A Quantitative Analysis of Human and Material Resources for Endoscopy Services in Pacific Island Countries.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the current state of endoscopy services in Pacific Island Countries (PICs) by quantifying human and material resources, including the number of trained endoscopists and nurses, the types of procedures performed, and the availability and maintenance of endoscopic equipment.

Methods And Results: A mixed methods survey was conducted in 2023, targeting doctors and nurses who participated in the WGO-FNU-ANZGITA endoscopy training program as well as non-participants. Survey invitations were sent through email, WhatsApp, and Facebook Messenger.

The gut microbiomes of Channel Island foxes and island spotted skunks exhibit fine-scale differentiation across host species and island populations.

California's Channel Islands are home to two endemic mammalian carnivores: island foxes () and island spotted skunks (). Although it is rare for two insular terrestrial carnivores to coexist, these known competitors persist on both Santa Cruz Island and Santa Rosa Island. We hypothesized that examination of their gut microbial communities would provide insight into the factors that enable this coexistence, as microbial symbionts often reflect host evolutionary history and contemporary ecology.

Drivers of geophagy by red brocket deer () at Amazonian interior forest mineral licks.

Mineral licks are key ecological components of the Amazon rainforest, providing critical dietary functions for herbivorous and frugivorous mammals and birds, which help maintain the structure and function of the forest itself through seed and nutrient dispersal. One of the most frequent visitors of interior forest mineral licks in the Amazon is the red brocket deer (), a large-bodied ruminant frugivore and seed predator. While several hypotheses for the drivers of geophagy exist, including mineral supplementation, toxin adsorption, and habitat selection, robust data on geophagy for the red brocket deer for large numbers of mineral licks is nonexistent.

Chemometric sensing of stereoisomeric compound mixtures with a redox-responsive optical probe.

The analysis of mixtures of chiral compounds is a common task in academic and industrial laboratories typically achieved by laborious and time-consuming physical separation of the individual stereoisomers to allow interference-free quantification, for example using chiral chromatography coupled with UV detection. Current practice thus impedes high-throughput and slows down progress in countless chiral compound development projects. Here we describe a chemometric solution to this problem using a redox-responsive naphthoquinone that enables chromatography-free click chemistry sensing of challenging mixtures.

Intussusception in an elderly female and its management: A case report and literature review.

Intussusception is the telescoping or invagination of the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent section. It is rare in adults, accounting for 1% of adult bowel obstruction. Adult presentation of intussusception is variable, with nonspecific, vague symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and rectal bleeding.

The Curiosity Rover's Exploration of Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars: An Overview of the Campaign and Scientific Results.

The Mars Science Laboratory rover, , explored the clay mineral-bearing Glen Torridon region for 1 Martian year between January 2019 and January 2021, including a short campaign onto the Greenheugh pediment. The Glen Torridon campaign sought to characterize the geology of the area, seek evidence of habitable environments, and document the onset of a potentially global climatic transition during the Hesperian era. roved 5 km in total throughout Glen Torridon, from the Vera Rubin ridge to the northern margin of the Greenheugh pediment.

Impact of Virtual Interviewing on Geographic Placement for Cardiology Fellowship Recruitment.

Background Virtual interviewing for cardiology fellowship was instituted in the 2021 fellowship application cycle because of the COVID-19 pandemic and restricted travel. The impact on geographic patterns of fellow-training program matching is unknown. This study sought to determine if there was a difference in geographic placement of matched fellows for cardiology fellowship match after initiation of virtual interviews compared with in-person interviewing.

A neglected conceptual problem regarding phenotypic plasticity's role in adaptive evolution: The importance of genetic covariance and social drive.

There is tantalizing evidence that phenotypic plasticity can buffer novel, adaptive genetic variants long enough to permit their evolutionary spread, and this process is often invoked in explanations for rapid adaptive evolution. However, the strength and generality of evidence for it is controversial. We identify a conceptual problem affecting this debate: recombination, segregation, and independent assortment are expected to quickly sever associations between genes controlling novel adaptations and genes contributing to trait plasticity that facilitates the novel adaptations by reducing their indirect fitness costs.

Hatching date influences winter habitat occupancy: Examining seasonal interactions across the full annual cycle in a migratory songbird.

Birds experience a sequence of critical events during their life cycle, and past events can subsequently determine future performance via carry-over effects. Events during the non-breeding season may influence breeding season phenology or productivity. Less is understood about how events during the breeding season affect individuals subsequently in their life cycle.

Effect of metformin on the high-density lipoprotein proteome in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have normal or elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), however, the function of HDL, partly mediated by the HDL proteome, may be impaired. Metformin can be used as an adjunct therapy in youth with T1D, but its effects on the HDL proteome are unknown.

Objective: To determine the effect of metformin on the HDL proteome.

Rapid organocatalytic chirality analysis of amines, amino acids, alcohols, amino alcohols and diols with achiral iso(thio)cyanate probes.

The widespread occurrence and significance of chiral compounds does not only require new methods for their enantioselective synthesis but also efficient tools that allow rapid determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and overall concentration of nonracemic mixtures. Although chiral analysis is a frequently encountered challenge in the chemical, environmental, materials and health sciences it is typically addressed with slow and laborious chromatographic or NMR spectroscopic techniques. We now show with almost 40 analytes representing 5 different compound classes, including mono-alcohols which are particularly challenging sensing targets, that this task can be solved very quickly by chiroptical sensing with a single, readily available arylisocyanate probe.

The Impact of a Medical Education Research Faculty Development Program on Career Development, Through the Lens of Social Cognitive Career Theory.

Objectives: The Medical Education Research Certificate at the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (MERC at CORD), a specialized adaptation of the Association of American Medical Colleges MERC program, provides faculty development in education research in emergency medicine. However, its long-term influence on career development remains unknown. Our study explored the impact of MERC at CORD on career development through the lens of social cognitive career (SCC) theory.

Characterization of floral insect community and activity of three native bees.

(black willow) is a widespread tree that hosts many species of polylectic hymenopterans and oligolectic bees of the genus . The early flowering of makes it an important nutritive resource for arthropods emerging from hibernation. However, since is dioecious, not all insect visits will lead to successful pollination.

A Functional Model for Unifying Brain Computer Interface Terminology.

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is a critical area both for researchers and clinical practitioners. The IEEE P2731 working group is developing a comprehensive BCI lexicography and a functional model of BCI. The glossary and the functional model are inextricably intertwined.

Evidence for a Diagenetic Origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and Synthesis of 's Exploration Campaign.

This paper provides an overview of the rover's exploration at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) and summarizes the science results. VRR is a distinct geomorphic feature on lower Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) that was identified in orbital data based on its distinct texture, topographic expression, and association with a hematite spectral signature. conducted extensive remote sensing observations, acquired data on dozens of contact science targets, and drilled three outcrop samples from the ridge, as well as one outcrop sample immediately below the ridge.

Sphenopalatine ganglion block in primary headaches: An American Headache Society member survey.

Background: The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), in the pterygopalatine fossa, is a known current and historical target for therapeutic intervention in headache disorders because of its role in cranial autonomics and vasodilation. There remains an overall lack of well-established SPG treatment protocols, particularly with the advent of newer commercial devices.

Methods: A 22 multiple-choice question survey was created to evaluate clinical practice patterns with SPG block and sent to members of the American Headache Society (AHS).

Posttransplant Outcomes in Older Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Driven by Non-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Factors.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is growing in the United States, especially among the elderly. Older patients are increasingly receiving transplants as a result of HCC, but the impact of advancing age on long-term posttransplant outcomes is not clear. To study this, we used data from the US Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium of 4980 patients.