Speechreading Ability Affects Mandarin Tone Perception in Young Adults With Prelingual Hearing Impairment in China.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study explored how the speechreading ability of adults with hearing impairment (HI) in China would affect their perception of the four Mandarin Chinese lexical tones: high (Tone 1), rising (Tone 2), falling-rising (Tone 3), and falling (Tone 4). We predicted that higher speechreading ability would result in better tone performance and that accuracy would vary among individual tones.

Method: A total of 136 young adults with HI (ages 18-25 years) in China participated in the study and completed Chinese speechreading and tone awareness tests.

The Role of Race/Ethnicity on the Association between Neighborhood Deprivation and Breast Cancer Outcomes among Kentucky Breast Cancer Patients years 2010-2022.

Background: Kentucky is within the top five leading states for breast mortality nationwide. This study investigates the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and breast cancer outcomes, including surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and survival, and how associations vary by race and ethnicity in Kentucky.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) for breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2017, with follow-up through December 31, 2022.

Safety of Human USH1C Transgene Expression Following Subretinal Injection in Wild-Type Pigs.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate early-phase safety of subretinal application of AAVanc80.CAG.USH1Ca1 (OT_USH_101) in wild-type (WT) pigs, examining the effects of a vehicle control, low dose, and high dose.

Effectiveness of Empagliflozin vs Dapagliflozin for Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

Importance: No large randomized clinical trial has directly compared empagliflozin with dapagliflozin, leaving their comparative effectiveness regarding kidney outcomes unknown.

Objective: To compare kidney outcomes between initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes who were receiving antihyperglycemic treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This target trial emulation used nationwide, population-based routinely collected Danish health care data to compare initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes who received antihyperglycemic treatment between June 1, 2014, and October 31, 2020.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 147 cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: refining the immunohistochemical profile of LG-ESS on a large, molecularly confirmed series.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) can present diagnostic challenges, due to its overlapping morphological features with other uterine mesenchymal tumors. Misdiagnosis rates remain significant, and immunohistochemical data for LG-ESS are limited to small series and inconsistent antibody panels. This study aimed to refine the IHC profile of LG-ESS by analyzing a large, molecularly confirmed series of 147 cases using a panel of 24 antibodies, including newer markers like transgelin and smoothelin.

The gendered nature of leader behaviors: Navigating stereotype threat from conservation of resources and gender role perspectives.

Previous research has highlighted the benefits followers gain from their leaders' initiating structure and consideration. Adopting a leader-centric perspective, we propose that leaders' gender influences the impact of these behaviors for leaders themselves. Drawing from conservation of resources and gender role theories, we explain why gender-role-inconsistent leader behaviors (behaviors that go against gender stereotypes, such as initiating structure for women and consideration for men) is detrimental, while engaging in gender-role-consistent leader behaviors (such as initiating structure for men and consideration for women) is beneficial.

I need a vacation: A meta-analysis of vacation and employee well-being.

Previous meta-analytic research concluded that the well-being benefits of vacation are small and fade away quickly, suggesting that vacation may not be that effective of a recovery opportunity for improving employee well-being. Since the time of this initial meta-analysis, however, the number of vacation studies has increased, providing an opportunity to estimate more precise meta-analytic estimates and increase our understanding of the different factors that play a role in this vacation-well-being relationship. As such, we conduct a meta-analysis using 32 studies that include 256 effect sizes to examine how employee well-being levels change due to vacation.

Dispersal of influenza virus populations within the respiratory tract shapes their evolutionary potential.

Viral infections are characterized by dispersal from an initial site to secondary locations within the host. How the resultant spatial heterogeneity shapes within-host genetic diversity and viral evolutionary pathways is poorly understood. Here, we show that virus dispersal within and between the nasal cavity and trachea maintains diversity and is therefore conducive to adaptive evolution, whereas dispersal to the lungs gives rise to population heterogeneity.

Sublethal changes to coral metabolism in response to deoxygenation.

Coastal deoxygenation poses a critical threat to tropical coral reefs. Dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion can cause hypoxia-induced stress and mortality for scleractinian corals. Coral hypoxic responses are species-specific and likely modulated by the duration and severity of low-DO conditions, although the physiological mechanisms driving hypoxia tolerance are not fully understood.

Time-Varying Spatial Propagation of Brain Networks in fMRI Data.

Spontaneous neural activity coherently relays information across the brain. Several efforts have been made to understand how spontaneous neural activity evolves at the macro-scale level as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Previous studies observe the global patterns and flow of information in rsfMRI using methods such as sliding window or temporal lags.

Biofeedback control of photosynthetic lighting using real-time monitoring of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence.

Optimizing photosynthetic lighting is essential for maximizing crop production and minimizing electricity costs in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Traditional lighting methods often neglect the impact of environmental factors, crop type, and light acclimation on photosynthetic efficiency. To address this, a chlorophyll fluorescence-based biofeedback system was developed to adjust light-emitting diode (LED) intensity based on real-time plant responses, rather than using a fixed photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD).

A rare case of recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with weak hormone receptor positivity.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is an exceptionally rare malignancy, accounting for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers. Despite its favorable prognosis, optimal management remains undefined due to its rarity and lack of consensus guidelines.

Muscle power is associated with higher levels of walking capacity and self-reported gait performance and physical activity in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between a Power Leg Press test (PLP) with walking capacity and self-reported performance and participation in individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP), and to compare the strength of the associations between two power tests (PLP and isokinetic (IsoK)) with walking capacity.

Methods: Ambulatory individuals with CP (n = 33; age 17.89 ± 7.

Quantitative evaluation of hindlimb grip strength in mice as a measure of neuromuscular function.

Muscle strength is a crucial metric for assessing motor function, with significant diagnostic and prognostic value. It is widely used in clinical and preclinical studies as a phenotypic indicator. In mouse models of neuromuscular disorders, grip strength provides a direct, repeatable measure of motor function changes throughout disease progression.

A Narrative Review of the Effects of Internal Jugular Vein Compression on Brain Structure and Function During Periods of Head Impact.

Subconcussive impacts are very common in the sports world and can have many negative impacts on human function, including increased risk for cognitive decline and behavioral impairments such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The purpose of this article is to analyze the available literature on the effects of jugular vein compression applied by a cervical collar on cerebral structure and function in the setting of chronic impact exposure. This narrative review analyzed 17 articles on brain structure and function, published between 1992 and 2022.

Cinnamaldehyde impacts key cellular signaling pathways for induction of programmed cell death in high-grade and low-grade human glioma cells.

Objective: Primary tumors of the brain and a large percent of malignant brain tumors are gliomas. Gliomas comprise high-grade gliomas like glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs), many of which have mutation in the tumor suppressor p53 gene and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). LGGs can progress to GBMs due to various factors.

Associations of time to the operating room on outcomes in odontogenic infection.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were correlations between the length of time from hospital admission to surgical intervention and the frequency of complications in patients with odontogenic infections. While odontogenic infection is well studied in terms of interventions and outcomes, less is known about hospital utilization and resource burden of odontogenic infection with respect to timeliness to intervention. A retrospective cohort analysis was used to examine correlations between time from admission to surgical intervention and clinical outcomes.

Evaluating access to psychosocial services for the medicaid-insured children in Georgia.

Background: Evaluating access to psychosocial services can inform policy decision-making on ways to address shortages in the availability of mental health (MH)-specialized providers. The objective of the study was to assess how the mental health (MH)-specialized workforce met the demand for psychosocial services of Medicaid-insured children in Georgia, with direct relevance in establishing quantitative network adequacy.

Methods: We used the 2018 Medicaid (TAF) claims data, the 2018 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System database, and the 2019 Georgia school-based program data to estimate community-level demand and practice-level supply of psychosocial services.

Hominin presence in Eurasia by at least 1.95 million years ago.

The timing of the initial dispersal of hominins into Eurasia is unclear. Current evidence indicates hominins were present at Dmanisi, Georgia by 1.8 million years ago (Ma), but other ephemeral traces of hominins across Eurasia predate Dmanisi.

Evaluating the implementation and impact of a volunteer navigation oncology support programme: study protocol for a pragmatic, real-world hybrid type 2 study.

Introduction: Patient navigation is recommended by accrediting bodies such as the Commission on Cancer and is a key element in payment reform demonstration projects, due to the established benefits in reducing barriers to healthcare, improving care coordination and reducing healthcare utilisation. However, oncology practices are often resource constrained and lack the capacity to extend navigation services at the desired intensity for their patient population. The American Cancer Society (ACS) developed the ACS Community Access to Resources, Education, and Support (CARES) programme to expand navigation capacity through the training of students from local universities as volunteers to serve as non-clinical navigators to support cancer patients.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With HIV.

Background: HIV induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with HIV (WWH). Although psychosocial stress has been implicated in the development of CVD in HIV, its impact on ED in WWH remains unknown.

Objectives: The authors hypothesized that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and HIV interact to contribute to ED in WWH.

Impact of Genomic Classifiers on Risk Stratification and Treatment Intensity in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer : A Systematic Review.

Background: Tissue-based genomic classifiers (GCs) have been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and treatment recommendations.

Purpose: To summarize the impact of the Decipher, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), and Prolaris GCs on risk stratification and patient-clinician decisions on treatment choice among patients with localized PCa considering first-line treatment.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science published from January 2010 to August 2024.

Synopsis of the 2023 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Bipolar Disorder.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DOD) Work Group revised the 2013 VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Management of Bipolar Disorder (BD). This paper reviews the 2023 CPG and its development process, including how recommendations were made for evidence-based treatment in BD. Subject experts and key stakeholders developed 20 key questions and reviewed the published literature after a systematic search using the PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timing of outcomes measurement, and setting) method.