Challenges and outcomes of airway surgery in a post-war low-resource setting: A case series from Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aims to document and analyze the challenges and outcomes of performing complex airway surgery in a low-resource, post-war setting in Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Methods: This prospective case series examines clinical data from five patients who underwent airway reconstruction surgeries and one patient who underwent total laryngectomy at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Mekelle. Data included patient demographics, airway stenosis etiology and severity, operative details, postoperative outcomes, complications, and hospital length of stay.

A multicenter randomized control trial: Point-of-care syndromic assessment versus standard testing in urgent care center patients with acute respiratory illness.

Objective: Syndromic assessment with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) testing in patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) allows for simultaneous identification of multiple possible infectious etiologies. Point-of-care (POC) syndromic assessment can be conducted in a clinical setting, such as an urgent care center (UCC), without requiring certified laboratories. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether POC syndromic assessment improved patient satisfaction for patients seen at an UCC with ARI; secondary objectives included whether syndromic assessment reduced self-isolation time, increased diagnostic confidence, and reduced overall antibiotic utilization.

Educator's blueprint: Key considerations for using social media in survey-based medical education research.

In this paper, we present a set of recommendations for using social media as a tool for participant recruitment in survey-based medical education research. Drawing from a limited but growing body of literature, we discuss the opportunities and challenges inherent to social media recruitment. This article builds on the authors' previous educator's blueprints about survey design and administration.

Celiac disease in North America: What is the current practice of pediatric gastroenterology providers?

Objectives: While guidelines exist for the diagnosis and management of pediatric celiac disease (CeD), current practices in North America are not well-described. This study aimed to explore current practice patterns to identify gaps and direct future clinical, training and research initiatives.

Methods: A 23-item survey designed by the Celiac Disease Special Interest Group was distributed electronically to its members.

Identifying Frailty Using Point-of-Care Ultrasonography: Image Acquisition and Assessment.

Frailty is a significant predictor of a range of adverse outcomes in surgical patients, including increased mechanical ventilation time, longer hospital stays, unplanned readmissions, stroke, delirium, and death. However, accessible tools for screening in clinical settings are limited. Computed tomography of the psoas muscle is the current standard imaging device for measuring frailty, but it is expensive, time-consuming, and exposes the patient to ionizing radiation.

Recruiting a prospective community cohort to study Alzheimer's disease and structural and social determinants of health among adults racialized as Black: The ARCHES cohort.

Introduction: This ongoing, prospective study examines the effectiveness of methods used to successfully recruit and retain 238 Black older adults in a longitudinal, observational Alzheimer's disease (AD) study.

Methods: Recruitment strategies included traditional media, established research registries, speaking engagements, community events, and snowball sampling. Participants were asked to complete an annual office testing session, blood-based biomarker collection, optional one-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and community workshop.

Enasidenib-induced hepatitis in an individual with Type II D2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

Type II D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (T2D2HGA) is caused by a gain-of-function pathogenic variant in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). Patients with T2D2HGA commonly present with developmental delay, seizures, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. The recently approved IDH2-inhibitor Enasidenib targets the p.

Development and evaluation of a novel knowledge assessment tool for pediatric emergency medicine clerkships.

Objectives: This study seeks to determine validity evidence for a newly developed multiple-choice examination (MCE) tool to assess retention and application of medical knowledge of students enrolled in a pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) clerkship.

Methods: A team of PEM physicians created a 110-item MCE covering the range of clinical topics in PEM relevant for medical students. The researchers determined examination content using the report of Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine and PEM Interest Group of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM).

Resilient Hearts: Measuring Resiliency in Young People With Congenital Heart Disease.

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a life-long disease with long-term consequences on physical and mental health. Patients with CHD face multifaceted physical and psychosocial challenges. Resilience is an important factor that can be protective and positively impact mental health.

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide on survey administration.

In this paper, we take the lessons learned from designing a survey and collecting validity evidence and prepare to administer the survey for research. We focus specifically on how researchers can reach individuals in the target population, methods of contact and engagement, evidence-informed factors that enhance participation, and recommendations for follow-up with nonrespondents. We also discuss the challenges of survey administration and provide guidance for navigating low response rates.

Dietary advanced glycation products and their associations with insulin sensitivity and body weight: A 16-week randomized clinical trial.

Background: Evidence suggests that changes in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may influence body weight. Previous studies have focused on cooking methods as the primary way how to reduce the dietary AGEs but little is known about the effects of a change in diet composition.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a low-fat plant-based diet on dietary AGEs and test the association with body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity.

Trends in Swallowing Outcomes Following Deintensified Treatment in Selected p16+ Oropharyngeal Carcinoma.

Objective: Identify trends in swallowing outcomes in p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery (NAC+S) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery+radiation (NAC+S+R).

Study Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Single academic institution.

A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context.

Introduction: Health disparities arise from biological-environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort.

The financial burden of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses on caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis in the United States.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with elevated financial costs, including out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. Yet, the full burden of OOP expenses in children with AD is poorly understood.

Objectives: We sought to characterise categories, impact, and associations of caregiver-reported OOP AD healthcare expenses for US children.

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide for collecting validity evidence in survey- based research.

Surveys are descriptive assessment tools. Like other assessment tools, the validity and reliability of the data obtained from surveys depend, in large part, on the rigor of the development process. Without validity evidence, data from surveys may lack meaning, leading to uncertainty as to how well the survey truly measures the intended constructs.

Race, Interleukin-6, Genotype, and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background Differences in death rate and cardiovascular disease (CVD) between Black and White patients with chronic kidney disease is attributed to sociocultural factors, comorbidities, genetics, and inflammation. Methods and Results We examined the interaction of race, plasma IL-6 (interleukin-6), and genotype as determinants of CVD and mortality in 3031 Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of incident myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, stroke, and heart failure.

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide for survey design.

Surveys are ubiquitous in medical education. They can be valuable for assessment across a wide range of applications and are frequently used in medical education research. This Educator's Blueprint paper reviews the best practices in survey design with a focus on survey development.

Remote gestational weight gain monitoring in a large low-risk US population.

Background: Over the past decade there have been rapid advancements in telemedicine and mobile health technology (mHealth) and rapid increases in adoption of these technologies among OB-GYN providers. Mobile technology is routinely used in the general adult population to simplify monitoring of food intake and weight. Studies have demonstrated that weight loss achieved via remote monitoring, through use of wi-fi scales and web applications, is similar to weight loss achieved with in-person support.

Pediatric sepsis phenotypes for enhanced therapeutics: An application of clustering to electronic health records.

Objective: The heterogeneity of pediatric sepsis patients suggests the potential benefits of clustering analytics to derive phenotypes with distinct host response patterns that may help guide personalized therapeutics. We evaluate the relative performance of latent class analysis (LCA) and K-means, 2 commonly used clustering methods toward the derivation of clinically useful pediatric sepsis phenotypes.

Methods: Data were extracted from anonymized medical records of 6446 pediatric patients that presented to 1 of 6 emergency departments (EDs) between 2013 and 2018 and were thereafter admitted.