Equity in Pediatric Hospital-Based Safety and Quality Improvement.

There are well-documented inequities in the quality of care and health outcomes of minoritized youth. Patient safety and quality improvement (QI) work with an equity focus has been identified as an important strategy to remedy these existing inequities. In this article, we will present evidence of inequities in pediatric hospital-based care, describe root causes with a focus on structural racism, highlight existing frameworks for applying equity principles to patient safety and QI, and provide best practices and recommendations on evaluating patient safety and QI data towards advancing equity in pediatric hospital-based care.

Oophorectomy Rates in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Adnexal Torsion in US Emergency Departments.

Objective: To evaluate oophorectomy rates in pediatric and adolescent patients who presented to a US emergency department with adnexal torsion METHODS: This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis utilizing the National Emergency Department Sample data from 2016 to 2018. It included patients younger than 20 years old and of the female sex. International Classification of Diseases Version 10 and ICD 10 Procedure Coding System codes were utilized to define patients with adnexal torsion who underwent adnexal surgery.

Climate emotions, thoughts, and plans among US adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional descriptive survey and analysis by political party identification and self-reported exposure to severe weather events.

Background: Climate change has adverse effects on youth mental health and wellbeing, but limited large-scale data exist globally or in the USA. Understanding the patterns and consequences of climate-related distress among US youth can inform necessary responses at the individual, community, and policy level.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive online survey was done of US youth aged 16-25 years from all 50 states and Washington, DC, between July 20 and Nov 7, 2023, via the Cint digital survey marketplace.

Phase 2 Trial of Vosoritide Use in Patients with Hypochondroplasia: A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis.

Introduction: Vosoritide is a C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog that binds its receptor on chondrocytes, promoting growth by inhibiting the ERK1/2-MAPK pathway. We previously reported the results of a phase II study in children with hypochondroplasia. Vosoritide led to an average increase in annualized height velocity (AHV) of 1.

The role of human factors engineering in patient safety.

Purpose Of Review: To explore the collaboration between human factors (HFs) experts and clinicians in order to improve perioperative patient safety.

Recent Findings: Recent recommendations to integrate human factors into anesthesia in the United Kingdom emphasizes the value of applying disciplines outside of medicine to optimize the patient experience.

Summary: Human factors engineering is underutilized worldwide.

Emergence of AI-Generated Multimedia: Visionary Physicists in Radiology Reincarnated.

AI-powered multimedia generation technologies, particularly video synthesis through stable diffusion and transformers, offer transformative potential for radiology education, communication, and visualization. This study explores various AI-generated multimedia categories, including image and video generation, as well as voice cloning, with a focus on video synthesis and future possibilities like scan-to-video generation. Utilizing tools such as , , , and , we aimed to reincarnate deceased influential physicists in radiology, demonstrating AI's capability to generate realistic content with accessible tools, fostering creativity and innovation in the radiology community.

Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Utilization, Pathologic Response, and Overall Survival in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Introduction: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the standard treatment for high-risk UTUC. Considering the decline in renal function with RNU and results from prospective trials, NAC has emerged as a favored perioperative treatment for chemo-eligible patients with UTUC.

Popliteal-distal bypass affords better limb salvage than tibial angioplasty for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Objective: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) due to isolated tibial occlusive disease is treated by either popliteal-distal bypass (PDB) or tibial angioplasty (TA), although there is limited data directly comparing efficacy and outcomes between these two treatment modalities. This study compares 30-day mortality and major adverse limb events following infrapopliteal bypass and TA in patients with CLTI.

Methods: Patients who underwent PDB for CLTI were extracted from American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program targeted lower extremity open database, whereas patient with CLTI who underwent isolated TA were identified in the targeted lower extremity endovascular database.

Locoregional Versus General Anesthesia in Prolonged Carotid Endarterectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Study from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database from 2011 to 2022.

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an effective treatment for carotid stenosis. Previous studies yielded conflicting findings regarding postoperative outcomes after CEA when comparing those under general and locoregional anesthesia. However, these findings may be influenced by an inherent selection bias, as general anesthesia is frequently selected for more complex CEA.

Programming Chatbots Using Natural Language: Generating Cervical Spine MRI Impressions.

Purpose: The utility of machine learning, specifically large language models (LLMs), in the medical field has gained considerable attention. However, there is a scarcity of studies that focus on the application of LLMs in generating custom subspecialty radiology impressions. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of multiple LLMs in generating specialized, accurate, and clinically useful radiology impressions for degenerative cervical spine MRI reports.

Pediatric dermatologic emergencies.

Purpose Of Review: Provide an overview of recent findings and recommendations for the presentation, diagnosis, and management of pediatric dermatologic emergencies.

Recent Findings: Updated information on optimal diagnosis and treatments for pediatric dermatologic emergencies because of infection, reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption, and serious cutaneous adverse reactions are covered.

Summary: Pediatric dermatologic emergencies require prompt diagnosis and management.

Time to Publication in Medical Education Journals: An Analysis of Publication Timelines During COVID-19 (2019-2022).

Introduction: COVID-19 changed scholarly publishing. Yet, its impact on medical education publishing is unstudied. Because journal articles and their corresponding publication timelines can influence academic success, the field needs updated publication timelines to set evidence-based expectations for academic productivity.

Primary Care Guidance for Providers of Care for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2024 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have made it possible for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to live a lifespan approaching that of people without HIV, without progressing to AIDS or transmitting HIV to sexual partners or infants. There is, therefore, increasing emphasis on maintaining health throughout the lifespan. To receive optimal medical care and achieve desired outcomes, persons with HIV must be consistently engaged in care and able to access uninterrupted treatment, including ART.

"Death Is Not a Dirty Word:" A Qualitative Study of Emergency Clinician End-of-Life Communication.

Objectives: Pediatric patients with life-limiting diagnoses frequently seek care in the pediatric emergency department (PED) during times of acute illness, or at end-of-life (EOL) . Although the population of patients with life-limiting diagnoses is heterogenous, clinician expertise in EOL communication is essential to providing family-centered care. In this study, we explored PED physician and nurse experiences with communication when eliciting EOL values, including factors specified to the PED environment, clinician perceptions of family supports and preferences, and clinicians' self-reflection of their skills and challenges in this sphere.