Perceptions and intentions regarding IQOS among current US adults who use cigarettes and/or electronic nicotine delivery systems.

Introduction: IQOS was sold in the US in 2019-2021 and will likely return in 2024. It is important to anticipate IQOS' market penetration; thus, this study examined US adults' prior awareness and perceptions, intentions to try and reactions to an IQOS reduced-risk exposure statement.

Methods: 61 adults from three US cities were recruited to represent four tobacco use subgroups: current cigarette and never electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use; current cigarette and discontinued ENDS use; current cigarette and ENDS use; and former cigarette use and switched to ENDS.

Development and application of decontamination methods for the re-use of laboratory grade plastic pipette tips.

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a need for methods to decontaminate and reuse personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical plastics became a priority. In this investigation we aimed to develop a contamination evaluation protocol for laboratory pipette tips, after decontamination. Decontamination methods tested in this study included cleaning with a common laboratory detergent (2.

Psychosocial and Behavioral Impacts of the Mpox Outbreak among People with and without HIV in the United States.

Over 32,000 mpox cases were identified in the United States (US) within one year of the start of the global outbreak in 2022. Research on how the mpox outbreak affected individuals' lives is limited. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional survey data collected from 60 participants in August 2022 to (1) describe mpox-related psychosocial and behavioral impacts among adults in the US and (2) explore differences in mpox-related impacts by HIV status.

Pediatric T-lymphoblastic Leukemia With an Entirely Mature Immunophenotype: A Prompt and Challenging Diagnosis.

Children with T-ALL/LBL require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of T-lineage and immaturity markers usually leads to a straightforward diagnosis. However, rare cases of T-ALL expressing bright CD45 and lacking expression of immature markers can be a diagnostic conundrum and difficult to differentiate from mature T-cell lymphomas lacking surface CD3 expression or aberrantly expressing immature markers, which affects treatment decisions and prognosis.

Iliofemoral Venous Thrombectomy and Angioplasty in a Patient Following Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant: A Case Report.

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation is a recognized treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering significant survival benefits. However, it is associated with a higher risk of venous thrombosis, which can jeopardize the survival of the pancreaticoduodenal graft. This case report describes a patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and ESRD who developed acute, occlusive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involving the right common femoral, profunda femoral, and greater saphenous veins on postoperative day 1 (POD1) following a deceased donor SPK transplant, despite systemic prophylactic anticoagulation.

Brain development using a multicomponent intravenous lipid emulsion in preterm infants.

Background: Intravenous lipid emulsions are an essential component of nutritional support for very preterm infants. Many neonatal intensive care units have transitioned from traditional soybean oil-only to fish oil-containing multicomponent lipid emulsions, but the neurodevelopmental implications have not been well-explored. The primary aim of this study was to assess extrauterine third trimester brain growth in very preterm infants supported with soybean oil-only compared to fish-oil containing multicomponent lipid emulsions; white matter development and neurobehavioral regulation at term were also investigated.

Factors Associated with Pediatric Drowning-Associated Lung Injury.

Objective: To identify risk factors for clinically-important drowning-associated lung injury (ciDALI) in children.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of children (0 through18 years) who presented to 32 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 through 2017. We reviewed demographics, comorbidities, prehospital data, chest radiographs reports, and ED course from emergency medical services, medical, and fatality records.

The impact of training intervention on levels of indicator bacteria and prevalence of selected pathogens in raw milk from smallholder women dairy farmers in Central Ethiopia.

Contamination of milk is a serious public health risk, particularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Training is a tool for improving the quality and safety of milk. However, its effect on the microbial quality and safety of milk has not been well documented.

Adaptation of a HIV Prevention Mobile App for Transmasculine People: A Pilot Acceptability and Feasibility Study.

Purpose: Using a community-engaged approach, we adapted a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention smartphone app, Transpire, to meet the HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention needs of transgender men and other transmasculine people. We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the app among participants in two cities in the southeastern United States.

Methods: Participants were recruited online and through community partners.

Association of Obesity on Rates of Multiglandular Disease in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is more prevalent in populations with obesity. Obesity-related vitamin D deficiency may affect rates of multigland parathyroid disease, but this relationship is less clear. We aimed to assess the relationship between obesity and the rate of multigland disease in patients with PHPT.

Outcomes Comparison of Endovascular and Open Surgical Approaches for Subclavian Arterial Injury: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: The management of patients with subclavian artery injury is rapidly evolving from an open to an endovascular approach. We aim to present an analysis of management and a comparison of outcomes according to the type of approach used to treat these challenging injuries.

Methods: Adult patients with subclavian arterial injuries were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database from 2012 to 2014 and 2016 to 2021.

Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium scoring in patients with non-small cell lung cancer using initial staging computed tomography.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising 85% of cases. Due to the lack of early clinical signs, metastasis often occurs before diagnosis, impacting treatment and prognosis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity in lung cancer patients, with shared risk factors exacerbating outcomes.

Utilizing active learning and attention-CNN to classify vegetation based on UAV multispectral data.

This paper presents a deep learning model based on an active learning strategy. The model achieves accurate identification of vegetation types in the study area by utilizing multispectral data obtained from preprocessing of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing equipment. This approach offers advantages such as high data accuracy, mobility, and easy data collection.

Prostate luminal cell plasticity and cancer.

Cellular plasticity in prostate cancer promotes treatment resistance. Several independent studies have used mouse models, single-cell RNA sequencing, and genetic lineage tracing approaches to characterize cellular differentiation and plasticity during prostate organogenesis, homeostasis and androgen-mediated tissue regeneration. We review these findings and recent work using immune-competent genetically-engineered mouse models to characterize cellular plasticity and clonal dynamic changes during prostate cancer progression.

Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Interactions: Mechanistic Implications for Cholangiocarcinoma Development, Immune Resistance, and Therapy.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly malignant carcinoma of bile duct epithelial cells with a poor prognosis. The major risk factors of CCA carcinogenesis and progression are cholestatic liver diseases. The key feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis is chronic cholestasis, which means a slowdown of hepatocyte secretion of biliary lipids and metabolites into bile as well as a slowdown of enterohepatic circulation (bile acid recirculation) of bile acids with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, which was shown to lead to enterohepatic recirculation and an increase of toxic secondary bile acids.

Associations of blood pressure with white matter hyperintensities later in life; influence of short-term menopausal hormone therapy.

Objective: To assess the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in recently menopausal women with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume later in life and determine whether short-term menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) modifies these associations.

Methods: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 4-year mHT trial (oral conjugated equine estrogens or transdermal 17β-estradiol). KEEPS continuation was an observational follow-up of the participants 10 years after the end of mHT.

Survey of Orthopedic Surgeons' Perceptions of Adopting an Initiative With Cemented Hip Hemiarthroplasties for Fractures.

Introduction: Hip hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure that requires the adhesion of the prosthetic implant by utilizing a fixation technique, either cemented or noncemented. The current literature does not provide a clear recommendation on a superior technique, although many countries outside the US have guidelines recommending cemented over noncemented procedures. Further, surgeon perceptions and beliefs related to the cemented and noncemented techniques in hip arthroplasty fractures are generally unknown.

Predicting sepsis mortality into an era of pandrug-resistant E. coli through modeling.

Background: Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly frequent, burdening healthcare systems worldwide. As pathogens acquire resistance to all known antibiotics - i.e.

Transrectal oocyte retrieval for fertility preservation in virginal women.

Research Question: How safe and effective is transrectal oocyte retrieval (TROR) for fertility preservation in nulliparous virginal women?

Design: This was a retrospective single-centre study of 105 nulliparous women from five satellite centres of Fakih IVF, UAE, who underwent TROR for oocyte cryopreservation. Extensive bowel preparation and rectal cleansing was performed prior to oocyte retrieval. Patient characteristics, stimulation protocol, and procedure outcome and safety data were collected.

An Analysis of School-Based Mental Health Models and Policies.

The youth mental health crisis in the United States was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as in part by widespread, frequent use of the internet and social media. Schools provide an opportune setting for delivering prompt preventative interventions to actively mitigate this crisis. The purpose of this project was to identify policy recommendations for improving school-based mental health services and reducing inequities in care, as well as to produce guidelines on how to advocate for better policies for school mental health services.

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency caused by a deep intronic deletion leading to aberrant splicing.

Trifunctional protein deficiency (TFP) is a disorder of fatty acid beta-oxidation associated with metabolic, cardiac, and liver dysfunction in severe forms. We present two siblings diagnosed by newborn screening and confirmed by biochemical testing at birth. Their clinical course was complicated by recurrent rhabdomyolysis, retinopathy, and hypoparathyroidism.

The Burden of Pain Symptoms in Individuals with Uterine Fibroids-Results from a Prospective Observational Study in the USA.

Purpose: To characterize the burden of uterine fibroids (UF) in individuals experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and moderate-to-severe UF-associated pain in terms of symptoms experienced, impact on work and activities, and pain medication use both on menstrual and non-menstrual days.

Patients And Methods: This prospective, real-world, observational study enrolled 350 participants in the USA with a self-reported UF diagnosis, HMB, and moderate-to-severe pain due to UF. Data collection took place from February 9 to July 19, 2021.