Current Scenario in Associating Clinical COVID-19 Biomarkers for Developing Surveillance Platforms.

The novel coronavirus that caused the epidemic and pandemic resulting in the acute respiratory illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has plagued the world. This is unlike other coronavirus outbreaks that have occurred in the past, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 has spread more quickly and posed special challenges due to the lack of appropriate treatments and vaccines.

Eustress responses of Musa acuminata cv. red banana using LED spectra.

This study examined the impacts of different LED spectra on the growth of in vitro cultures of Musa acuminata cv. red banana and their biochemical profile, including the antioxidant enzymes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, photosynthetic pigment and accumulation of total carbohydrate content. The far-red LEDs significantly increase shoot elongation (10.

Comparative Safety of Istradefylline Among Parkinson Disease Adjunctive Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

Introduction: Adjunctive therapies to treat OFF episodes resulting from long-term levodopa treatment in Parkinson disease (PD) are hampered by safety and tolerability issues. Istradefylline offers an alternative mechanism (adenosine A2A receptor antagonist) and therefore potentially improved tolerability.

Methods: A systematic review of PD adjuncts published in 2011 was updated to include randomized controlled trials published from January 1, 2010-April 15, 2019.

Floodplain forests drive fruit-eating fish diversity at the Amazon Basin-scale.

Unlike most rivers globally, nearly all lowland Amazonian rivers have unregulated flow, supporting seasonally flooded floodplain forests. Floodplain forests harbor a unique tree species assemblage adapted to flooding and specialized fauna, including fruit-eating fish that migrate seasonally into floodplains, favoring expansive floodplain areas. Frugivorous fish are forest-dependent fauna critical to forest regeneration via seed dispersal and support commercial and artisanal fisheries.

Controllable -Polarized Spin Current in Artificially Structured Ferromagnetic Oxide with Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling.

Realizing field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin-orbit torques is crucial for developing advanced magnetic memory and logic devices. However, existing methods often involve complex designs or hybrid approaches, which complicate fabrication and affect device stability and scalability. Here, we propose a novel approach using -polarized spin currents for deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization through interfacial engineering.

Stress Management Program for Scanxiety in People With Advanced Lung Cancer: Intervention Adaptation and Stakeholder Feedback.

Background: Although scanxiety is common and impactful for people with advanced lung cancer, few interventions address this psychosocial concern.

Aims: To create a stress management program for scanxiety.

Methods: We conducted a structured intervention adaptation process guided by the ADAPT-ITT framework.

Transcranial Doppler Arterial Pressure Gradient Is Associated With Delayed Infarction After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: While the pulsatility index (PI) measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) has broader associations with outcomes in neurocritical care, its use in monitoring delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not endorsed by current clinical guidelines. Recognizing that arterial pressure gradient (ΔP) can be estimated using PI, we investigated the potential significance of TCD-estimated ΔP.

Methods: In this observational study of 186 SAH patients, we recorded the mean cerebral blood flow velocity (mCBFV) and PI values from the middle cerebral artery, along with corresponding blood pressures.

Dosimetric and On-treatment Clinical Results of a Volumetric-based Skin-sparing Planning Technique for Patients Treated to the Breast and Chest Wall With Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton Therapy.

Purpose: This study evaluates the hypothesis that a volumetric skin-sparing planning technique (SSPT) will reduce acute dermatitis in patients treated to the breast or chest wall (CW) with proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS).

Methods And Materials: In January 2022, our center incorporated volumetric-based skin-sparing objectives in addition to skin hot spot evaluation as an SSPT. The SSPT incorporated an objective to limit the volume of a skin evaluation structure (skin-eval) receiving 95% of the prescription dose or more (V95%Rx) to ideally < 50%.

A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.

Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive guanine to adenine mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, hypermutated sequences are routinely excluded from phylogenetic trees because their extensive mutations complicate phylogenetic inference, and as a result, we know relatively little about their within-host evolutionary origins and dynamics. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV sequences isolated from six women over a median of 18 years of follow-up-including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median of 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median of 9 years on ART-we evaluated three approaches for masking hypermutation in nucleotide alignments.

External Validation of SHAPE Score: A Score to Predict Low-Risk Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Emergency Department.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) frequently leads to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, encompassing a spectrum of outcomes from spontaneous resolution to intrahospital mortality. The purpose of this study was to validate a scoring system designed to identify cases of low-risk LGIB, allowing for safe discharge from the ED. A retrospective analysis of all gastrointestinal bleeding cases presented at three EDs in 2020 was conducted, focusing specifically on patients with LGIB.

Challenging Extraction and Replacement of an Eight-year-old Nanostim Leadless Pacemaker and AVEIR Implant.

Leadless pacemakers (LPs) are emerging options for bradyarrhythmias. However, extraction can be risky if the device is in an unfavorable position. We present a challenging case of a Nanostim LP (NLP) (Abbott Medical Inc.

Informing a sinusitis clinical trial protocol: A focus group study with clinicians and staff.

This study investigates practicing clinician and staff perspectives on potential protocol modifications for the "Nasal Irrigation, Oral Antibiotics, and Subgroup Targeting for Effective Management of Acute Sinusitis" (NOSES) study, a pragmatic randomized controlled trial aiming at improving acute rhinosinusitis management. Focus groups with clinicians and staff at the pretrial stage recommended expanding participant age inclusion criteria, incorporating patients with COVID-19, and shortening the supportive care phase. Participants also discussed patient engagement and recruitment strategies.

Prevention and Management of Posterior Wound Complications Following Oncologic Spine Surgery: Narrative Review of Available Evidence and Proposed Clinical Decision-Making Algorithm.

Study Design: Narrative Review.

Objective: Contextualized by a narrative review of recent literature, we propose a wound complication prevention and management algorithm for spinal oncology patients. We highlight available strategies and motivate future research to identify optimal and individualized wound management for this population.

Proteomic signature of HIV-associated subclinical left atrial remodeling and incident heart failure.

People living with HIV are at higher risk of heart failure and associated left atrial remodeling compared to people without HIV. Mechanisms are unclear but have been linked to inflammation and premature aging. Here we obtain plasma proteomics concurrently with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in two independent study populations to identify parallels between HIV-related and aging-related immune dysfunction that could contribute to atrial remodeling and clinical heart failure.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Part II: Etiopathogenesis and Management.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) poses a distinct dermatological challenge with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at its core, driving follicular cell transformation and fibrotic changes. Genetic studies highlight significant associations, while environmental triggers, such as implicated cosmetic products (sunblock, personal hair care products, and moisturizers), introduce complexity. Managing FFA proves daunting due to its chronic and unpredictable nature.

The impact of an All-Hazard mass casualty event on emergency department operations: A retrospective study.

Background: Mass Casualty Events (MCI) which have a direct and persisting impact on the safety and well-being of an emergency department (ED) and its staff, secondary to specific targeting of the healthcare setting, represent a distinct and complex operational challenge. ED physicians may be faced with the prospect of providing ongoing patient care while simultaneously experiencing direct threats to their own health or physical safety. In our study we considered the unique operational challenges encountered, and management strategies adopted, by the ED staff and its leadership to an all-hazard MCI impacting an academic urban emergency department.

Nivolumab combination therapies in patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: the phase II FRACTION gastric cancer study.

Background: Nivolumab-based therapies are efficacious with acceptable safety in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). Novel nivolumab-based combination immunotherapies may offer enhanced efficacy in these indications. FRACTION-GC was a signal-seeking, randomized, open-label, phase II adaptive-design trial assessing efficacy and safety of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab [cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody], relatlimab (lymphocyte-activation gene 3 antibody), or IDO1i (BMS986205, an indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 inhibitor) in patients with unresectable, advanced/metastatic GC/GEJC.

Opioid-Sparing Protocols in Hand Surgery: Successes and Opportunities.

The opioid epidemic has been a defining crisis in American health care. Many attempts to address the epidemic have focused on issues around opioid prescribing. Legislation at the state and federal levels has been passed; however, the results from these policies have been mixed.

Sex Differences in Management, Time to Intervention, and In-Hospital Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Non-Myocardial Infarction Related Cardiogenic Shock.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality, particularly in women. With early intervention being a cornerstone of CS management, this study aims to explore whether sex differences exist in the utilization of critical interventions, timing of treatment, and in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and non-AMI-CS. For this retrospective cohort study, we queried the National Inpatient Sample (years 2016-2021) for CS-related hospitalizations.

Beta-Blockers in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The benefit of beta-blockers (BBs) for myocardial infarction (MI) patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is uncertain. While beneficial for a reduced LVEF, their efficacy with a preserved LVEF, especially with modern revascularization, is unclear. A PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis utilized PubMed and EMBASE.

Right-lateralization of the visual word form area after left-hemisphere perinatal stroke.

In literate adults, an area along the left posterior fusiform gyrus that is often referred to as the "visual word form area" (VWFA) responds particularly strongly to written characters compared to other visually similar stimuli. Theoretical accounts differ in whether they attribute the strong left-lateralization of the VWFA to a left-hemisphere bias towards visual features used in script, to competition of visual word form processing with that of other visual stimuli processed in the same general cortical territory (especially faces), or to the well-established left-lateralization of the language system.Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the last hypothesis by investigating lateralization of the VWFA in participants (male and female) who have right-hemisphere language due to a large left-hemisphere perinatal stroke.

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma. Part I. Epidemiology, Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis.

This review article focuses on acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), a rare cutaneous malignancy and the least common subtype of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). ALM exhibits distinct characteristics, such as low overall mutation rates and increased chromosomal alterations. It is associated with worse prognosis, more advanced disease, and lower survival rates compared to other CMM subtypes.