Comparison of cross-sectional imaging techniques for the detection of prostate cancer lymph node metastasis: a critical review.

Conventional staging for prostate cancer (PCa) is performed for men diagnosed with unfavorable-intermediate or higher risk disease. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis and whole body bone scan remains the standard of care for the detection of visceral, nodal, and bone metastasis. The implementation of the 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against routine prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening resulted in a rise of metastatic PCa at the time of diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of effective imaging modalities for evaluating metastatic disease.

Characterization and refinement of monoclonal anti-human globulins that lack reactivity with human IgG4.

Background: Anti-red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies consisting of only the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 4 subtype are typically considered clinically insignificant. A US Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal anti-human globulin (16H8) is nonreactive with IgG4, which has been considered a benefit to avoid testing interference from IgG4. However, 16H8 also does not recognize two natural IgG3 variants (IgG3-03 and IgG3-13).

Reconstructing the History of Machado-Joseph Disease.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, was originally described in members of the families of Machado, Thomas, and Joseph from São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal, in 1972. The purpose of this article is to present previous descriptions of hereditary ataxia resembling the heterogeneous phenotypic intra-familiar presentation of MJD. We suggest that the condition would best be called dominant spino-pontine atrophy.

Shining a Light on Some of the Most Famous 19th and 20th Century's Neuropsychologists.

This chapter pays homage to the masters who made neuropsychology an esteemed and legitimate field in the 19th and 20th centuries. Here we offer a brief biography for each of them and an analysis of their discoveries: Théophile Alajouanine (1890-1980), Henry Charlton Bastian (1837-1915), Arthur L. Benton (1909-2006), Julian de Ajuriaguerra (1911-1993), Ennio De Renzi (1924-2016), Norman Geschwind (1926-1984), Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965), Henry Head (1861-1940), Henry Hécaen (1912-1983), Pierre Janet (1859-1947), François Lhermitte (1921-1998), Jean Lhermitte (1877-1959), Hugo Karl Liepmann (1863-1925), Heinrich Lissauer (1861-1891), Alexander Romanovich Luria (1902-1977), Brenda Milner (1918-), Théodule Ribot (1839-1916), Charles Richet (1850-1935), Paul Sollier (1861-1933), and Carl Wernicke (1848-1905).

17-Hydroxy Wortmannin Restores TRAIL's Response by Ameliorating Increased Beclin 1 Level and Autophagy Function in TRAIL-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells.

Targeting of extrinsic apoptosis pathway by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an attractive approach for cancer therapy. However, two TRAIL drug candidates failed in clinical trials due to lack of efficacy. We identified 17-hydroxy wortmannin (17-HW) in a drug repurposing screen that resensitized TRAIL's response in the resistant colon cancer cells.

Oxygen Venous Embolism After Hydrogen Peroxide Use During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a common antiseptic that is available without a prescription in the United States, and it is indicated for minor dermal abrasion; mouth, gum, or dental irritations; and removal of oral secretion. Several other medical uses have also been described, including clot dissolution during endoscopic gastrointestinal evaluation, cleansing of orthopedic surgical sites, and bladder irrigation. However, these uses of HO, as well as high-dose ingestion, have been associated with a wide variety of medical complications, including but not limited to air pulmonary embolism and stroke.

Transatlantic Crossings: Early neurological exchanges between USA and France.

Transnational exchanges have existed for centuries, with both economic and cultural effects. At the end of the 18 century, in the aftermath of the French Revolution, medical education in France underwent radical innovations, prefiguring the training system now almost universally accepted. This paper presents 19 and early 20 century neurology-related exchanges between the United States (US) and Europe, particularly, Paris, which had become a major medical center and where many US neurologists were trained.

Are Emergently Placed Nephrostomy Tubes Suitable for Subsequent Percutaneous Endoscopic Renal Surgery?

Objective: To determine the percentage of emergently placed nephrostomy tubes (NT) that were subsequently deemed usable for definitive percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy in patients presenting with nephrolithiasis.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective database review was completed to identify patients who underwent emergent NT placement and then subsequent percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were collected.

Prognostic Values of LAPTM4B-35 in Human Cancer: A Meta-analysis.

: Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4β-35(LAPTM4B-35) has been observed overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors. However, the prognostic value of LAPTM4B-35 remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of LAPTM4B-35 in human cancers.

Expression, Clinical Significance, and Functional Prediction of MNX1 in Breast Cancer.

Motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 (MNX1) is a key developmental gene. Previous studies found that it was upregulated in several tumors, but its role in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In order to have a better understanding of this gene in BC, we examined the expression of MNX1 in BC tissues and normal breast tissues by qRT-PCR and by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

The Impact of lncRNA Dysregulation on Clinicopathology and Survival of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Dysregulation of multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was reported to play major roles in breast cancer (BC). Here we aimed to collect most of the relevant literature to assess the prognostic value of lncRNAs in BC. To this end, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang to identify published articles on the associations of lncRNAs with clinicopathology and/or survival of BC.

Small Molecules Identified from a Quantitative Drug Combinational Screen Resensitize Cisplatin's Response in Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Drug resistance to chemotherapy occurs in many ovarian cancer patients resulting in failure of treatment. Exploration of drug resistance mechanisms and identification of new therapeutics that overcome the drug resistance can improve patient prognosis. Following a quantitative combination screen of 6060 approved drugs and bioactive compounds in a cisplatin-resistant A2780-cis ovarian cancer cell line, 38 active compounds with ICs under 1 μM suppressed the growth of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Association of two polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han women.

Background: Forkhead box P3 () is a key gene in the immune system which also plays a role in tumor development. This study aims to explore the association of two polymorphisms (rs3761548 and rs3761549) with susceptibility to breast cancer (BC).

Method: A case-control study was conducted, involving 560 patients and 583 healthy individuals from the Chinese Han population.

Internet and Video Game Addictions: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Neurobiology.

In the past 2 decades, there has been substantial increase in availability and use of digital technologies, including the Internet, computer games, smart phones, and social media. Behavioral addiction to use of technologies spawned a body of related research. The recent inclusion of Internet gaming disorder as a condition for further study in the DSM-V invigorated a new wave of researchers, thereby expanding our understanding of these conditions.

Procedure rates performed by emergency medicine residents: a retrospective review.

Background: The purpose of our study is to investigate rates of individual procedures performed by residents in our emergency medicine (EM) residency program. Different programs expose residents to different training environments. Our hypothesis is that ultrasound examinations are the most commonly performed procedure in our residency.

Genetic polymorphisms in caveolin-1 associate with breast cancer risk in Chinese Han population.

Caveolin-1() was demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene and be implicated in the development of breast cancer (BC). Numerous potentially functional polymorphisms in have been identified, but their effects on BC were not clear. This case-control study aims to evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms and BC risk.

IL-18 polymorphisms contribute to hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility in Chinese population: a case-control study.

IL-18 polymorphisms influence the transcriptional activity of the IL-18 gene and associated with various diseases. However, their relationships with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases had not reached a consensus. So we conducted this case-control study with a view to clarifying the association.

Alterations in Corneal Sensory Nerves During Homeostasis, Aging, and After Injury in Mice Lacking the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-1.

Purpose: To determine the impact of the loss of syndecan 1 (SDC1) on intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs) during homeostasis, aging, and in response to 1.5-mm trephine and debridement injury.

Methods: Whole-mount corneas are used to quantify ICN density and thickness over time after birth and in response to injury in SDC1-null and wild-type (WT) mice.

Contract Costs Associated with Maintaining Flexible Ureteroscopes: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: We compared the cost of flexible ureteroscope processing and maintenance contracts offered by a scope manufacturer and a third-party company.

Methods: Use and repairs of the Storz 11278AU1 Flex X2 Flexible Ureteroscope are prospectively recorded at our large, 371-bed, acute care hospital. A retrospective analysis of the processing of ureteroscopic instruments during a 3-year period (2011 to 2013) was completed.