Effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on migraine - a critical review.

Background: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used and are among the most significant achievements of modern pharmacology. Their primary purpose is treating and preventing gastric acid-related disorders. Migraine and PPI intake are prevalent, and many people are affected by both.

Digital twin driven electrode optimization for wearable bladder monitoring via bioimpedance.

Monitoring fluid intake and output for congestive heart failure (CHF) patients is an essential tool to prevent fluid overload, a principal cause of hospital admissions. Addressing this, bladder volume measurement systems utilizing bioimpedance and electrical impedance tomography have been proposed, with limited exploration of continuous monitoring within a wearable design. Advancing this format, we developed a conductivity digital twin from radiological data, where we performed exhaustive simulations to optimize electrode sensitivity on an individual basis.

MetaQ: fast, scalable and accurate metacell inference via single-cell quantization.

To overcome the computational barriers of analyzing large-scale single-cell sequencing data, we introduce MetaQ, a metacell algorithm that scales to arbitrarily large datasets with linear runtime and constant memory usage. Inspired by cellular development, MetaQ conceptualizes each metacell as a collective ancestor of biologically similar cells. By quantizing cells into a discrete codebook, where each entry represents a metacell capable of reconstructing the original cells it quantizes, MetaQ identifies homogeneous cell subsets for efficient and accurate metacell inference.

COVID-19 and influenza vaccine Hesitancy among adults hospitalized in the United States, 2019-2022.

Background: Understanding similarities and differences between hesitancy for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines could facilitate strategies to improve public receptivity toward vaccination.

Methods: We compared hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines during the first 13 months of availability (January 2021-January 2022) with hesitancy for influenza vaccines in the 15 months prior to COVID-19 vaccine availability (October 2019-December 2020) among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 21 hospitals in the United States. We interviewed patients regarding vaccination status, willingness to be vaccinated, and perceptions of vaccine safety and efficacy.

Balloon-mounted versus self-expandable stent in failed neurothrombectomy: a post hoc analysis of the SAINT study.

Background: Previous studies have shown that when thrombectomy has failed, rescue intracranial stenting is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with failed reperfusion. However, comparative data regarding stent type are lacking.

Objective: To compare the procedural and clinical outcomes of balloon-mounted stents (BMS) with those of self-expandable stents (SES).

Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy.

Background: The contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.

Methods: EVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy.

Wound Care in Venous Disease and Lymphedema.

The circulatory and lymphatic systems play vital roles at the capillary level and throughout our bodies. Venous disease can lead to water-rich edema which this fluid is removed by an intact lymphatic system. However, if the lymphatic system is constantly tasked with removing edema, it can becomes damaged over time.

Postpartum Dams Exposed to a Low-Resource Environment Display Neuroinflammation, Elevated Corticosterone, and Anhedonia-like Behavior.

Women living in an impoverished environment after birth have an increased risk of developing postpartum depression (PP-Dep) and hypertension (PP-HTN). The mechanisms underlying these heightened risks are unknown and understudied. To examine the relation between reduced environmental resources, PP-Dep, and PP-HTN; postpartum rodent dams were exposed to the low-resource limited bedding and nesting (LBN) chronic stress model during weaning.

Report on the Development of the Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics' Academic "Accreditation Standards for Advanced Practice Doctoral Education in Nutrition and Dietetics".

The dietetics profession is facing a shortage of registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) with a terminal degree. The need for doctoral prepared RDNs was augmented with the entry-level RDN requiring a graduate degree and exacerbated by the number of retirees from the baby boomer generation. Advanced practice doctoral (APD) programs can assist in meeting the increased need for doctoral prepared RDNs.

Quantification of Escherichia coli transfer from plastic mulch to field-grown tomatoes and bell peppers.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) prohibits distribution of fruit that is dropped from the plant and contacts the ground during harvest. This includes fruit which contacts the ground while attached to the plant, called "drooping" fruit. In the Southeastern US, tomato and pepper are trellised and grown on plastic mulch.

Outcome measures in rodent models for spinal cord injury and their human correlates.

Pre-clinical research is intended to inform clinical research, however, communication between these researchers is lacking. A better understanding of what can be learned from animal and human models and what cannot, is essential. This includes a better understanding of where underlying constructs in outcome measures in rodents and humans align and where they diverge to improve dialogue between human and animal researchers.

Unlocking insights: Clinical associations from the largest 6-minute walk test collection via the my Heart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study, a fully digital smartphone platform.

Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a prognostic sub-maximal exercise test used clinically as a measure of functional capacity. With the emergence of advanced sensors, 6MWTs are being performed remotely via smartphones and other devices. The My Heart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study is a smartphone application that serves as a digital platform for studies of human cardiovascular health, and has been used to perform 30,475 6MWTs on 8922 unique participants.

Expanding the flooding in Landsat across tidal systems model to Landsat 5-9 imagery for long-term marsh inundation analysis.

Tidal flooding can significantly impact vegetation pixel reflectance of coastal salt marshes, presenting a problem for remote sensing studies of these highly productive ecosystems. The current study aimed to spatially and temporally expand our previously developed Flooding in Landsat Across Tidal Systems (FLATS) model to detect and analyze the long-term changes in flooded marsh pixels in Landsat 5-9 imagery. As the FLATS index is only calibrated for Landsat 8, our goal was to expand the use of FLATS to a greater range of Landsat imagery and facilitate the masking of flooded pixels in long-term time series of vegetation indices.

On-Demand Photoactivation of DNA-Based Motor Motion.

A major challenge in the field of synthetic motors relates to mimicking the precise, motion of biological motor proteins, which mediates processes such as cargo transport, cell locomotion, and cell division. To address this challenge, we developed a system to control the motion of DNA-based synthetic motors using light. DNA motors are composed of a central chassis particle modified with DNA "legs" that hybridize to RNA "fuel", and move upon enzymatic consumption of RNA.

Modular Metabolic Engineering of for Enhanced Production of Ursolic Acid.

Ursolic acid, a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other bioactive properties, holds significant potential for use in nutritional supplements and drug development. However, its extraction from medicinal plants is inefficient due to low yield and dependence on seasonality and geography. Herein, we use modular metabolic engineering to enhance ursolic acid production in by dividing the biosynthetic pathway into five modules.

Global natural history infrastructure requires international solidarity, support, and investment in local capacity.

Amid global challenges like climate change, extinctions, and disease epidemics, science and society require nuanced, international solutions that are grounded in robust, interdisciplinary perspectives and datasets that span deep time. Natural history collections, from modern biological specimens to the archaeological and fossil records, are crucial tools for understanding cultural and biological processes that shape our modern world. At the same time, natural history collections in low and middle-income countries are at-risk and underresourced, imperiling efforts to build the infrastructure and scientific capacity necessary to tackle critical challenges.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment.

Pre-exposure antibody prophylaxis protects macaques from severe influenza.

Influenza virus pandemics and seasonal epidemics have claimed countless lives. Recurrent zoonotic spillovers of influenza viruses with pandemic potential underscore the need for effective countermeasures. In this study, we show that pre-exposure prophylaxis with broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) MEDI8852 is highly effective in protecting cynomolgus macaques from severe disease caused by aerosolized highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection.

Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.

The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep () are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by ancient herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, and growth rate.

Anemia during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes in Georgia-A birth registry-based cohort study.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is an important public health challenge; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in Georgia. We assessed the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy across Georgia and the association between anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes.

Methods: We used data from the Georgian Birth Registry and included pregnant women who delivered between January 1, 2019, and August 31, 2022 (n = 158,668).

Oxygen-binding proteins aid oxygen diffusion to enhance fitness of a yeast model of multicellularity.

Oxygen availability is a key factor in the evolution of multicellularity, as larger and more sophisticated organisms often require mechanisms allowing efficient oxygen delivery to their tissues. One such mechanism is the presence of oxygen-binding proteins, such as globins and hemerythrins, which arose in the ancestor of bilaterian animals. Despite their importance, the precise mechanisms by which oxygen-binding proteins influenced the early stages of multicellular evolution under varying environmental oxygen levels are not yet clear.

A novel machine learning-based cancer-specific CVD risk score among patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer.

Background: Cancer patients have up to a 3-fold higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. Traditional CVD risk scores may be less accurate for them. We aimed to develop cancer-specific CVD risk scores and compare them with conventional scores in predicting 10-year CVD risk for patients with breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer (CRC), or lung cancer (LC).