Subclonal somatic copy number alterations emerge and dominate in recurrent osteosarcoma.

Multiple large-scale tumor genomic profiling efforts have been undertaken in osteosarcoma, however, little is known about the spatial and temporal intratumor heterogeneity and how it may drive treatment resistance. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 37 tumor samples from eight patients with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. Each patient had at least one sample from a primary site and a metastatic or relapse site.

Expanding access to cancer peer support: development of a website to deliver written peer support that meets patients' individual emotional and informational needs while reducing potential harms.

Cancer patients often want information from "peers" with the same diagnosis or treatment. To increase access to this valuable resource, we developed a website to deliver written peer support to cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplant. Because little evidence describes how to optimize benefits or reduce potential harms of written peer support, we gathered multiple forms of stakeholder feedback to inform the website's ethical approach, personalization, design, function, and content: a Community Advisory Board; a longitudinal study of patients' written peer support needs and motivations; focus groups; semi-structured interviews; and usability testing.

The actual and anticipated effects of restrictions on flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems: a scoping review.

Objective: To synthesize the outcomes of policy evaluations of flavoured electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) restrictions.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science before May 3, 2022.

Study Selection: Studies that report sales, behaviour, or compliance outcomes related to implemented or hypothetical ENDS flavour restrictions.

An exploration of flavours in studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: secondary analyses of a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Aims: To estimate associations between e-cigarette flavour and smoking cessation and study product use at 6 months or longer.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a living systematic review, with meta-analyses and narrative synthesis, incorporating data up to January 2022. Included studies provided people who smoked combustible cigarettes with nicotine e-cigarettes for the purpose of smoking cessation compared with no treatment or other stop smoking interventions.

The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults.

Introduction: To help offset the increased price of cigarettes and promote brand loyalty, tobacco companies distribute coupons, particularly to price-sensitive consumers. Few studies, however, have examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and smoking cessation.

Aims And Methods: Using adult data from waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we examined the longitudinal association between coupon receipt and short-term smoking cessation.

Determinants of fluconazole resistance and echinocandin tolerance in isolates causing a large clonal candidemia outbreak among COVID-19 patients in a Brazilian ICU.

Patients presenting with severe COVID-19 are predisposed to acquire secondary fungal infections such as COVID-19-associated candidemia (CAC), which are associated with poor clinical outcomes despite antifungal treatment. The extreme burden imposed on clinical facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a permissive environment for the emergence of clonal outbreaks of multiple species, including and . Here we report the largest clonal CAC outbreak to date caused by fluconazole resistant (FLZR) and echinocandin tolerant (ECT) .

Determinants of fluconazole resistance and the efficacy of fluconazole and milbemycin oxim combination against clinical isolates from Brazil and Turkey.

Fluconazole-resistant (FLZR-CP) outbreaks are a growing public health concern and have been reported in numerous countries. Patients infected with FLZR-CP isolates show fluconazole therapeutic failure and have a significantly increased mortality rate. Because fluconazole is the most widely used antifungal agent in most regions with outbreaks, it is paramount to restore its antifungal activity.

Optimizing use of written peer support as a supportive resource in cancer: Focus group insights.

Purpose: Cancer survivors frequently describe wanting to learn from others who have had similar diagnoses or treatments (peer support). We conducted focus groups to investigate hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors' attitudes and preferences regarding accessing written peer support through a website. Although written peer support does not allow for interpersonal interactions with peers, it could increase transplant recipients' access to evidence-based benefits of informational and emotional peer support.

Apical lung mass-A rare presentation of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells with clinical features resulting from infiltration of plasma cells into bones and other organs. Multiple myeloma manifesting as an apical lung mass is less common and very few cases have been reported. We report the case of a 50-year-old female who presented with an apical lung mass which happened to be multiple myeloma arising from the upper ribs into the lung.

An analysis of cigarette sales during Poland's menthol cigarette sales ban: small effects with large policy implications.

Background: In May 2020, the European Union Tobacco Products Directive mandated that EU member states, including Poland, ban the sale of menthol cigarettes. With menthol making up 28% of cigarette sales before the ban, Poland is the country with likely the largest menthol cigarette sales share in the world to ban their sale. We analyze how this ban changed the Polish tobacco market.

Using Regulatory Stances to See All the Commercial Determinants of Health.

Unlabelled: Policy Points The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) concept, which currently focuses on markets that harm health, should be expanded to refer to the interface between commerce and health, which can sometimes have positive public health consequences. The regulatory stances framework helps us classify public health preferences for regulating specific markets related to CDoH, based on the intended effects of regulations on market size. The regulatory stances a jurisdiction can adopt can be classified as ranging from prohibitionist through contractionist, permissive, and expansionist, to universalist.

Comparative genomic analysis of clinical isolates identifies multiple polymorphic loci that can improve existing multilocus sequence typing strategy.

is the second leading cause of candidemia in many countries and is one of the most concerning yeast species of nosocomial importance due to its increasing rate of antifungal drug resistance and emerging multidrug-resistant isolates. Application of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to clinical isolates revealed an association of certain sequence types (STs) with drug resistance and mortality. The current MLST scheme is based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six loci and is therefore relatively laborious and costly.

Development of Novel Immunoprophylactic Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, including multidrug resistance in Gram-negative (G-) bacterial pathogens, poses a critical challenge to the current antimicrobial armamentarium. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), primarily used in anticancer therapy, offer a promising treatment alternative due to their ability to deliver a therapeutic molecule while simultaneously activating the host immune response. The Cloudbreak platform is being used to develop ADCs to treat infectious diseases, composed of a therapeutic targeting moiety (TM) attached via a noncleavable linker to an effector moiety (EM) to treat infectious diseases.

An Expert Elicitation on the Effects of a Ban on Menthol Cigarettes and Cigars in the United States.

Introduction: The US Food and Drug Administration announced its intention to ban menthol in cigarettes. However, information is needed on how a federal ban would affect population health.

Aims And Methods: We conducted an expert elicitation to gauge the impact of a menthol cigarette and cigar ban in the United States.

Distribution of Estimated Lifetime Breast Cancer Risk Among Women Undergoing Screening Mammography.

Supplemental screening breast MRI is recommended for women with an estimated lifetime risk of breast cancer of greater than 20-25%. The performance of risk prediction models varies for each individual and across groups of women. The present study investigates the concordance of three breast cancer risk prediction models among women presenting for screening mammography.

A novel diagnostic test to screen SARS-CoV-2 variants containing E484K and N501Y mutations.

Spike protein mutations E484K and N501Y carried by SARS-CoV-2 variants have been associated with concerning changes of the virus, including resistance to neutralizing antibodies and increased transmissibility. While the concerning variants are fast spreading in various geographical areas, identification and monitoring of these variants are lagging far behind, due in large part to the slow speed and insufficient capacity of viral sequencing. In response to the unmet need for a fast and efficient screening tool, we developed a single-tube duplex molecular assay for rapid and simultaneous identification of E484K and N501Y mutations from nasopharyngeal swab (NS) samples within 2.

Mixed-methods economic evaluation of the implementation of tobacco treatment programs in National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers.

Background: The Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) was launched in 2017 as a part of the NCI Cancer Moonshot program to assist NCI-designated cancer centers in developing tobacco treatment programs for oncology patients. Participating centers have implemented varied evidence-based programs that fit their institutional resources and needs, offering a wide range of services including in-person and telephone-based counseling, point of care, interactive voice response systems, referral to the quitline, text- and web-based services, and medications.

Methods: We used a mixed methods comparative case study design to evaluate system-level implementation costs across 15 C3I-funded cancer centers that reported for at least one 6-month period between July 2018 and June 2020.

Patients' preferences for delaying metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Combining health state and treatment valuation.

Purpose: Men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) experience disease progression at different rates. The purpose of this study was to quantify the strength of patient preferences for delaying prostate cancer progression utilizing a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and valuing 3 health states in the continuum of CRPC.

Patients And Methods: Men with CRPC, recruited from US patient panels, completed a cross-sectional web-based survey.

Viral Suppression Is Associated with HIV Treatment Self-Efficacy in a Cohort of Women in Washington, DC.

The goal of HIV treatment is viral suppression as it is linked with improved health outcomes and decreased risk of viral transmission. We assessed the sociodemographic, behavioral, and patient-provider interaction associations with viral suppression with an administered survey to HIV-seropositive women in the metropolitan Washington, DC, site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) between 2017 and 2018. Logistic and mixed models were used to explore related factors between HIV viral suppression groups and HIV treatment self-efficacy, respectively.

DNA damage response of major fungal pathogen Candida glabrata offers clues to explain its genetic diversity.

How cells respond to DNA damage is key to maintaining genome integrity or facilitating genetic change. In fungi, DNA damage responses have been extensively characterized in the model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is generally not pathogenic. However, it is not clear how closely these responses resemble those in fungal pathogens, in which genetic change plays an important role in the evolutionary arms race between pathogen and host and the evolution of antifungal drug resistance.

Overcoming Disparities in Cancer: A Need for Meaningful Reform for Hispanic and Latino Cancer Survivors.

Hispanic and Latino (HL) cancer survivors are at a critical disadvantage compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients regarding sociodemographic adversities and access to equitable treatment options. By 2030, there will be about four million HL cancer survivors in the U.S.

Margetuximab plus pembrolizumab in patients with previously treated, HER2-positive gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CP-MGAH22-05): a single-arm, phase 1b-2 trial.

Background: Margetuximab, a novel, investigational, Fc-engineered, anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, is designed to more effectively potentiate innate immunity than trastuzumab. We aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and antitumour activity of margetuximab plus pembrolizumab (an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody) in previously treated patients with HER2-positive gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: CP-MGAH22-05 was a single-arm, open-label, phase 1b-2 dose-escalation and cohort expansion study done at 11 academic centres in the USA and Canada and 15 centres in southeast Asia (Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore) that enrolled men and women aged 18 years or older with histologically proven, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, HER2-positive, PD-L1-unselected gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, who had progressed after at least one previous line of therapy with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in the locally advanced unresectable or metastatic setting.

The actual and anticipated effects of a menthol cigarette ban: a scoping review.

Background: The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, banned characterizing flavors in cigarettes; however, mentholated tobacco products were exempt. Since 2009, over 20 US jurisdictions and numerous countries around the world have extended this restriction to menthol. Currently, the FDA is reconsidering its position on a nation-wide menthol cigarette ban.