Development of a single port dual arm robotically steerable endoscope for neurosurgical applications.

Single-port surgical robots have gained popularity due to less patient trauma and quicker post-surgery recovery. However, due to limited access provided by a single incision, the miniaturization and maneuverability of these robots still needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose the design of a single-port, dual-arm robotically steerable endoscope containing one steerable major cannula and two steerable minor cannulas.

Surgical Management of a Traumatic Mainstem Bronchus Avulsion.

Traumatic tracheobronchial tree injuries are rarely survivable. We present the case of a 31-year-old male patient who had a delayed discovery of a complete right mainstem bronchus avulsion following a motor vehicle collision. Despite initial respiratory stability, the patient rapidly deteriorated on hospital day 4.

Association Between Intra- and Postoperative Opioids in Opioid-Naïve Patients in Thoracic Surgery.

Background: As the opioid epidemic continues, a better understanding of the use of opioids in surgery is needed. We examined whether intraoperative opioid administration was associated with greater postoperative opioid use prior to discharge in opioid-naïve patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Further, we sought to determine predictors of higher intra- and postoperative opioid use including demographic and patient factors and hospital.

Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition prevents hypercholesterolemia-induced erectile dysfunction independent of changes in markers of autophagy.

Background: Erectile dysfunction is a condition with a rapidly increasing prevalence globally with a strong correlation to the increase in obesity and cardiovascular disease rates.

Aim: The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential role of tubacin, a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor, in restoring erectile function in a hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction model.

Methods: Thirty-nine male C57Bl/6 J mice were divided into 3 groups.

Double Transposition and Physician-Modified Endografting for Complex Arch Aneurysm.

Hybrid repair of complex aortic arch disease typically requires aortic debranching to create a proximal landing zone for completion arch endografting. Despite advances in endograft technology, physician-modified endografting may be required to customize a prosthesis for challenging anatomy. We present a case of a complex distal arch aneurysm after a prior coarctation repair with a pediatric interposition graft several decades earlier, treated with hybrid repair by double transposition for arch debranching and physician-modified arch endografting for complete aneurysm exclusion.

State of Lung Cancer in Egypt: Moving Towards Improved Guidelines for Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Clinical Care Programs.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and presents significant challenges in Egypt. In 2023, the first annual meeting of the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Faculty, organized by the Egyptian Cancer Research Network and the Egyptian Society of Respiratory Neoplasms, was held in Cairo, Egypt. The meeting aimed to address gaps in lung cancer management across Egypt and the broader Middle East and North Africa region.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mental Health Crisis Line Callers Who Were Transferred to 911.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of callers to a statewide mental health crisis line who were transferred to 911 (active rescue).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined mental health crisis line calls transferred to active rescue (N=3,538 calls; N=3,132 unique callers) from the Georgia Crisis and Access Line (2016-2018). Chi-square analyses and t tests were used to examine descriptive differences between caller characteristics and call features.

Costs of Influenza Illness and Acute Respiratory Infections by Household Income Level: Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Implications for Health Equity.

Background: Seasonal influenza illness and acute respiratory infections can impose a substantial economic burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We assessed the cost of influenza illness and acute respiratory infections across household income strata.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prior systematic review of costs of influenza and other respiratory illnesses in LMICs and contacted authors to obtain data on cost of illness (COI) for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness and acute respiratory infection.

Health conditions seen frequently in hospitalized United States Veterans who served after 9/11/2001: A scoping review.

Background: Hospitalists working outside the Veterans Affairs (VA) system frequently will serve Veterans receiving care for acute conditions and/or awaiting transfer to VA facilities.

Objective: To perform a scoping review of health conditions and associated outcomes relevant to hospital medicine in US Veterans who served in active duty or reserve deployed roles after November 9, 2001.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed using a combination of terms related to military service period and health conditions, yielding 5634 citations published after January 1, 2013.

SMAC-armed oncolytic virotherapy enhances the anticancer activity of PD1 blockade by modulating PANoptosis.

Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are increasingly recognized as promising tools for cancer therapy, as they selectively infect and destroy tumor cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. Despite considerable progress, the limited therapeutic efficacy of OV-based virotherapy continues to be a significant challenge in cancer treatment.

Methods: The SMAC/DIABLO gene was inserted into the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to generate VSV-S.

Concerns Regarding the Use of Kirchhoff's Laws in Pharmacokinetics.

Over the last two years the idea that the principles presented in Kirchhoff's circuit and voltage laws also pertain to pharmacokinetics (1-3). It is claimed that these principles make the elimination in the liver and kidney more straight forward to model and provide a rationale for understanding why sometimes during bioavailability studies one arrives at bioavailability values greater than 100%. In this paper it will be shown that these claims are based on incorrect translations of the Kirchhoff's Laws to pharmacokinetics.

Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.

Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chemoradiation (CRT) is approved in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) but optimal sequencing of CRT and ICB is unknown. NRG-GY017 (NCT03738228) was a randomized phase I trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) neoadjuvant and concurrent with CRT (Arm A) vs. concurrent with CRT (Arm B) in patients with high-risk node-positive LACC.

Performance evaluation of a machine learning-based methodology using dynamical features to detect nonwear intervals in actigraphy data in a free-living setting.

Goal And Aims: One challenge using wearable sensors is nonwear time. Without a nonwear (e.g.

Exploring the open (host) range.

The report from Grenz et al. in the latest issue of Cell Host & Microbe demonstrates how incorporation of phenotypic, genetic, genomic, and evolutionary information into experimental design provides a more complete picture than focusing on single host-pathogen relationships.

Anterior pituitary gland volume mediates associations between adrenarche and changes in transdiagnostic symptoms in youth.

The pituitary gland (PG) plays a central role in the production and secretion of pubertal hormones, with documented links to the increase in mental health symptoms during adolescence. Although literature has largely focused on examining whole PG volume, recent findings have demonstrated associations among pubertal hormone levels, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), PG subregions, and mental health symptoms during adolescence. Despite the anterior PG's role in DHEA production, studies have not yet examined potential links with transdiagnostic symptomology (i.

Observational comparison of fatigue and sleep disturbance after traumatic injury, in those with and without concomitant mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Fatigue and subjective sleep disturbance are elevated after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), raising the question of whether mTBI-specific factors contribute to the experience of fatigue and subjective sleep disturbance after mTBI.

Design: 110 premorbidly healthy individuals who had suffered a traumatic injury during an accident approximately 8 weeks prior were examined and assessed with subjective measures of fatigue and sleep disturbance, psychological distress and pain.

Results: Individuals with a traumatic injury reported significant elevations in most fatigue and all subjective sleep disruption components compared to community-based control participants (n = 45).

SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ADS051, A NEUTROPHIL MODULATOR, IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED PHASE 1B TRIAL.

Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by colonic inflammation, with neutrophils playing a key role in UC activity, prognosis, and response to therapies. Current UC therapeutics can have significant side effects and limited efficacy. ADS051 is a novel, oral, gut-restricted small molecule that modulates neutrophil migration and activation without in vitro suppression of T-cell activation.

Scaling and spreading age-friendly care: Early lessons from the VA National Age-Friendly Action Community.

Background: The Age-Friendly Health System (AFHS) initiative seeks to improve care for older adults through assessing and acting on the 4Ms (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, Mobility). The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) joined the initiative in 2020, and from 2022 to 2023, VA led its first Age-Friendly Action Community, a 7-month online educational series to teach clinicians about implementing the 4Ms across VA care settings.

Methods: The VA Action Community was designed to spread awareness about Age-Friendly care for older Veterans, improve interprofessional team knowledge for providing care guided by the 4Ms, and support AFHS implementation across multiple care settings.

Fluorine-rich poly(arylene amine) membranes for the separation of liquid aliphatic compounds.

We explored the potential for membrane materials to reduce energy and carbon requirements for the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstocks and products. We developed a series of fluorine-rich poly(arylene amine) polymer membranes that feature rigid polymer backbones with segregated perfluoroalkyl side chains. This combination imbues the polymers with resistance to dilation induced by hydrocarbon immersion without the loss of solution-based membrane fabrication techniques.

Orthogonal-Group-Controlled Site-Selective I-Branching of Poly-N-acetyllactosamine Chains Reveals Unique Binding Specificities of Proteins towards I-Antigens.

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) is ubiquitously expressed on cell surface glycoconjugates, serving as the backbone of complex glycans and an extended scaffold that presents diverse glycan epitopes. The branching of poly-LacNAc, where internal galactose (Gal) residues have β1-6 linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) attached, forms the blood group I-antigen, which is closely associated with various physiological and pathological processes including cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear as many of the I-antigen sequences are undefined and inaccessible.

A new guide for basic psychological support for persons affected by neglected tropical diseases: A peer support tool suitable for persons with a diagnosis of leprosy and lymphatic filariasis.

Background: People with disabilities due to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF), often encounter situations of stigma and discrimination that significantly impact their mental wellbeing. Mental wellbeing services are often not available at the peripheral level in NTD-endemic countries, and there is a need for such services. Basic psychological support for persons with NTDs (BPS-N) from peers is an important potential solution for addressing mental wellbeing problems.

Family and Home Environment Predictors of Children's 24-Hour Movement Guideline Adherence: A Mixed-Methods Study.

During summer, children may meet fewer 24 hours Movement Guidelines (24 hr-MGs) [moderate-vigorous physical activity (PA): ≥60 minutes/day, screen time: ≤2 hours/day, sleep: 9-11 hours/day) compared with the school year. Structured environments within community settings (, summer programs) support guideline adherence. Information about the relationship between structured home environments and 24 hr-MGs is needed.

Impact of American College of surgeons trauma verification on statewide collaborative outcomes.

Background: American College of Surgeons (ACS) trauma center verification has demonstrated improved outcomes at individual centers, but its impact on statewide Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) Collaboratives is unknown. A statewide TQIP Collaborative, founded in 2011, noted underperformance in six of eight patient cohorts identified in the TQIP Collaborative report. We hypothesized that requiring ACS verification for level I and II trauma centers would result in improved outcomes for the state collaborative.

Mediators of a randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for youth of parents with depressive disorders.

Objective: The present study assessed two theory-driven mediators of the effects of a family group cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for youth of parents with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymia on long-term youth psychopathology symptoms and diagnoses.

Method: Sample included 180 parents ( = 41.9, 89% female, 82% White, non-Hispanic) and one of their children/adolescents ages 9-15 years ( = 11.

Atrial Fibrillation and Retinal Stroke.

Importance: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common, chronic, cardiac arrythmia in older US adults. It is not known whether AF is independently associated with increased risk of retinal stroke (central retinal artery occlusion), a subtype of ischemic stroke that causes severely disabling visual loss in most cases and is a harbinger of further vascular events.

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between AF and retinal stroke.