Integrating Systematic Surveys With Historical Data to Model the Distribution of , a Vector of Epidemiological Concern in North America.

Globally, vector-borne diseases are increasing in distribution and frequency, affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Science-based management and prevention of these diseases requires a sound understanding of the distribution and environmental requirements of the vectors and hosts involved in disease transmission. Integrated Species Distribution Models (ISDM) account for diverse data types through hierarchical modeling and represent a significant advancement in species distribution modeling.

Courtesy Stigma and HIV Professionals: A Brief Review of Implications for Psychosocial and Professional Well-Being.

The impact of HIV-related stigma on social workers, clinicians, counselors, and advocates working in organizations serving people living with HIV (PLWH), is rarely considered. Professionals experience "courtesy stigma" when working with or on behalf of PLWH, regardless of their personal HIV status. PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo databases, along with a review of relevant reference lists and referrals, identified 13 studies addressing this phenomenon.

Prevalence of diagnosed psychiatric disorders among adults who have experienced and internalized weight stigma.

Objective: Experiences and internalization of weight stigma are associated with greater self-reported psychological distress and symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. However, little is known about the extent to which individuals who have experienced and internalized weight stigma are diagnosed with or provided treatment for psychiatric conditions. The current study aimed to characterize the prevalence of diagnosed psychiatric disorders among adults with obesity who had experienced and internalized weight stigma.

1,2,3-Triazoles: Controlled Switches in Logic Gate Applications.

A 1,2,3-triazole-based chemosensor is used for selective switching in logic gate operations through colorimetric and fluorometric response mechanisms. The molecular probe synthesized via "click chemistry" resulted in a non-fluorescent 1,4-diaryl-1,2,3-triazole with a phenol moiety (). However, upon sensing fluoride, it TURNS ON the molecule's fluorescence.

Organoids: fundamentals, present and future.

Organoids are tiny structures, mainly generated from induced pluripotent stem cells, which are cultured in the laboratory while retaining their innate or acquired characteristics. They have the potential to reproduce biological development processes, model pathological processes that will enable the discovery of new drugs and promote regenerative medicine. However, these processes require constant improvement because variations may have occurred in the constitution of the organs.

Rationally designed phenanthrene derivatized triazole as a dual chemosensor for fluoride and copper recognition.

A 1,2,3-triazole chemosensor containing phenanthrene and phenol moieties (PhTP) was efficiently synthesized via copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, "click chemistry". PhTP is a dual analyte sensor for fluoride and copper (II) ions in homogeneous medium. Deprotonation of the phenolic OH proton by the fluoride ion is responsible for a change in fluorescence color from blue (PhTP) to yellowish-orange (PhTP-fluoride adduct), while a charge transfer between the triazole nitrogen of the chemosensor and Cu revealed a turn-off fluorescence output.

Transstadial immune activation in a mosquito: Adults that emerge from infected larvae have stronger antibacterial activity in their hemocoel yet increased susceptibility to malaria infection.

Larval and adult mosquitoes mount immune responses against pathogens that invade their hemocoel. Although it has been suggested that a correlation exists between immune processes across insect life stages, the influence that an infection in the hemocoel of a larva has on the immune system of the eclosed adult remains unknown. Here, we used to test whether a larval infection influences the adult response to a subsequent bacterial or malaria parasite infection.

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting dogs in Nigeria: epidemiological and public health implications.

Ticks are haematophagous arthropods that exert direct and indirect effects on their hosts. Their global importance as reservoirs and vectors of diseases of veterinary and public health importance is well recognized. However, the level of understanding of their role in disease epidemiology varies from one country to the other based on available data.

Anterior-posterior patterning of Drosophila wing discs I: A baseline mathematical model.

The wing imaginal disc of Drosophila is one of the commonly used model systems for the studies of patterning, growth, and scaling. Development of the wing disc involves many interacting components as well as a variety of compound processes whose underlying mechanisms are still under investigation. For instance, it remains unclear about how to form compound experimentally-measured patterns of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) type-I receptor Thickveins (Tkv), as well as phosphorylated Mothers Against Dpp (pMad, the latter of which is the indicator of Dpp signaling activities.

Inpatient and Outpatient Infection as a Trigger of Cardiovascular Disease: The ARIC Study.

Background Acute infections are known cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) triggers, but little is known regarding how CVD risk varies following inpatient versus outpatient infections. We hypothesized that in- and outpatient infections are associated with CVD risk and that the association is stronger for inpatient infections. Methods and Results Coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke cases were identified and adjudicated in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study).

Risk factors for the ill-defined causes of death in the Brazilian states: a multilevel analysis.

This study describes the spatial-temporal changes of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death in Brazil (1998-2012) and investigates which demographic and socioeconomic factors affect this proportion. We collected information of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death by age (15-59 years), sex, period, locality, and socioeconomic data. We used a multilevel Poisson model to investigate which factors affect the risk of ill-defined causes of death.

High sensitivity glucose detection at extremely low concentrations using a MoS-based field-effect transistor.

In recent years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) based field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted much attention because of the unique properties of MoS nano-materials as an ideal channel material. Using a MoS FET as a glucose solution biosensor has the advantages of high sensitivity and rapid response. This paper is concerned with the fabrication of a bilayer MoS-based FET and the study of its application in the high sensitivity detection of an extremely low concentration glucose solution.

The increase in domestic violence in Brazil from 2009-2014.

In recent decades, the rise violent phenomena in Brazil has reached epidemic proportions. However, the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) across different states in the country is not well established. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of DV across Brazilian states from 2009 to 2014.

Noncoding RNA Regulation of Dopamine Signaling in Diseases of the Central Nervous System.

Dopaminergic neurotransmission mediates a majority of the vital central nervous system functions. Disruption of these synaptic events provokes a multitude of neurological pathologies, including Parkinson's, schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. Growing evidence supports a key role for noncoding RNA (ncRNA) regulation in the synapse.

Correlated evolution between targets of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection across squamate reptiles.

Sexual selection reflects the joint contributions of precopulatory selection, which arises from variance in mating success, and postcopulatory selection, which arises from variance in fertilization success. The relative importance of each episode of selection is variable among species, and comparative evidence suggests that traits targeted by precopulatory selection often covary in expression with those targeted by postcopulatory selection when assessed across species, although the strength and direction of this association varies considerably among taxa. We tested for correlated evolution between targets of pre- and postcopulatory selection using data on sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and testis size from 151 species of squamate reptiles (120 lizards, 31 snakes).

Benefits of exercise intervention in reducing neuropathic pain.

Peripheral neuropathy is a widespread and potentially incapacitating pathological condition that encompasses more than 100 different forms and manifestations of nerve damage. The diverse pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy affects autonomic, motor and/or sensory neurons, and the symptoms that typify the condition are abnormal cutaneous sensation, muscle dysfunction and, most notably, chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and is often characterized by either exaggerated responses to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) or pain resulting from stimuli that would not normally provoke pain (allodynia).

Daily walking and life expectancy of elderly people in the iowa 65+ rural health study.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hypothesis that outdoor daily walking, as an exercise, has an effect on the rate of mortality among those elderly people in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study (RHS). RHS is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 8 years follow-up from 1981 to 1989. It consists of a random sample of 3,673 individuals (1,420 men and 2,253 women) aged 65 or older living in Washington and Iowa counties of the State of Iowa.

Stroop interference in a delayed match-to-sample task: evidence for semantic competition.

Discussions of the source of the Stroop interference effect continue to pervade the literature. Semantic competition posits that interference results from competing semantic activation of word and color dimensions of the stimulus prior to response selection. Response competition posits that interference results from competing responses for articulating the word dimension vs.

On Discriminating between Geometric Strategies of Surface-Based Orientation.

Recently, a debate has manifested in the spatial learning literature regarding the shape parameters by which mobile organisms orient with respect to the environment. On one hand are principal-axis-based strategies which suggest that organisms extract the major and minor principal axes of space which pass through the centroid and approximate length and width of the entire space, respectively. On the other hand are medial-axis-based strategies which suggest that organisms extract a trunk-and-branch system similar to the skeleton of a shape.

Characterization of Aquaporin 4 Protein Expression and Localization in Tissues of the Dogfish (Squalus acanthias).

The role of aquaporin water channels such as aquaporin 4 (Aqp4) in elasmobranchs such as the dogfish Squalus acanthias is completely unknown. This investigation set out to determine the expression and cellular and sub-cellular localization of Aqp4 protein in dogfish tissues. Two polyclonal antibodies were generated (AQP4/1 and AQP4/2) and these showed somewhat different characteristics in Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.