Short-term androgen deprivation therapy combined with radiotherapy as salvage treatment after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 16): a 112-month follow-up of a phase 3, randomised trial.

Background: Radiotherapy is the standard salvage treatment after radical prostatectomy. To date, the role of androgen deprivation therapy has not been formally shown. In this follow-up study, we aimed to update the results of the GETUG-AFU 16 trial, which assessed the efficacy of radiotherapy plus androgen suppression versus radiotherapy alone.

Somatic substitution signature as an innovative tool in lung cancer diagnosis.

Diagnosis of lung cancer can sometimes be challenging and is of major interest since effective molecular-guided therapies are available. Compounds of tobacco smoke may generate a specific substitutional signature in lung, which is the most exposed organ. To predict whether a tumor is of lung origin or not, we developed and validated the EASILUNG (Exome And SIgnature LUNG) test based on the relative frequencies of somatic substitutions on coding non-transcribed DNA strands from whole-exome sequenced tumors.

Prognostic value of transcriptomic determination of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in localised breast cancer.

Purpose: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) detection by histology is associated with outcomes in breast cancer; nevertheless, analysis standardisation is difficult. We determined whether transcriptomic data could generate a genomic signature that estimated TIL infiltrates and determined patient prognosis in localised breast cancer.

Experimental Design: Using 1928 transcriptomic profiles of pure cells, we generated a genetic signature specific to lymphocyte, myeloid, stromal and cancer cells.

Incidence, Patterns, and Outcomes with Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive Urinary Tract Cancers.

Background: Patients with residual muscle-invasive urinary tract cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have a high risk of recurrence.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate whether additional adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves outcomes compared with surveillance in patients with significant residual disease despite NAC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We identified 474 patients who received NAC from the Retrospective International Study of Cancers of the Urothelium database, of whom 129 had adverse residual disease (≥ypT3 and/or ypN).

Biological correlates of tumor perfusion and its heterogeneity in newly diagnosed breast cancer using dynamic first-pass F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study is to analyze the global tumor blood flow (BF) and its heterogeneity in newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) according to tumor biological characteristics and molecular subtypes. These perfusion parameters were compared to those classically derived from metabolic studies to investigate links between perfusion and metabolism.

Methods: Two hundred seventeen newly diagnosed BC patients underwent a F-FDG PET/CT exam before any treatment.

Functionalization of theranostic AGuIX® nanoparticles for PET/MRI/optical imaging.

A novel trifunctional imaging probe containing a chelator of radiometal for PET, a NIR heptamethine cyanine dye, and a bioconjugatable handle, has been grafted onto AGuIX® nanoparticles a Michael addition reaction. The resulting functionalized nanoparticles have been fully characterized, radiolabelled with Cu, and evaluated in a mice TSA tumor model using multimodal (PET/MRI/optical) imaging.

Quality Assurance of Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy in a Randomized Trial for Locally Advanced Oesophageal cancer.

Purpose: The ongoing phase 2/3 PRODIGE 26/CONCORDE trial compares chemoradiation therapy with and without dose escalation in patients with locally advanced or unresectable esophageal cancer. The results of a benchmark case procedure are reported here to evaluate the protocol compliance of participating centers as part of quality assurance for radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: Volume delineation, target coverage, and dose constraints to the organs at risk (OARs) were assessed on treatment plans of a common benchmark case performed by each participating center.

Optimized fractionated radiotherapy with anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT: a promising new combination.

Purpose/objective: Radiotherapy (RT) induces an immunogenic antitumor response, but also some immunosuppressive barriers. It remains unclear how different fractionation protocols can modulate the immune microenvironment. Clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in association with RT.

The 6th R of Radiobiology: Reactivation of Anti-Tumor Immune Response.

Historically, the 4Rs and then the 5Rs of radiobiology explained the effect of radiation therapy (RT) fractionation on the treatment efficacy. These 5Rs are: Repair, Redistribution, Reoxygenation, Repopulation and, more recently, intrinsic Radiosensitivity. Advances in radiobiology have demonstrated that RT is able to modify the tumor micro environment (TME) and to induce a local and systemic (abscopal effect) immune response.

Patterns of Bone Failure in Localized Prostate Cancer Previously Irradiated: The Preventive Role of External Radiotherapy on Pelvic Bone Metastases.

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) can cure localized prostate cancer (PCa) by sterilizing cancer cells in the prostate gland and surrounding tissues at risk of microscopic dissemination. We hypothesized that pelvic EBRT for localized PCa might have an unexpected prophylactic impact on the occurrence of pelvic bone metastases. We reviewed the data of 332 metastatic PCa patients.

RILA blood biomarker as a predictor of radiation-induced sarcoma in a matched cohort study.

Purpose: Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a rare but serious event. Its occurrence has been discussed during the implementation of new radiation techniques and justified appropriate radioprotection requirements. New approaches targeting intrinsic radio-sensitivity have been described, such as radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) able to predict late radio-induced toxicities.

Modular Assembly of Multimodal Imaging Agents through an Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction.

The combination of two imaging probes on the same biomolecule gives access to targeted bimodal imaging agents that can provide more accurate diagnosis, complementary information, or that may be used in different applications, such as nuclear imaging and fluorescence guided surgery. In this study, we demonstrate that dichlorotetrazine, a small, commercially available compound, can be used as a modular platform to easily assemble various imaging probes. Doubly labeled tetrazines can then be conjugated to a protein through a biorthogonal IEDDA reaction.

Functionalization of Gadolinium Chelates Silica Nanoparticle through Silane Chemistry for Simultaneous MRI/Cu PET Imaging.

Multimodal nanoprobes are highly demanded for biomedical imaging applications to enhance the reliability of the diagnostic results. Among different types of nano-objects, ultrasmall silica gadolinium nanoparticle (SiGdNP) appears as a safe, effective, and versatile platform for this purpose. In this study, a new method to functionalize SiGdNP based on silane chemistry has been reported.

Neoadjuvant vs. Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC): Analysis From the RISC Database.

MIBC is an aggressive disease, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 36 to 48% for p T3/p T4/p N+tumors. Perioperative treatment can improve overall survival, with more robust evidence in favor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Few randomized studies have compared neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in bladder cancer.

Continuation of Bevacizumab vs Cetuximab Plus Chemotherapy After First Progression in KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The UNICANCER PRODIGE18 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Second-line treatment with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab or cetuximab is a valid option for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 4 months with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab vs cetuximab for patients with progression of metastatic colorectal cancer after bevacizumab plus chemotherapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 2 trial was conducted from December 14, 2010, to May 5, 2015.

Salvage extended field or involved field nodal irradiation in F-fluorocholine PET/CT oligorecurrent nodal failures from prostate cancer.

Purpose: The concept of metastasis-directed therapy for nodal oligorecurrences with stereotactic body radiotherapy is increasingly accepted. Hence, the comparison between salvage extended field radiotherapy (s-EFRT) and salvage involved field radiotherapy (s-IFRT) in patients with F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT+ nodal oligorecurrences from prostate cancer is worthy of investigation.

Methods: Patients with oligorecurrent nodes on FCH PET/CT treated with salvage radiotherapy between 2009 and 2017 in a single tertiary cancer centre were selected for this study.

Localized Myxofibrosarcomas: Roles of Surgical Margins and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the outcome and prognostic factors for adults treated for localized myxofibrosarcoma.

Methods And Materials: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of 425 nonmetastatic patients who underwent surgery between January 1996 and December 2015 in French National Group and were enrolled in the Conticabase. Pathologic diagnosis was systematically reviewed by expert pathologists.

Exome Analysis Reveals Genomic Markers Associated with Better Efficacy of Nivolumab in Lung Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only one-quarter of patients benefit from these new therapies. PD-L1 assessment and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are available tools to optimize use of checkpoint inhibitors but novel tools are needed.

Site-Specific Dual Labeling of Proteins on Cysteine Residues with Chlorotetrazines.

Dual-labeled biomolecules constitute a new generation of bioconjugates with promising applications in therapy and diagnosis. Unfortunately, the development of these new families of biologics is hampered by the technical difficulties associated with their construction. In particular, the site specificity of the conjugation is critical as the number and position of payloads can have a dramatic impact on the pharmacokinetics of the bioconjugate.