Favorable 30-day outcomes of initial open inguinal hernia repair with local anesthesia among frail patients.

Background: Open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR) can be conducted under either general anesthesia (GA) or local anesthesia (LA). Despite a lack of evidence supporting improved perioperative outcomes, GA is the predominant anesthesia type used in OIHR. Frailty is defined as a clinically recognizable state of age-related increased vulnerability.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy with Roflumilast Cream 0.15% in Patients Aged ≥6 Years with Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Trial.

Safety and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% for atopic dermatitis (AD) were demonstrated in two 4-week phase 3 trials. Evaluate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.

Pathologic responses and clinical outcomes with neoadjuvant doublet chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, surgically-resectable p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

Background: The feasibility and outcomes of neoadjuvant doublet chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel followed by surgical resection of residual disease (NAC + S) for patients with newly diagnosed, resectable p16 positive (+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been reported from a single institution. Here, we report pathologic responses, need for adjuvant treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) following this treatment from a second large academic institution.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with p16 + OPSCC receiving NAC + S and risk-adjusted adjuvant treatment between January 2017 and March 2024 was performed.

What dimensions of school climate promote adaptive functioning in adolescents with ADHD? A prospective longitudinal study.

Background: The study of ADHD has predominantly focused on individual-level risk-factors, and less is known about contextual factors that promote adaptive functioning.

Aims: The present study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal association between five dimensions of school climate (academic expectations, student engagement, disciplinary structure, respect for students, willingness to seek help) and student outcomes, and whether ADHD symptom severity moderates those associations.

Methods And Procedures: Participants included 274 adolescents (45 % female) who completed assessments in 8th (T1) and 10th (T2) grades.

Quantity of Caloric Support After Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Description of Associated Outcomes in a Single Retrospective Center Cohort, 2010-2022.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between adequacy of caloric nutritional support during the first week after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and outcome.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort, 2010-2022.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital with a level 1 trauma center.

Transtracheal Ultrasound as a Preventive Tool for ETT Related Adverse Events and Malpositioning in the ICU.

Introduction: Endotracheal tube (ETT) malpositioning can result in a myriad of complications. Daily chest radiographs (CXR) is the gold standard in monitoring these complications. Point-of-care transtracheal ultrasound (TTUS) is an emerging imaging modality for ETT positioning.

Lebrikizumab decreases type 2 inflammatory biomarker levels in patients with asthma: data from randomized phase 3 trials (LAVOLTA I and II).

Aim: Lebrikizumab is an interleukin (IL)-13 inhibitor that specifically blocks IL-13 signaling. Here, we report the effects of lebrikizumab on asthma serum biomarkers in 2 phase 3 clinical studies.

Methods: LAVOLTA I and LAVOLTA II are replicate, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with 52-week placebo-controlled treatment periods that evaluated lebrikizumab 37.

Efficacy of priming and commitment posters on urgent care patients' antibiotic expectations and knowledge: a cluster randomized trial.

Objective: Successfully educating urgent care patients on appropriate use and risks of antibiotics can be challenging. We assessed the conscious and subconscious impact various educational materials (informational handout, priming poster, and commitment poster) had on urgent care patients' knowledge and expectations regarding antibiotics.

Design: Stratified Block Randomized Control Trial.

Fresh vs. frozen: pregnancy outcomes and treatment efficacy between fresh embryo transfer vs. untested freeze-all cycles.

Objective: To compare pregnancy outcomes after single blastocyst embryo transfer among patients whose first autologous embryo transfer was either a fresh embryo transfer or a frozen embryo transfer (FET) after a freeze-all, in the absence of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting: National multicenter fertility practice.

Evaluating an urgent care antibiotic stewardship intervention: a multi-network collaborative effort.

Objective: Urgent care centers (UCCs) have reported high rates of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections. Prior UCC studies have generally been limited to single networks. Broadly generalizable stewardship efforts targeting common diagnoses are needed.

Examining Infant and Child Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Lyme Disease During Pregnancy.

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Recent environmental and socioecological changes have led to an increased incidence of Lyme and other tick-borne diseases, which enhances the urgency of identifying and mitigating adverse outcomes of Lyme disease exposure. Lyme disease during pregnancy, especially when untreated, may lead to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes; however, long-term child outcomes following utero exposure to Lyme disease have not yet been systematically assessed.

An Overview on Renal and Central Regulation of Blood Pressure by Neuropeptide FF and Its Receptors.

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is an endogenous octapeptide that was originally isolated from the bovine brain. It belongs to the RFamide family of peptides that has a wide range of physiological functions and pathophysiological effects. NPFF and its receptors, NPFFR1 and NPFFR2, abundantly expressed in rodent and human brains, participate in cardiovascular regulation.

Injury Patterns and Associated Demographic Characteristics in Children with a Fracture from Equines: A US National Based Study.

Background: Fractures often occur due to equestrian activities with injury patterns varying by age. The purpose of this study was to investigate in detail fracture patterns and associated demographics in children due to equine activities.

Materials: The US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for all injuries with the consumer product code 1239 (horseback riding) from 2000 to 2023.

Ultrasound modulation of melatonin release from pineal glands in vitro.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to investigate whether therapeutic ultrasound can modulate the release of melatonin from the pineal gland-either increasing or decreasing its levels-and to assess the safety of this technique. This research could address a significant clinical need by providing a noninvasive method to potentially regulate sleep and circadian rhythms through the targeted modulation of melatonin.

Methods: Rat pineal glands were placed in a well with a Krebs Ringer Buffer solution.

Metoprolol vs diltiazem for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate: Systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events.

Background: Intravenous (IV) diltiazem and metoprolol are commonly used to achieve rate control for atrial fibrillation with RVR (Afib with RVR), and are both recommended as first-line by current guidelines. While prior studies investigated the efficacy of these medications, there is little evidence available regarding the risk of adverse events (AEs) with their use.

Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies reporting rates of AEs following administration of IV diltiazem and metoprolol for Afib with RVR by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.

Lebrikizumab is associated with improvements in patient-reported symptoms and quality-of-life measures across Eczema Area and Severity Index response categories: pooled results from phase-3 randomized ADvocate1 and ADvocate2 studies in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Background: Lebrikizumab monotherapy significantly improved signs and symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in phase 3 Advocate1 and ADvocate2 studies.

Objective: To evaluate improvements in patient-reported symptoms and quality-of-life (QoL) measures by Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) response categories using pooled Advocate1 and ADvocate2 data (post hoc analysis).

Methods: In the 52-week (W) (16-W induction + 36-W maintenance) double-blind, placebo-controlled ADvocate1 and ADvocate2 studies, patients were randomized (2:1) to receive subcutaneous lebrikizumab 250 mg or placebo every 2 weeks.

Hemorrhagic Cervical Synovial Cyst With Atypical Chest Pain Presentation.

Cervical synovial cysts are rare, especially hemorrhagic cervical synovial cysts. The patient was a 58-year-old male with a five-month history of tingling in his right shoulder region, radicular pain in his right arm, and increased pain on the right chest wall that worsened with lying supine down. The patient was diagnosed with a right-sided hemorrhagic synovial cyst at the C7-T1 level.

"Developing a manual clinical trials screening process in a diverse southern gynecologic oncology practice".

Objective: There is no standard clinical trial screening process in gynecologic oncology. In our low resource, highly diverse gynecologic oncology patient population, we sought to create an equitable, adaptable, manual screening process.

Methods: Our objective is to describe our clinical trial screening process and success in improving trial enrollment.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Hand Eczema Among Adults in Denmark: A General Population-Based Study.

Background: The epidemiology of chronic hand eczema (CHE) remains poorly examined.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of CHE in a general adult population and describe the characteristics of affected individuals.

Methods: We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of CHE using a random sample from the general Danish population (The Danish Skin Cohort).

Building a growing genomic repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium.

Background: Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Of note, prenatal Zika infection can cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including congenital Zika syndrome.

The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline on Indications for Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring in Neonates.

Purpose: Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is increasingly used in the management of neonates with seizures. There remains debate on what clinically relevant information can be gained from cEEG in neonates with suspected seizures, at high risk for seizures, or with definite seizures, as well as the use of cEEG for prognosis in a variety of conditions. In this guideline, we address these questions using American Clinical Neurophysiology Society structured methodology for clinical guideline development.

Optimizing Management of Febrile Young Infants Without Serum Procalcitonin.

Background: Febrile young infants are at risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs; bacteremia or bacterial meningitis). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines recommend that when procalcitonin testing is unavailable, C-reactive protein (CRP), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and temperature should be used to identify low-risk infants. We sought to determine the optimal combination of these inflammatory markers to predict IBI when procalcitonin is unavailable.

Genetic variants of accessory proteins and G proteins in human genetic disease.

We present a series of three articles on the genetics and pharmacogenetics of G protein- coupled receptors (GPCR). In the first article, we discuss genetic variants of the G protein subunits and accessory proteins that are associated with human phenotypes; in the second article, we build upon this to discuss "G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) gene variants and human genetic disease" and in the third article, we survey "G protein-coupled receptor pharmacogenomics". In the present article, we review the processes of ligand binding, GPCR activation, inactivation, and receptor trafficking to the membrane in the context of human genetic disease resulting from pathogenic variants of accessory proteins and G proteins.