective: Our objective was to assess potential racial bias within the Risk Analysis Index (RAI).

Background: Patient risk measures are rarely tested for racial bias. Measures of frailty, like the RAI, need to be evaluated for poor predictive performance among Black patients.

TMEM106B C-terminal fragments aggregate and drive neurodegenerative proteinopathy in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.

Introduction: Genetic variation in the lysosomal and transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) modifies risk for several neurodegenerative disorders, especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The C-terminal (CT) domain of TMEM106B occurs as fibrillar protein deposits in the brains of dementia patients.

Methods: To determine the TMEM CT aggregation propensity and neurodegenerative potential, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing the human TMEM CT fragment aggregating in FTLD cases.

Performance of study partner reports in a non-demented at-risk sample.

Introduction: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale is a gold standard for staging impairment in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADRD). The Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) offers similar results in 3 to 5 minutes without a trained clinician. This study aimed to (1) investigate concordance between comparably derived QDRS and CDR global scores, (2) examine item-level QDRS/CDR agreement, and (3) compare sample characteristics and cognitive performance across QDRS/CDR global concordant/discordant groups.

Sex and APOE ε4 allele differences in longitudinal white matter microstructure in multiple cohorts of aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The effects of sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors-on white matter microstructure are not well characterized.

Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from nine well-established longitudinal cohorts of aging were free water (FW)-corrected and harmonized. This dataset included 4741 participants (age = 73.

Movement pattern biofeedback training after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Habitual movement compensations, such as decreased surgical peak knee extension moments (pKEM), persist years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), are linked to poorer recovery, and may influence contralateral osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to determine if a movement training program (MOVE) improves movement quality and recovery after TKA compared to a standardized rehabilitation program without movement training (CONTROL).

Methods: One hundred thirty-eight individuals were randomized to either MOVE or CONTROL groups after TKA.

GLP1Ra-based therapies and DXA-acquired musculoskeletal health outcomes: a focused meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1Ra)-based therapies on change in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-acquired lean mass (LM) or bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched from database inception through January 29, 2024, for randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting on change in DXA-acquired LM or BMD measures associated with 12+ weeks of GLP1Ra-based treatment. Of 2618 articles, 9 trials met prespecified search criteria, with 7 reporting on change in total body LM and 2 reporting on change in BMD.

Nanomedicines harnessing cGAS-STING pathway: sparking immune revitalization to transform 'cold' tumors into 'hot' tumors.

cGAS-STING pathway stands at the forefront of innate immunity and plays a critical role in regulating adaptive immune responses, making it as a key orchestrator of anti-tumor immunity. Despite the great potential, clinical outcomes with cGAS-STING activators have been disappointing due to their unfavorable in vivo fate, signaling an urgent need for innovative solutions to bridge the gap in clinical translation. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have propelled cGAS-STING-targeting nanomedicines to the cutting-edge of cancer therapy, leveraging precise drug delivery systems and multifunctional platforms to achieve remarkable region-specific biodistribution and potent therapeutic efficacy.

Internal Medicine Student Chief Elective.

Background: With increasing patient care responsibilities, administrative work and education demands, physicians may find it challenging to provide high-quality and engaging clinical education to third-year medical students on clerkships. Fourth-year students in the role of near-peer teachers can help fill this role, but they often also have competing responsibilities.

Approach: A 4-week Internal Medicine Student Chief (Student Chief) elective was created, designed such that fourth-year students would apply for dedicated time to serve as student leaders, coaches and educators for the third-year students on the Internal Medicine clerkship.