Cost-effectiveness of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) for detection of tuberculosis drug resistance in India, South Africa and Georgia: a modeling analysis.

Background: Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) is promising alternative to phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) for detecting drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB). This study explored the potential cost-effectiveness of tNGS for the diagnosis of DR-TB across 3 settings: India, South Africa and Georgia.

Methods: To inform WHO guideline development group (GDG) on tNGS we developed a stochastic decision analysis model and assessed cost-effectiveness of tNGS for DST among rifampicin resistance individuals.

A Real-World Prospective Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Registry in the United States: PREG-MS.

Background And Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 1 million people in the United States, including reproductive-age women. There has been a paucity of prospective, pregnancy registries based on MS disease rather than medication exposures. A prospective MS pregnancy registry (PREG-MS) was established in 2017 as a prospective, single-cohort, real-world MS pregnancy registry in New England States of the United States, with goals to evaluate (1) course of MS and disease-modifying therapies (DMT) use during conception attempts and in the peripartum period, (2) pregnancy outcomes in women with MS (WwMS), and (3) longer-term developmental outcomes in offspring of WwMS.

Targeting the Type I Interferon Pathway in Glomerular Kidney Disease: Rationale and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are immunostimulatory molecules that can activate the innate and adaptive immune systems. In cases of immune dysfunction, prolonged activation of the type I IFN pathway has been correlated with kidney tissue damage in a wide range of kidney disorders, such as lupus nephritis (LN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Genetic mutations, such as risk variants in conjunction with elevated type I IFN expression, are also associated with higher rates of chronic kidney disease in patients with LN and collapsing FSGS.

A novel susceptibility locus to () identified by genetic mapping of automated microscopy computer vision data in grapevines.

Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus , is one of the primary causes of grape yield loss across the globe. While numerous resistance loci have been identified in various grapevine species, the genetic determinants of susceptibility to remain largely unexplored. Understanding the genetics of susceptibility for pathogenesis is equally important for developing durable resistance grapevines against this pathogen.

The association of perceived health status and presence of chronic conditions with physical activity in childhood cancer survivors.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk for therapy-related late effects. Physical activity (PA) can minimize some late effects risk, but rates of PA are low in CCS. We aimed to determine how perception of survivor health status and presence of chronic conditions are associated with patient- or proxy-reported PA.

Effects of injectable trace minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, and Mn) administration on the immune response elicited by primary intranasal modified-live virus vaccination in dairy calves.

The objective was to determine the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM, containing Se, Cu, Zn & Mn) administered at the time of primary intranasal (IN) modified-live virus (MLV) vaccination of young dairy calves on the serum neutralizing antibody (SNA) titers to Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Bovine Parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPIV); cytokine expression in peripheral white blood cells, and BHV1-specific IgA titers in nasal secretions following the vaccination. A total of 60 calves (1 month old) were administered an IN MLV vaccine containing BHV1, BRSV, BPIV (Inforce 3) and randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: ITM (n = 30; Multimin90, containing Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn) or SAL (n = 30; sterile saline). There was a consistent decay in virus-specific SNA titers in both groups.

Multiplex genome editing eliminates lactate production without impacting growth rate in mammalian cells.

The Warburg effect, which describes the fermentation of glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen, is ubiquitous in proliferative mammalian cells, including cancer cells, but poses challenges for biopharmaceutical production as lactate accumulation inhibits cell growth and protein production. Previous efforts to eliminate lactate production in cells for bioprocessing have failed as lactate dehydrogenase is essential for cell growth. Here, we effectively eliminate lactate production in Chinese hamster ovary and in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 by simultaneous knockout of lactate dehydrogenases and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, thereby removing a negative feedback loop that typically inhibits pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA.

Genetic profile of the whole genome sequence of African swine fever virus from the first outbreak in Malaysian Borneo.

African swine fever (ASF), a severe and highly contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of pigs, is becoming a major threat not only in Malaysia but around the world. The first confirmed case of ASF in Malaysia was reported in February 2021. Despite the emergence of ASF in Malaysia, genetic information on this causative pathogen for the local livestock is still limited.

Compartmental Models Driven by Renewal Processes: Survival Analysis and Applications to SVIS Epidemic Models.

Compartmental models with exponentially distributed lifetime stages assume a constant hazard rate, limiting their scope. This study develops a theoretical framework for systems with general lifetime distributions, modeled as transition rates in a renewal process. Applications are provided for the SVIS (Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Susceptible) disease epidemic model to investigate the impacts of hazard rate functions (HRFs) on disease control.

Ecological risk factors for the establishment of West Nile virus in Britain.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus which is emerging across Europe, largely due to climate and other environmental changes. Detection of WNV at increasingly northern latitudes raises concern that WNV may be introduced to Britain, where ecological conditions could eventually support sustained transmission. Establishment of WNV depends on spatial and temporal overlap between infectious migratory birds and native vectors.

Nation-wide cohort of device-measured sedentary time and physical activity in the USA-the Cancer Prevention Study-3 (CPS-3) Accelerometry Substudy: cohort profile.

Purpose: This paper describes the data collection and management methods for the Cancer Prevention Study-3 (CPS-3) Accelerometry Substudy, a nested cohort of device-based physical activity and sedentary time data.

Participants: US-based CPS-3 participants (initially enrolled 2006-2013) who completed the 2018 follow-up survey and had a valid email address were invited to the Accelerometry Substudy (n=109 780). Among the 23 111 participants who registered and were shipped an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer, 21 219 participants returned the device with a complete wear log (91.

Mg-dependent mechanism of environmental versatility in a multidrug efflux pump.

Tripartite resistance nodulation and cell division multidrug efflux pumps span the periplasm and are major drivers of multidrug resistance among gram-negative bacteria. Cations, such as Mg, become concentrated within the periplasm and, in contrast to the cytoplasm, its pH is sensitive to conditions outside the cell. Here, we reveal an interplay between Mg and pH in modulating the structural dynamics of the periplasmic adapter protein, AcrA, and its function within the prototypical AcrAB-TolC multidrug pump from Escherichia coli.

Contextualizing the Upper Paleolithic of the Armenian Highlands: New data from Solak-1, central Armenia.

As a potential corridor connecting Southwest Asia with western and northern Europe, the Armenian Highlands and southern Caucasus hold great potential for increasing our understanding of Upper Paleolithic behavioral and cultural variability. However, given the dearth of Upper Paleolithic sites, we lack the data necessary to answer basic questions regarding the timing and nature of the Upper Paleolithic in this region. Solak-1 is an open-air site located along the upper Hrazdan Valley (1635 m above sea level) in central Armenia.

Spaceflight alters protein levels and gene expression associated with stress response and metabolic characteristics in human cardiac spheroids.

Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) possess tremendous advantage for cardiac regeneration. However, cell survival is challenging upon cell transplantation. Since microgravity can profoundly affect cellular properties, we investigated the effect of spaceflight on hiPSC-CMs.

A Kinetic Enhanced Tuck Jump Assessment Exposes Residual Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 9 Months Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Kember, LS, Riehm, CD, Schille, A, Slaton, JA, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Residual biomechanical deficits identified with the tuck jump assessment in female athletes 9 months after ACLR surgery. J Strength Cond Res 38(12): 2065-2073, 2024-Addressing biomechanical deficits in female athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is crucial for safe return-to-play.

Annual Survey of State and Territorial Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Capacity and Organizational Development Needs-United States, 2023.

Objective: The National Association of Chronic Disease Directors (NACDD) is a nonprofit organization that supports state and territorial chronic disease prevention and health promotion efforts through capacity building and technical assistance. Each year, NACDD surveys health department leaders who oversee chronic disease prevention and health promotion (hereafter, Chronic Disease Directors). We have previously used the annual survey results to inform strategic planning and resource allocation but have not historically published key findings in the peer-reviewed literature.

Are Department Heads Ready for Change? Leveraging a Leadership Action Team to Advance Teaching Evaluation Practices.

Teaching evaluation at many institutions is insufficient to support, recognize, and reward effective teaching. We developed a long-term intervention to support science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) department heads in advancing teaching evaluation practices. We describe the intervention and systematically investigate its impact on departmental practices within a research-intensive university.

A Kinetic Enhanced Tuck Jump Assessment Exposes Residual Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 9 Months Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Kember, LS, Riehm, CD, Schille, A, Slaton, JA, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Residual biomechanical deficits identified with the tuck jump assessment in female athletes 9 months after ACLR surgery. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Addressing biomechanical deficits in female athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is crucial for safe return-to-play.

Identification of Butyrylcholinesterase-Derived Small Molecule Peptides Indicative of Novichok Nerve Agent Exposures.

Novichok nerve agents, such as A-230, A-232, and A-234, were classified as Schedule 1 chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) following poisoning incidents in 2018. As a result, the production, storage, and use of these chemicals are strictly prohibited by CWC signatory nations. The identification of biomarkers indicating Novichok exposure in humans is crucial for prompt detection and response to potential incidents involving these banned chemical weapons.

Stereospecific Resistance to N2-Acyl Tetrahydro-β-carboline Antimalarials Is Mediated by a PfMDR1 Mutation That Confers Collateral Drug Sensitivity.

Half the world's population is at risk of developing a malaria infection, which is caused by parasites of the genus . Currently, resistance has been identified to all clinically available antimalarials, highlighting an urgent need to develop novel compounds and better understand common mechanisms of resistance. We previously identified a novel tetrahydro-β-carboline compound, PRC1590, which potently kills the malaria parasite.

Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of isolated from pullets through final raw product in the processing plant of a conventional broiler complex: a longitudinal study.

Unlabelled: are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, entero-invasive foodborne bacteria and are frequently detected in chicken houses and facilities of poultry broiler complexes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, critical entry points, and movement pattern of along different stages of a complex. A total of 1,071 environmental samples were collected from 38 production houses (8 pullet, 10 breeder, and 20 broiler), a hatchery, 6 transport trucks, and a processing plant.

A Hospital Resource for Nurses Navigating Doctoral Education and Beyond.

Advancing nursing practice to improve care and system outcomes requires doctoral-prepared nurses to conduct programs of research and translate science to practice. The authors describe a Doctoral support group (DSG) at one hospital designed to support nurses considering and navigating doctoral education while continuing as hospital employees. Strategies from 18 years' experience are provided for others to develop and sustain a DSG as part of an environment to support and retain nurses with doctoral degrees.