1,462 results match your criteria: "Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science & Security.[Affiliation]"

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed for the prediction of social behaviors which could be reasonably understood from patient-reported information. This raises novel ethical concerns about respect, privacy, and control over patient data. Ethical concerns surrounding clinical AI systems for social behavior verification can be divided into two main categories: (1) the potential for inaccuracies/biases within such systems, and (2) the impact on trust in patient-provider relationships with the introduction of automated AI systems for "fact-checking", particularly in cases where the data/models may contradict the patient.

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  • Exposure to ionizing radiation causes cellular and molecular damage, leading to tissue and organ injury, which we examined in rhesus macaques exposed to lethal doses of radiation (7.2 Gy and 7.6 Gy).
  • We analyzed blood samples collected before and after exposure using advanced mass spectrometry techniques, focusing on identifying metabolic changes related to radiation exposure, especially in preterminal samples (just before death).
  • Our findings revealed significant metabolic disruptions, particularly in sphingolipid metabolism, which could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting lethality in radiation exposure situations, aiding in disaster response planning.
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Background: Gene copy number gain (CNG) is a continuous variable. The relevant cutpoint for HER2, KRAS and MET CNG in non-mall cell lung cancer remains uncertain. As de novo driver oncogenes are largely mutually exclusive, oncogene overlap analysis can be used to explore CNG thresholds.

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  • * The ASCEND trial included adults aged 18-65 who had a history of migraines, and participants could self-administer the drug up to 12 times a month for their attacks.
  • * Results showed that 14.3% of migraine attacks treated with STS101 led to mild or moderate side effects, while the drug effectively reduced pain quickly, achieving significant relief within 24 hours in many cases.
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  • * Recent efforts to stop smoking haven't been put into action yet, and it’s important to see what could happen if smoking rates stay the same or improve.
  • * Researchers used models to predict health outcomes by 2050 based on different scenarios of smoking rates, showing that cutting smoking could greatly improve health and life expectancy.
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  • Scientists did a big survey with over 59,000 people from 63 countries to understand how people think about climate change!
  • They tested different ways to encourage people to believe in climate change and support actions to help the environment!
  • The study includes lots of information and data that can help others learn more about what influences people's actions on climate change around the world!
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  • IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis with nephritis are kidney conditions that can occur in kids, but they're pretty rare.
  • Unlike adults, children often show more severe symptoms quickly, like blood in their urine, and their kidneys look more inflamed when doctors check.
  • There's not a lot of good information on how to treat these conditions because they're different in kids, and experts from around the world are trying to figure out better ways to help affected children.
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  • A study investigated long-term body weight changes in people with HIV (PWH) who switched to antiretroviral therapies containing integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), comparing them with those on non-INSTI therapies and people without HIV (PWOH).
  • The analysis included 3464 participants and revealed that women experienced significantly greater weight gain and increases in hip and thigh circumference after switching to INSTIs compared to men, with women gaining +3.0 kg and men +1.8 kg over 5 years.
  • The findings suggest a 2-fold higher weight change in women versus men following the switch to INSTIs, although the long-term health implications of this difference are still uncertain.
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AESurv: autoencoder survival analysis for accurate early prediction of coronary heart disease.

Brief Bioinform

September 2024

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health issue in the U.S., and improved prediction models could help in early detection and intervention.
  • Researchers developed a deep learning autoencoder survival analysis model (AESurv) that analyzes DNA methylation and clinical data to predict CHD events more accurately.
  • The AESurv model outperformed traditional survival analysis models in two studies, showing strong potential for improving early CHD prediction and aiding healthcare professionals in managing patient care.
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  • The study investigates how substance use impacts menopausal symptoms in people living with and without HIV in the US over a 12-year period.
  • Data from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study involved self-reported information on menopausal symptoms, substance use, and demographic data analyzed using logistic regression.
  • Findings reveal that current heavy alcohol, cumulative tobacco, and marijuana use are linked to increased frequency of vasomotor symptoms, while heavy alcohol and opioid use are associated with mood symptoms, highlighting the need for targeted interventions during menopause.
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  • Acne scarring is caused by inflammation from acne, resulting in depressed scars; a new 2910 nm fiber laser is being tested for treatment, delivering low-energy pulses to enhance skin texture.
  • In a study with 14 participants, subjects received three laser treatments, and results were evaluated through digital imaging and a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, showing a 47.3% improvement in scars three months post-treatment.
  • The findings suggest that the 2910 nm fiber laser is both safe and effective for enhancing the appearance of acne scars, with only mild side effects reported during the study.
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  • Researchers studied strokes from 1990 to 2021 to understand how many people get them and how they are affected around the world.
  • In 2021, strokes caused about 7.3 million deaths and were a major cause of health problems, especially in specific regions like Southeast Asia and Oceania.
  • There are differences in stroke risks based on where people live and their age, and some areas actually saw more strokes happening since 2015.
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Objectives: Parents are integral to the development and overall well-being of their child. Previous research has studied the emotional effects parenting experiences have on parents. However, parents caring for children with disabilities have unique parenting experiences, filled with both victories and challenges.

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Research Agenda and Applications for Preliminarily Validated Measures of d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Stigma.

Ear Hear

September 2024

Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Business Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.

In this special supplement of Ear and Hearing, we have presented preliminarily validated measures for stigma related to being d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH) in the United States and Ghana. In this concluding article, we suggest avenues for the future refinement and use of these measures. First, the measures should be further validated.

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  • - Ageism negatively impacts the well-being and health of older individuals, particularly in relation to hearing loss, where fear of ageism can delay diagnosis and treatment, as well as hinder the use of hearing devices.
  • - This study sought to address the lack of data on ageism and hearing loss stigma by adapting and validating measures of ageism through surveys targeting various groups, including older adults with acquired hearing loss, their caregivers, healthcare providers, and the general public.
  • - Preliminary results show that among older adults with acquired hearing loss, social stigma and employment discrimination can be measured reliably, revealing a moderate correlation between these two aspects of stigma.
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Objectives: In this article, we examine the psychometric performance of 3 scales measuring experienced, perceived, and internalized d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH) stigma among adult (18 and older) populations of individuals who are d/DHH, including those who have been d/DHH since before they developed language (lifelong) and those who became d/DHH after they developed language (acquired) in the United States and Ghana.

Design: The preliminary validation study took place in the Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana and across the United States. In the United States, all data were collected online via self-administered surveys in English.

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People who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH) often experience stigma and discrimination in their daily lives. Qualitative research describing their lived experiences has provided useful, in-depth insights into the pervasiveness of stigma. Quantitative measures could facilitate further investigation of the scope of this phenomenon.

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Partnership status among sexual minority men (SMM) is a potentially important yet underexplored predictor of cognitive functioning. Using data from the understanding patterns of healthy aging among men who have sex with men substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we assessed the associations of partnership status and quality with cognitive performance in middle-aged and older SMM, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Partnership status was classified into four types: "only a primary partnership," "only a secondary partnership," "both a primary and secondary relationship," and "neither a primary nor secondary relationship.

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