Expert Rater Agreement for Symptoms and Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Youth.

The diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in young children has been a topic of debate, in part owing to varied interpretation of manic-like symptoms. We examined how expert academic clinicians participating in the pediatric bipolar biobank varied in their interpretation and application of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria and diagnoses. Study co-investigators reviewed 12 standardized narratives and for each marked a visual analog scale with their confidence in the presence of manic episodes and criteria.

Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.

Quantity of Caloric Support After Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Description of Associated Outcomes in a Single Retrospective Center Cohort, 2010-2022.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between adequacy of caloric nutritional support during the first week after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and outcome.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort, 2010-2022.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital with a level 1 trauma center.

Transtracheal Ultrasound as a Preventive Tool for ETT Related Adverse Events and Malpositioning in the ICU.

Introduction: Endotracheal tube (ETT) malpositioning can result in a myriad of complications. Daily chest radiographs (CXR) is the gold standard in monitoring these complications. Point-of-care transtracheal ultrasound (TTUS) is an emerging imaging modality for ETT positioning.

Lebrikizumab decreases type 2 inflammatory biomarker levels in patients with asthma: data from randomized phase 3 trials (LAVOLTA I and II).

Aim: Lebrikizumab is an interleukin (IL)-13 inhibitor that specifically blocks IL-13 signaling. Here, we report the effects of lebrikizumab on asthma serum biomarkers in 2 phase 3 clinical studies.

Methods: LAVOLTA I and LAVOLTA II are replicate, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with 52-week placebo-controlled treatment periods that evaluated lebrikizumab 37.

Efficacy of priming and commitment posters on urgent care patients' antibiotic expectations and knowledge: a cluster randomized trial.

Objective: Successfully educating urgent care patients on appropriate use and risks of antibiotics can be challenging. We assessed the conscious and subconscious impact various educational materials (informational handout, priming poster, and commitment poster) had on urgent care patients' knowledge and expectations regarding antibiotics.

Design: Stratified Block Randomized Control Trial.

Fresh vs. frozen: pregnancy outcomes and treatment efficacy between fresh embryo transfer vs. untested freeze-all cycles.

Objective: To compare pregnancy outcomes after single blastocyst embryo transfer among patients whose first autologous embryo transfer was either a fresh embryo transfer or a frozen embryo transfer (FET) after a freeze-all, in the absence of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting: National multicenter fertility practice.

One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction.

Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Exploring the role of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the clinical features and survival in locally advanced cervical cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been linked to cervical cancer (CC), but few have described the clinical and outcome features of patients with CC and EBV infection.

Methods: We conducted a single-center matched cohort study on 94 patients with CC. Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1) and (Latent membrane protein 1).

No prediction without prevention: A global qualitative study of attitudes toward using a prediction tool for risk of developing depression during adolescence.

Given the rate of advancement in predictive psychiatry, there is a threat that it outpaces public and professional willingness for use in clinical care and public health. Prediction tools in psychiatry estimate the risk of future development of mental health conditions. Prediction tools used with young populations have the potential to reduce the worldwide burden of depression.

Challenges in establishing small animal models for : Host specificity and resistance to infection in rodent hosts.

This study explores potential small animal models for the dog hookworm, , a parasitic nematode which has repeatedly exhibited the ability to develop resistance to a range of anthelmintics. Immunomodulated hamsters, gerbils, rats, and mice were infected with Despite varying degrees of immunosuppression, and in some cases, total adaptive immunodeficiency, no adult worms were recovered, and larval arrest (L3 stage) occurred in muscle tissue of mice and hamsters. This highlights the strict host specificity of and emphasizes the challenges of developing rodent models usable for anthelmintic testing with a strict specialist parasite.

Coffee drinking timing and mortality in US adults.

Background And Aims: To identify the patterns of coffee drinking timing in the US population and evaluate their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study included 40 725 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 who had complete information on dietary data and 1463 adults from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Study who had complete data on 7-day dietary record. Clustering analysis was used to identify patterns of coffee drinking timing.

Chronic viral mimicry induction following p53 loss promotes immune evasion.

Epigenetic therapies facilitate transcription of immunogenic repetitive elements that cull cancer cells through 'viral mimicry' responses. Paradoxically, cancer-initiating events also facilitate transcription of repetitive elements. Contributions of repetitive element transcription towards cancer initiation, and the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade lethal viral mimicry responses during tumor initiation remain poorly understood.

Randomized, observer-blind, controlled Phase 1 study of the safety and immunogenicity of the Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel hookworm vaccine with or without a CpG ODN adjuvant in hookworm-naïve adults.

Background: Recombinant Necator americanus Glutathione-S-Transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) formulated on Alhydrogel (Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel) is being developed to prevent anemia and other complications of N. americanus infection. Antibodies induced by vaccination with recombinant Na-GST-1 are hypothesized to interfere with the blood digestion pathway of adult hookworms in the host.

Delayed diagnosis of multiple myeloma in a young patient: a call for vigilance in diagnosis.

Multiple myeloma is a rare haematologic malignancy, representing about 1-2% of all cancers and 17% of haematologic malignancies in the US, predominantly affecting older adults and more common in African Americans (AAs) and men. Light-chain multiple myeloma, a subtype accounting for 15% of multiple myeloma cases, often has a more aggressive clinical course. This case report discusses a rare case of an AA female in her early 30s, diagnosed with light-chain multiple myeloma following a pathological rib fracture.

Evaluating an urgent care antibiotic stewardship intervention: a multi-network collaborative effort.

Objective: Urgent care centers (UCCs) have reported high rates of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections. Prior UCC studies have generally been limited to single networks. Broadly generalizable stewardship efforts targeting common diagnoses are needed.

Protocol for generating and characterizing a nasal epithelial model using imaging with application for respiratory viruses.

Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture can differentiate airway epithelial cells to recapitulate the respiratory tract in vitro. Here, we present a protocol for isolating and culturing nasal epithelial cells from turbinate tissues for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We describe steps to overcome challenges of imaging fragile cultures, detect the production of mucus, and quantify intracellular virus post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Examining Infant and Child Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Lyme Disease During Pregnancy.

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Recent environmental and socioecological changes have led to an increased incidence of Lyme and other tick-borne diseases, which enhances the urgency of identifying and mitigating adverse outcomes of Lyme disease exposure. Lyme disease during pregnancy, especially when untreated, may lead to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes; however, long-term child outcomes following utero exposure to Lyme disease have not yet been systematically assessed.

An Overview on Renal and Central Regulation of Blood Pressure by Neuropeptide FF and Its Receptors.

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is an endogenous octapeptide that was originally isolated from the bovine brain. It belongs to the RFamide family of peptides that has a wide range of physiological functions and pathophysiological effects. NPFF and its receptors, NPFFR1 and NPFFR2, abundantly expressed in rodent and human brains, participate in cardiovascular regulation.

Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams-Evidence of Benefits? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Venous thromboembolisms constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality with 60,000 to 100,000 deaths attributed to pulmonary embolism in the US annually. Both clinical presentations and treatment strategies can vary greatly, and the selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy is often provider specific. A pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) offers a multidisciplinary approach to clinical decision making and the management of high-risk pulmonary emboli.

Methodological Variation Among Studies Evaluating Pain Processing in Tendinopathy: A Scoping Review.

Tendinopathy is a condition associated with pain and limited function. While upper and lower extremity tendinopathies may have different functional implications, there have been a number of reports supporting different patterns of dysfunction in pain processing and inhibition. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the methods across studies examining pain processing in patients with upper and lower extremity tendinopathy.

Injury Patterns and Associated Demographic Characteristics in Children with a Fracture from Equines: A US National Based Study.

Background: Fractures often occur due to equestrian activities with injury patterns varying by age. The purpose of this study was to investigate in detail fracture patterns and associated demographics in children due to equine activities.

Materials: The US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for all injuries with the consumer product code 1239 (horseback riding) from 2000 to 2023.