Speaking Out: Factors Influencing Black Americans' Engagement in COVID-19 Testing and Research.

Black communities in the United States (U.S.) have faced stark inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes.

Dyslipidemia Impacts Cardiometabolic Health and CVD Risk in a Relatively Young Otherwise Healthy Population.

Dyslipidemia, abnormal levels of lipids in the bloodstream, is associated with cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dyslipidemia on cardiometabolic health in relatively young, healthy adults. Participants were 54 healthy males and females aged 18-60 years.

Breaking down global barriers: A multinational and multi-community approach to combat stigma and enhance mental wellbeing in people with HIV.

Introduction: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Global 2025 targets prioritize action to overcome the collective barriers affecting the people and communities sitting on the outer margins of HIV care. Addressing the social and structural disparities that drive greater HIV prevalence and burden requires well-resourced, community-led responses that are fully integrated into national and global HIV initiatives.

Methods: The HIV Community Council (HCC), composed of 10 leaders from diverse global communities, convened to share their insights, amplify the community's voice, and identify barriers and solutions to empower all to live well with HIV through a dynamic, stepwise process of preparative work, deep discussion, prioritization, and consensus.

Skin cancer treatment environment and survivorship resources among sexual and gender minority patients: results of the OUT National Cancer Survey.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors face unmet care needs in accessing cancer health information and social support despite high satisfaction with treatment. SGM patients often delay care due to concerns of discrimination in healthcare settings, though the care experiences of SGM skin cancer survivors are less known. SGM individuals, particularly sexual minority men, report higher skin cancer prevalence and related risk behaviors than heterosexual men.

Amelioration of a von Willebrand disease type 2B phenotype in vivo upon treatment with allele-selective siRNAs.

Treatment options for the bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease type 2B (VWD2B) are insufficient and fail to address the negative effects of circulating mutant von Willebrand factor (VWF). The dominant-negative nature of VWD2B makes functionally defective VWF an interesting therapeutic target. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated the feasibility of allele-selective silencing of mutant VWF using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human VWF gene, an approach that can be applied irrespective of the disease-causing VWF mutation.

pyVPT2: Interoperable software for anharmonic vibrational frequency calculations.

We present pyVPT2, a program to perform second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) computations to obtain anharmonic vibrational frequencies. This program is written in Python and can utilize any of the several quantum chemistry programs that have been interfaced to the QCEngine project of the Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI). The requisite single point energy, gradient, or Hessian computations can be automatically performed in a distributed-parallel fashion by optionally using the MolSSI's QCFractal software.

Detection of Elder Abuse Through Emergency Care Technicians Screening Tool Revision for Home-Based Primary Care (DETECT-RPC): a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol.

Introduction: The annual prevalence of elder mistreatment (EM) in cognitively intact older adults is estimated to be 11%, yet the annual prevalence in older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) is estimated to be as high as 75%. Associated with a decrease in quality of life and increase in risk of mortality, EM represents a significant public health burden. Home-based primary care (HBPC) providers are uniquely positioned to address the critical need for robust EM screening and reporting, especially among individuals with AD/ADRD.

Barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: qualitative study.

Objective: Cervical cancer remains the most diagnosed and deadly cancer among women in low and middle income countries, including Ethiopia, although it can be controlled if detected and treated early. However, research on contextual barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer is limited in Ethiopia. This study aimed to describe the lived experience of the patients and to explore the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

Rural-Urban Disparities in State-Level Diabetes Prevalence Among US Adults, 2021.

Introduction: We assessed state-level disparities in diabetes prevalence among adults in rural and urban areas in the United States.

Methods: We estimated state-specific diabetes prevalence in rural and urban areas in 41 states with applicable data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Rural areas were defined based on the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme.

Olutasidenib in combination with azacitidine induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory mIDH1 acute myeloid leukemia: a multicohort open-label phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Olutasidenib is a potent, selective, oral, small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) which induced durable remissions in high-risk, relapsed/refractory (R/R) mIDH1 AML patients in a phase 1/2 trial. We present a pooled analysis from multiple cohorts of the phase 1/2 trial of patients with R/R AML who received combination olutasidenib and azacitidine therapy.

Methods: Adult patients with mIDH1 AML received 150 mg olutasidenib twice daily plus standard-of-care azacitidine (OLU + AZA) and were evaluated for response and safety.

Genotyped cluster investigations versus standard contact tracing: comparative impact on latent tuberculosis infection cascade of care in a low-incidence region.

Background: Cluster and contact investigations aim to identify and treat individuals with tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Although genotyped cluster investigations may be superior to contact investigations in generating additional epidemiological links, this may not necessarily translate into reducing infections. Here, we investigated the impact of genotyped cluster investigations compared to standard contact investigations on the LTBI care cascade in a low incidence setting.

Kinetics During the Tuck Jump Assessment and Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 12 Months After ACLR Surgery.

Background: Residual interlimb deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to functional maladaptation and increase the risk of reinjury. The tuck jump assessment (TJA) may offer a more effective evaluation of ACLR status as compared with traditional tasks owing to increased risk of altered landing mechanics, asymmetrical landing, and increased knee valgus attributed to the cyclical nature of the task. However, it remains unclear whether altered TJA kinetics resolve over time or persist through return-to-play phases of rehabilitation.

Passive Heat Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Passive heat therapy is gaining popularity as an intervention to promote cardiovascular, physiological, and to a lesser degree, thermoregulatory, adaptations in patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite this, the efficacy of heat therapy to elicit these adaptations remains unknown. We searched 5 databases for original research, screening 2,913 studies and identifying 18 eligible studies.

Neurovascular coupling: a review of spontaneous neocortical dynamics linking neuronal activity to hemodynamics and what we have learned from the rodent brain.

The brain is a complex neural network whose functional dynamics offer valuable insights into behavioral performance and health. Advances in fMRI have provided a unique window into studying human brain networks, providing us with a powerful tool for clinical research. Yet many questions about the underlying correlates between spontaneous fMRI and neural activity remain poorly understood, limiting the impact of this research.

Transformation-Guided Genome Mining Provides Access to Brominated Lanthipeptides.

Natural product biosynthesis is nature's tinkering ground for developing new enzymes that can achieve chemical transformations that are outside the purview of traditional chemical catalysis. Herein we describe a genome mining approach that leads to the discovery of a halogenase that regioselectively brominates a tryptophan side chain indole for a macrocyclic peptide substrate, enabling downstream chemical arylation by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. The halogenase was found to prefer a macrocyclic peptide substrate over a linear peptide.

Multi-Omics Assessment of Puff Volume-Mediated Salivary Biomarkers of Metal Exposure and Oxidative Injury Associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

Background: Since their inception, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have gained increasing popularity, sparking a vaping epidemic among adolescents in the US and globally. Several ENDS safety concerns have emerged as device features and formats that contribute to heavy metal exposure and toxicity continue to evolve and outpace regulatory efforts.

Objectives: Our objective was to integrate ENDS emission profiles with salivary proteome and metabolome data to characterize exposure factors that may influence adverse vaping-mediated health outcomes.

Structural brain correlates of externalizing traits and symptoms in the IMAGEN sample.

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have mainly found null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g.

Who, how, and when? New perspectives on longstanding issues in the study of externalizing psychopathology.

This special issue of aimed to provide methodologically robust research conducted across the globe that addressed a variety of questions related to externalizing psychopathology across the lifespan. Across all included articles are examples of sophisticated statistical approaches or innovative methods, including articles that evaluate the psychometrics of different structural models of externalizing psychopathology, test the invariance of indicators of externalizing problems over time or across different racial/ethnic groups, and leverage experience sampling methodologies. In what follows, we provide a brief overview of each of the eight articles included in this special issue.

The Impact of Electric Fields on Processes at Electrode Interfaces.

The application of external electric fields to influence chemical reactions at electrode interfaces has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, the design of electric fields to achieve highly efficient and selective catalytic systems, akin to the optimized fields found at enzyme active sites, remains a significant challenge. Consequently, there has been substantial effort in probing and understanding the interfacial electric fields at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and their effect on adsorbates.

Bacterial Nanovesicles as Interkingdom Signaling Moieties Mediating Pain Hypersensitivity.

Gut dysbiosis contributes to multiple pathologies, yet the mechanisms of the gut microbiota-mediated influence on systemic and distant responses remain largely elusive. This study aimed to identify the role of nanosized bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in mediating allodynia, i.e.

Age-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate Characteristics for Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Before Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Placement.

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate characteristics before transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) are unknown.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate substrates for sustained monomorphic VT before TPVR in rTOF.

Methods: Retrospective (2017 to 2021) and prospective (commencing 2021) rTOF patients with native right ventricular outflow tract referred for electrophysiology study (EPS) before TPVR were included.