Clinical Heterogeneity and Transitions of Obesity in Mexico. A Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Representative National Surveys.

Background: There is large variation in the individual risk of developing obesity-associated comorbidities. While obesity is highly prevalent in Mexico, data on the extent and heterogeneity of its associated co-morbidities is lacking. Hereby, we estimated the prevalence of different obesity-associated comorbidities, and how they have changed over 15 years.

CNM-Au8 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The HEALEY ALS Platform Trial.

Importance: Bioenergetic failure has been proposed as a driver of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). CNM-Au8 is a suspension of gold nanocrystals that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride into NAD+, resulting in an increase of cellular adenosine triphosphate production.

Objective: To determine the effects of CNM-Au8 on ALS disease progression.

Verdiperstat in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Results From the Randomized HEALEY ALS Platform Trial.

Importance: Myeloperoxidase is one of the most abundant peroxidase enzymes in activated myeloid cells. Myeloperoxidase inhibitors may have a clinical benefit in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by slowing neurodegeneration via reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Objective: To determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of verdiperstat, a selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor, in ALS.

Screening for Food Insecurity: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance: According to survey data, 12.8% of households experienced food insecurity in 2022, with 7.7% of households experiencing low food security and 5.

SPHENISCID ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 1 IN AFRICAN PENGUINS () WITHIN THE SPECIES SURVIVAL PLAN MANAGED POPULATION IN THE US: INCIDENCE AND POPULATION IMPACT.

Spheniscid alphaherpesvirus-1 (SpAHV-1) is associated with respiratory disease in juvenile African penguins (). In 2020, this virus was detected in adult birds with clinical signs of respiratory disease in a previously asymptomatic colony of 21 birds following a recommended introduction of three new birds, including two with a history of herpesvirus as juveniles. Mild to moderate respiratory signs were noted in 33% (8/24) of the colony.

Brain injury metrics and their risk functions in frontal automotive collisions.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 1, AIS2, AIS3 and AIS4+ injury risk functions (IRFs) for traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) as estimated by the rotational kinematics of the head, in accordance with AIS1998. The effectiveness of the IRFs was investigated by comparisons with real-world accident data of frontal crash configurations. In addition, links of the IRFs developed in accordance with AIS1998 to other AIS versions were discussed.

Effect of Transformation of Non-Normal Fitness Trait Data on the Estimation of Genetic Parameters in Turkeys.

Fitness traits described as a ratio often display non-normal distributions; consequently, transformations are frequently applied to improve normality prior to the estimation of genetic parameters. However, the impact of different transformations on genetic parameter estimates depends on the dataset at hand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight common transformations (z-score, log, square root, probit, arcsine, logit, Box-Cox and Yeo-Johnson) on genetic parameter estimates for non-normal fitness traits in turkeys.

Genomic epidemiology of resurgent hepatitis A in Florida, 2018-2022.

During 2018-2022, a resurgence of hepatitis A occurred in Florida, with 5,491 cases reported. Genotyping was performed on a convenience sample of cases through amplification and sequencing of the HAV VP1-P2B junction region. Virus isolates from 1,190 (22%) cases were genotyped; 69% were subgenotype IB, 30% were subgenotype IA, and 1% were subgenotype IIIA.

Control of Reversible Oxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination of Surface-Attached Catalysts by External Electric Fields.

We demonstrate that applied electric fields at interfaces can control the oxidative addition/reductive elimination equilibria of surface-attached molecular catalysts without any synthetic modification. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the oxidative addition of HCl to a Co complex is "field switchable", being favorable under negative fields but unfavorable under sufficiently positive fields. Extending the analysis to different substrates (O, H) and metal centers (Rh, Ir) reveals consistent trends in the magnitude of the electric field effect: Co > Rh ≈ Ir and HCl > O > H.

Have we reached a new baseline for blood collection and transfusion in the United States? National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey, 2023.

Background: Data from the National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey (NBCUS) suggest a stabilization in blood collections and transfusions following years of decline. Data from the 2023 NBCUS were analyzed to further understand national trends in US blood availability.

Study Design And Methods: In February 2024, all community-based (53) and hospital-based (104) blood collection centers, and a sample of transfusing hospitals were surveyed.

Objective Detection of Newborn Infant Acute Procedural Pain Using EEG and Machine Learning Algorithms.

Observer-dependent infant pain scales have limitations including discontinuous assessments and the lack of healthcare professionals' availability. We hypothesized that applying agnostic machine learning approaches to neonatal electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis may reveal features of the infant response to acute pain. EEG was recorded from 30 neonates undergoing acutely painful procedures (18 males, 34.

Does domestic violence legislation reduce permissive attitudes about intimate partner violence? Longitudinal evidence from men and women from 61 countries.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent and has substantial implication for women's health. Changing IPV attitudes is one pathway to reduce IPV. While evidence suggests that interventions targeting individuals may change IPV attitudes, the effect of wider-scale interventions, such as legislation, remains unknown.

The unmet needs in management, the treatment gap and the burden of migraine in Greece: a Delphi consensus and focus group study from patients' perspective.

Introduction: Migraine is a chronic, debilitating neurological disease affecting more than 1 billion patients, worldwide. Even though migraines are not life-threatening, they have profound effects on individuals, families, and society.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe patients' perspectives on socioeconomic and humanistic burden of migraine, as well as the unmet medical needs in the clinical management of migraine, in Greece.

Dual orexin receptor antagonists as promising therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

We examine the relationship between sleep, glymphatics and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recent work questioning glymphatic clearance during sleep. We highlight a need for understanding glymphatic and/or other mechanism of clearance during sleep, and review glymphatic flow measurement methods. Further, we explore dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) potential to mitigate AD sleep disturbances and enhance clearance.

Evaluating Veterans' Preferences for Renal Denervation for Treatment of Difficult-to-Control Hypertension: A Single-Center Survey Study.

Background And Aims: Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) is a safe and effective alternative treatment for hypertension. However, data on patient preferences are limited. This study sought to delineate preferences for RDN among Veterans with difficult-to-control hypertension at an urban VA Medical Center with the goal of optimizing management and referral practices in hypertensive Veterans.

Systematic Review of Pediatric Photoprotection in Children of Color.

Background: Early childhood sun exposure contributes to lifetime risk of skin cancer. Many individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds believe their skin tone confers immunity to sun damage; however, evidence of negative outcomes exists. Best practice in photoprotection for children of color is unclear.

B-Modified Pd Cathodes for the Efficient Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics: Enhancing C-F Bond Breakage beyond Hydrodefluorination.

Halogenated antibiotics pose a great threat to aqueous environments because of their persistent biotoxicity from carbon-halogen bonds. Electrochemical reduction (ER) is an efficient technology for dehalogenation, but it still suffers from limited efficiencies in breaking C-F bonds. Herein, we present a strategy to enhance C-F cleavage and promote detoxification by loading benchmark palladium cathodes onto boron-doped carbon.

Weight-loss interventions for adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review.

Objective: Youth with Down syndrome (DS) experience high rates of overweight and obesity; therefore, weight-loss interventions are warranted. We aimed to systematically review weight-loss interventions for adolescents with DS to better understand the most effective strategies and identify the current gaps in the literature.

Methods: This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] #CRD42022303781).

Sex-Based Disparities in Heart Transplantation in Teenagers.

Background: Heart transplantation in teenagers has not been well studied. Teenage recipients have unique considerations that influence outcomes-complexity of cardiac disease, wide range of donor sizing and age, mechanical support options, and medication nonadherence. We sought to analyze the outcomes of heart transplantation in teenagers, focusing on sex-based disparities.

Earth-Abundant WO Coupled with Minimal Pt for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution under Dark and Visible Light Conditions.

The development of cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to advancing green hydrogen production technologies. Here, we present a plasmonic tungsten oxide (WO) material integrated with ultralow platinum (Pt) loadings (0.4, 0.

Effect of glucose supplementation on protein biosynthesis in chickens reared under thermoneutral or heat stress environment.

Heat stress (HS) impacts broilers by reducing feed intake which impairs nutrient availability and energy levels, subsequently affecting protein biosynthesis. We hypothesize that an exogenous supply of glucose could provide extra energy resources that enhance protein biosynthesis in broilers reared under HS. Our experimental design involved two levels of temperature (25 °C [thermoneutral, TN]); 35 °C (8.

An Examination of Mandatory Class Attendance and Academic Performance in a Doctor of Pharmacy Program.

Objective: This study examined the relationship between a mandatory attendance policy (MAP) and grade point average (GPA), grade distribution, and course failures in a Doctor of Pharmacy program. Student adherence to the MAP was described.

Methods: A MAP was implemented in academic year 2021-2022.

Charge matters: how flanking substrate charge modulates O-glycan Core elongation.

Mucin type O-glycan core elongation is typically performed by the C1GALT1, B3GNT6, and ST6GalNAc-I/-II O-glycosyltransferases. These enzymes target the Tn antigen (GalNAc-O-Thr/Ser) dictating the fate of O-glycan elongation, playing important roles in health and disease. Changes in transferase expression and glycan structure are commonly associated with diseases such as cancer, Tn-syndrome, and ulcerative colitis.

Materials and Cavity Design Principles for Exciton-Polariton Condensates.

Exciton-polariton condensation offers a promising path to low-threshold coherent light sources, impacting fields from communications to healthcare. These hybrid quasiparticles, arising from strong exciton-photon coupling, combine the low effective mass from their photonic component and the strong nonlinear interactions from excitons. While polariton condensation has been achieved in a range of inorganic and organic materials, many systems still face significant challenges despite fulfilling the main properties requirements.