Evaluation of Multi-Lingual Simplifications of IR Procedural Reports Using GPT-4.

This study assesses the feasibility of Large Language Models like GPT-4 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) to summarize interventional radiology (IR) procedural reports to improve layperson understanding and translate medical texts into multiple languages. 200 reports from eight categories were summarized using GPT-4. Readability was assessed with Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level (FKRL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES).

Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Diversity in Spatially Separated Microbial Communities in the Icelandic Mars Analog Environment Mælifellssandur.

Exploration missions to Mars rely on landers or rovers to perform multiple analyses over geographically small sampling regions, while landing site selection is done using large-scale but low-resolution remote-sensing data. Utilizing Earth analog environments to estimate small-scale spatial and temporal variation in key geochemical signatures and biosignatures will help mission designers ensure future sampling strategies meet mission science goals. Icelandic lava fields can serve as Mars analog sites due to conditions that include low nutrient availability, temperature extremes, desiccation, and isolation from anthropogenic contamination.

Substructure-Specific Antibodies Against Fentanyl Derivatives.

Structural variants of the synthetic opioid fentanyl are a major threat to public health. Following an investigation showing that many derivatives are poorly detected by commercial lateral flow and related assays, we created hapten conjugate vaccines using an immunogenic virus-like particle carrier and eight synthetic fentanyl derivatives designed to mimic the structural features of several of the more dangerous analogues. Immunization of mice elicited strong antihapten humoral responses, allowing the screening of hundreds of hapten-specific hybridomas for binding strength and specificity.

Development of a single port dual arm robotically steerable endoscope for neurosurgical applications.

Single-port surgical robots have gained popularity due to less patient trauma and quicker post-surgery recovery. However, due to limited access provided by a single incision, the miniaturization and maneuverability of these robots still needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose the design of a single-port, dual-arm robotically steerable endoscope containing one steerable major cannula and two steerable minor cannulas.

State of Lung Cancer in Egypt: Moving Towards Improved Guidelines for Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Clinical Care Programs.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and presents significant challenges in Egypt. In 2023, the first annual meeting of the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Faculty, organized by the Egyptian Cancer Research Network and the Egyptian Society of Respiratory Neoplasms, was held in Cairo, Egypt. The meeting aimed to address gaps in lung cancer management across Egypt and the broader Middle East and North Africa region.

SMAC-armed oncolytic virotherapy enhances the anticancer activity of PD1 blockade by modulating PANoptosis.

Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are increasingly recognized as promising tools for cancer therapy, as they selectively infect and destroy tumor cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. Despite considerable progress, the limited therapeutic efficacy of OV-based virotherapy continues to be a significant challenge in cancer treatment.

Methods: The SMAC/DIABLO gene was inserted into the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to generate VSV-S.

Performance evaluation of a machine learning-based methodology using dynamical features to detect nonwear intervals in actigraphy data in a free-living setting.

Goal And Aims: One challenge using wearable sensors is nonwear time. Without a nonwear (e.g.

Fluorine-rich poly(arylene amine) membranes for the separation of liquid aliphatic compounds.

We explored the potential for membrane materials to reduce energy and carbon requirements for the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstocks and products. We developed a series of fluorine-rich poly(arylene amine) polymer membranes that feature rigid polymer backbones with segregated perfluoroalkyl side chains. This combination imbues the polymers with resistance to dilation induced by hydrocarbon immersion without the loss of solution-based membrane fabrication techniques.

Automated Lesion and Feature Extraction Pipeline for Brain MRIs with Interpretability.

This paper introduces the Automated Lesion and Feature Extraction (ALFE) pipeline, an open-source, Python-based pipeline that consumes MR images of the brain and produces anatomical segmentations, lesion segmentations, and human-interpretable imaging features describing the lesions in the brain. ALFE pipeline is modeled after the neuroradiology workflow and generates features that can be used by physicians for quantitative analysis of clinical brain MRIs and for machine learning applications. The pipeline uses a decoupled design which allows the user to customize the image processing, image registrations, and AI segmentation tools without the need to change the business logic of the pipeline.

Novel robust control with disturbance rejection for permanent magnet synchronous motors and experimental validation.

A novel robust control strategy is proposed in this work to address the dynamic control problem of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) position tracking and lessen the effect of system parameter and load fluctuations on the dynamic performance of PMSM. The tracking performance is improved by a robust control element built with the Lyapunov method to reduce the impact of uncertain factors such as parameter uncertainty, nonlinear friction, and external interference; the nominal control element is stabilized by the dynamics model. The uniformly bounded and uniformly final bounded systems are proven, and the associated conclusions are provided using the Lyapunov minimax approach.

Next-Generation Custom-Fit Reusable Respiratory Protective Device with Continuous Fit Monitoring - Part I: Custom-Fit Design.

Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are manufactured in discrete sizes, with some models being limited in relation to accommodating the fit of some sex and race combinations. This study presents the development of a custom-fit respiratory protective device (RPD) which conforms to a user's facial features and flexes and moves with facial movements during use. Our design also integrates a pressure-sensing network, which continuously monitors fit and will alert the user when the fit is compromised.

Second harmonic generation imaging reveals entanglement of collagen fibers in the elephant trunk skin dermis.

Form-function relationships often have tradeoffs: if a material is tough, it is often inflexible, and vice versa. This is particularly relevant for the elephant trunk, where the skin should be protective yet elastic. To investigate how this is achieved, we used classical histochemical staining and second harmonic generation microscopy to describe the morphology and composition of elephant trunk skin.

Large language models for the mental health community: framework for translating code to care.

Large language models (LLMs) offer promising applications in mental health care to address gaps in treatment and research. By leveraging clinical notes and transcripts as data, LLMs could improve diagnostics, monitoring, prevention, and treatment of mental health conditions. However, several challenges persist, including technical costs, literacy gaps, risk of biases, and inequalities in data representation.

A comprehensive analysis of serotype-specific invasive capacity, clinical presentations, and mortality trends of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduced invasive disease, but the overall prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization among children has not changed significantly. Our knowledge of which serotypes, once colonized, hold a higher likelihood to cause invasive disease is limited.

Methods: Serotype-specific invasive capacity (IC) of Streptococcus pneumoniae was estimated using an enhanced population-based invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance in children <7 years of age in Massachusetts and surveillance of nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization in selected Massachusetts communities in corresponding respiratory seasons.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Deep Learning-Enabled Automated Quality Control for Liver MR Elastography: Initial Results.

Background: Several factors can impair image quality and reliability of liver magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), such as inadequate driver positioning, insufficient wave propagation and patient-related factors.

Purpose: To report initial results on automatic classification of liver MRE image quality using various deep learning (DL) architectures.

Study Type: Retrospective, single center, IRB-approved human study.

Multivalent S2 subunit vaccines provide broad protection against Clade 1 sarbecoviruses in female mice.

The continuing emergence of immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants and the previous SARS-CoV-1 outbreak collectively underscore the need for broadly protective sarbecovirus vaccines. Targeting the conserved S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 is a particularly promising approach to elicit broad protection. Here, we describe a nanoparticle vaccine displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-1 S2 subunit.

In Vivo Quantification of Anterior and Posterior Chamber Volumes in Mice: Implications for Aqueous Humor Dynamics.

Purpose: Aqueous humor inflow rate, a key parameter influencing aqueous humor dynamics, is typically measured by fluorophotometry. Analyzing fluorophotometric data depends, inter alia, on the volume of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber but not the posterior chamber. Previous fluorophotometric studies of the aqueous inflow rate in mice have assumed the ratio of anterior:posterior volumes in mice to be similar to those in humans.

An organic electrochemical neuron for a neuromorphic perception system.

Human perception systems are highly refined, relying on an adaptive, plastic, and event-driven network of sensory neurons. Drawing inspiration from Nature, neuromorphic perception systems hold tremendous potential for efficient multisensory signal processing in the physical world; however, the development of an efficient artificial neuron with a widely calibratable spiking range and reduced footprint remains challenging. Here, we report an efficient organic electrochemical neuron (OECN) with reduced footprint (<37 mm) based on high-performance vertical OECT (vOECT) complementary circuitry enabled by an advanced n-type polymer for balanced p-/n-type vOECT performance.

Soybean2035: A decadal vision for soybean functional genomics and breeding.

Soybean, the fourth most important crop in the world, uniquely serves as a source of both plant oil and plant protein for the world's food and animal feed. Although soybean production has increased approximately 13-fold over the past 60 years, the continually growing global population necessitates further increases in soybean production. In the past, especially in the last decade, significant progress has been made in both functional genomics and molecular breeding.

Model-Based Electroencephalogram Instantaneous Frequency Tracking: Application in Automated Sleep-Wake Stage Classification.

Understanding sleep stages is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders, developing treatments, and studying sleep's impact on overall health. With the growing availability of affordable brain monitoring devices, the volume of collected brain data has increased significantly. However, analyzing these data, particularly when using the gold standard multi-lead electroencephalogram (EEG), remains resource-intensive and time-consuming.

Leveraging Saliva for Insights into Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies with increasing global incidence and notable mortality. Early detection is essential for improving survival rates and minimizing recurrence; however, existing diagnostic methods are often invasive and complex. There is a need for noninvasive and more effective approaches for early detection and real-time monitoring of HNC.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Comparative Analysis of the Overlapping Molecular Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Frontotemporal Dementia.

The overlapping molecular pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) was analyzed using relationships from a knowledge graph of 33+ million biomedical journal articles. The unsupervised learning rank aggregation algorithm from SemNet 2.0 compared the most important amino acid, peptide, and protein (AAPP) nodes connected to AD, ALS, or FTD.