Four broad temperament dimensions: description, convergent validation correlations, and comparison with the Big Five.

A new temperament construct based on recent brain physiology literature has been investigated using the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI). Four collections of behaviors emerged, each associated with a specific neural system: the dopamine, serotonin, testosterone, and estrogen/oxytocin system. These four temperament suites have been designated: (1) Curious/Energetic, (2) Cautious/Social Norm Compliant, (3) Analytical/Tough-minded, and (4) Prosocial/Empathetic temperament dimensions.

Comedonal and Cystic Fibrofolliculomas in Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome.

Importance: The differential diagnosis of extensive open comedones includes inherited genetic syndromes and several acquired conditions. Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHD) is not typically included in the differential diagnosis of syndromes with comedonal lesions. Given the potentially life-threatening systemic complications associated with BHD, early recognition and diagnosis of the condition is important.

Cutaneous findings in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: Cutaneous findings associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) remain largely undescribed in the literature, yet are substantial and correlative with disease course.

Objective: To catalog the clinical findings of cutaneous eruptions associated with HLH.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients meeting the criteria for HLH at two hospitals over 5 years.

Meta-analysis of the effects of lifestyle modifications on coronary and carotid atherosclerotic burden.

Lifestyle modifications are the crux of atherosclerotic disease management. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of diet and exercise in decreasing coronary and carotid atherosclerotic burden. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of intensive lifestyle measures on atherosclerotic progression in coronary and carotid arteries as measured by baseline and follow-up quantitative coronary angiogram and ultrasonographic carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT), respectively, were included.

Maintenance therapy with capecitabine in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma after adjuvant therapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The 5-year survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is below 25%. The original Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG) adjuvant study demonstrated a survival benefit attributed to weekly intravenous boluses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 2 years in addition to chemoradiation compared to surgery alone. In theory, the prolonged exposure to therapy could maintain pressure on dormant cancer cells that remain in G0 arrest and kill them as they infrequently enter the G1/S phase.

The spectrum of electrocardiographic manifestations of acute myocarditis: an expanded understanding.

Background And Purpose: Descriptions of the significance of ST segment or QRS abnormalities in myocarditis are limited because documentation of the diagnosis has previously required myocardial biopsy. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T2 weighted imaging in the midventricular wall on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) has a very good positive predictive value for the diagnosis of myocarditis. We hypothesized to reexplore the diagnostic value of these electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in myocarditis by utilizing CMRI as the reference standard.

Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson's disease.

Implicit sequence learning involves learning about dependencies in sequences of events without intent to learn or awareness of what has been learned. Sequence learning is related to striatal dopamine levels, striatal activation, and integrity of white matter connections. People with Parkinson's disease (PD) have degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons, leading to dopamine deficiency and therefore striatal deficits, and they have difficulties with sequencing, including complex language comprehension and postural stability.

Evaluation and management of congenital bleeding disorders.

Patients presenting to the emergency department with acute bleeding and a history of clotting or platelet disorder present a unique challenge to the emergency physician. The severity of bleeding presentation is based on mechanism as well as factor levels: patients with factor levels greater than 5% can respond to most minor hemostatic challenges, whereas those with factor levels less than 1% bleed with minor trauma or even spontaneously. Treatment should be initiated in consultation with the patient's hematologist using medications and specific factor replacement, except in rare, life-threatening, resource-poor situations, when cryoprecipitate or activated prothrombin complex may be considerations.

Integra® bilayer wound matrix application for complex lower extremity soft tissue reconstruction.

Integra® Bilayer Wound Matrix is composed of cross-linked bovine tendon collagen and glycosaminoglycan with a semi-permeable polysiloxane membrane. This bioengineered tissue provides a matrix for organized cellular migration and proliferation needed to facilitate wound healing while minimizing an inflammatory response. The scaffold provided by Integra® Bilayer Wound Matrix is particularly helpful for building a durable base for coverage of deep soft tissue defects in wounds of all types.

Oral pigmentation in McCune-Albright syndrome.

Importance: The differential diagnosis for oral lentigines includes several syndromes with important associated systemic findings. McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), a mosaic condition associated with café au lait pigmentation, is not typically considered a mucosal lentiginosis syndrome. The clinical phenotype of MAS is variable because of mosaicism, but oral pigmentation developing in mid-childhood to early adulthood should be recognized as a clinical feature of MAS.

Frameless fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas: a single-institution experience.

Objective: To examine tumor control, hearing preservation, and complication rates after frameless fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Methods: Thirty-seven patients treated with fractionated SRS from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety-five percent were treated with 25 Gy in five fractions, targeting a median tumor volume of 1.

Substance use and attitudes on professional conduct among medical students: a single-institution study.

Objective: This study sought to examine how specific substance-use behavior, including nonmedical prescription stimulant (NPS) use, among U.S. medical students correlates with their attitudes and beliefs toward professionalism.