TROPOMI NO in the United States: A Detailed Look at the Annual Averages, Weekly Cycles, Effects of Temperature, and Correlation With Surface NO Concentrations.

Observing the spatial heterogeneities of NO air pollution is an important first step in quantifying NO emissions and exposures. This study investigates the capabilities of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) in observing the spatial and temporal patterns of NO pollution in the continental United States. The unprecedented sensitivity of the sensor can differentiate the fine-scale spatial heterogeneities in urban areas, such as emissions related to airport/shipping operations and high traffic, and the relatively small emission sources in rural areas, such as power plants and mining operations.

Engagement and Workplace Satisfaction of Emergency Medicine Faculty in the United States.

Objectives: The objective was to determine the drivers of workplace satisfaction and attrition for emergency medicine (EM) faculty in U.S. medical schools.

Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders (Strand, 1909) and (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae).

The species of the genus (Ctenidae), also called banana spiders, are considered amongst the most venomous spiders in the world. In this study we revalidate (Strand, 1909), which had been synonymized with (F.O.

Transplantation of Apoptosis-Resistant Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves Renal Function in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background Diabetic kidney disease is associated with glomerulosclerosis and poor renal perfusion. Increased capillary formation and improved perfusion may help to halt or reverse the injury. Transplanting apoptosis-resistant p53-silenced endothelial progenitor cells (p53sh-EPCs) may help improve vascularization and renal perfusion and could be more beneficial than another stem cell such as the mouse mesenchymal stromal cell (mMSC).

Trustworthy Computational Evidence Through Transparency and Reproducibility.

Many high-performance computing applications are of high consequence to society. Global climate modeling is a historic example of this. In 2020, the societal issue of greatest concern, the still-raging COVID-19 pandemic, saw a legion of computational scientists turning their endeavors to new research projects in this direction.

Biological sex differences in Alzheimer's preclinical research: A call to action.

Introduction: For decades, researchers have largely ignored sex as a biological variable (SABV) within preclinical studies. Recent literature indicates scientists are increasingly including male and female subjects in studies, but fewer studies assess for sex differences in study outcome. This is particularly concerning within the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as disease burden is higher among women and evidence suggests sex differences exist in etiology and disease course.

Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among patients in an Indian emergency department.

Objectives: HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality in low resource settings. Emergency department (ED)-based screening has proven effective in decreasing the spread of undiagnosed disease, although such programs are rare in low-middle income countries.

Methods: A prospective, cross sectional study of all adult patients presenting to the ED in a 600-bed teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu, India.

COVID-19 Pandemic Prompts a Paradigm Shift in Global Emergency Medicine: Multidirectional Education and Remote Collaboration.

To date, the practice of global emergency medicine (GEM) has involved being "on the ground" supporting in-country training of local learners, conducting research, and providing clinical care. This face-to-face interaction has been understood as critically important for developing partnerships and building trust. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant uncertainty worldwide, including international travel restrictions of indeterminate permanence.

Natural history collections are critical resources for contemporary and future studies of urban evolution.

Urban environments are among the fastest changing habitats on the planet, and this change has evolutionary implications for the organisms inhabiting them. Herein, we demonstrate that natural history collections are critical resources for urban evolution studies. The specimens housed in these collections provide great potential for diverse types of urban evolution research, and strategic deposition of specimens and other materials from contemporary studies will determine the resources and research questions available to future urban evolutionary biologists.

Educational intervention to improve pharmacist knowledge to provide care for transgender patients.

Background: Most pharmacists have not received formal training or education in the provision of care for transgender patients. Nonetheless, pharmacists have the potential to be valuable partners in the care of transgender patients, and a continuing education course might be valuable in addressing this knowledge gap.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a three-hour continuing education course in improving the knowledge of pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients.

The effect of early-stage public health policies in the transmission of COVID-19 for South American countries.

Objectives: The analysis of transmission dynamics is crucial to determine whether mitigation or suppression measures reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study sought to estimate the basic ( ) and time-varying ( ) reproduction number of COVID-19 and contrast the public health measures for ten South American countries.

Methods: Data was obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

Learner-centered Survey of Point-of-care Ultrasound Training, Competence, and Implementation Barriers in Emergency Medicine Training Programs in India.

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is important to the practice of emergency medicine (EM), but requires training to achieve competence. The purpose of this study was to describe the current state of POCUS practice and perceived barriers to the implementation in EM training programs in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey consisting of 28 questions was administered to 378 faculty and residents in postgraduate EM training programs across India.

Review of otitis media microbiome studies: What do they tell us?

Objectives: To provide a state of the art review on accruing studies focused on defining the middle ear microbiome, highlighting the relationship of the microbiome to disease pathophysiology.

Data Sources: Pubmed indexed peer-reviewed articles and published textbooks.

Review Methods: Comprehensive review of the literature using the following search terms: "microbiome" "bacterial pathogens" with the term "otitis media," and "middle ear.

Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Esophagoscopy: International Modified Delphi Consensus.

Objectives/hypothesis: Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric esophagoscopy with foreign body removal.

Study Design: Blinded modified Delphi consensus process.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

How female × male and male × male interactions influence competitive fertilization in .

How males and females contribute to joint reproductive success has been a long-standing question in sexual selection. Under postcopulatory sexual selection, paternity success is predicted to derive from complex interactions among females engaging in cryptic female choice and males engaging in sperm competition. Such interactions have been identified as potential sources of genetic variation in sexually selected traits but are also expected to inhibit trait diversification.

Disentangling the Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdowns on Urban NO From Natural Variability.

TROPOMI satellite data show substantial drops in nitrogen dioxide (NO) during COVID-19 physical distancing. To attribute NO changes to NO emissions changes over short timescales, one must account for meteorology. We find that meteorological patterns were especially favorable for low NO in much of the United States in spring 2020, complicating comparisons with spring 2019.

Medium-Term Complications Associated With Coronary Artery Aneurysms After Kawasaki Disease: A Study From the International Kawasaki Disease Registry.

Background Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) may occur after Kawasaki disease (KD) and lead to important morbidity and mortality. As CAA in patients with KD are rare and heterogeneous lesions, prognostication and risk stratification are difficult. We sought to derive the cumulative risk and associated factors for cardiovascular complications in patients with CAAs after KD.

Maternal health training priorities for nursing and allied professions in Haiti.

Objectives: This study summarizes the findings of a training needs and priority assessment completed in Haiti. Its objective is to describe the characteristics of nursing and allied professions providing first level maternal health care and identify training needs and priorities to inform planning of Human Resources for Health interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed between October 2016 and March 2017 by the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Haiti office in collaboration with national health authorities.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for patients with HIV and haematological malignancies: a feasibility study.

Background: Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (alloBMT) is a potentially life-saving treatment for individuals with HIV and haematological malignancies; challenges include identifying donors and maintaining antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objectives of our study were to investigate interventions to expand donor options and to prevent ART interruptions for patients with HIV in need of alloBMT.

Methods: This single-arm, interventional trial took place at the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (Baltimore, MD, USA).

Using Satellites to Track Indicators of Global Air Pollution and Climate Change Impacts: Lessons Learned From a NASA-Supported Science-Stakeholder Collaborative.

The 2018 NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST) "Indicators" Tiger Team collaboration between NASA-supported scientists and civil society stakeholders aimed to develop satellite-derived global air pollution and climate indicators. This Commentary shares our experience and lessons learned. Together, the team developed methods to track wildfires, dust storms, pollen counts, urban green space, nitrogen dioxide concentrations and asthma burdens, tropospheric ozone concentrations, and urban particulate matter mortality.