Mouse Corneal Immune Cell Heterogeneity Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.

Purpose: This study aimed to define the heterogeneity, spatial localization, and functional roles of immune cells in the mouse cornea using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and immunofluorescent staining.

Methods: Enriched mouse corneal immune cells (C57BL/6 strain, age 16-20 weeks) underwent single-cell RNA sequencing library preparation, sequencing, and analysis with Seurat, Monocle 3, and CellChat packages in R. Pathway analysis used Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software.

Practical Approach to Longitudinal Neurologic Care of Adults With X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy and Adrenomyeloneuropathy.

Although X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) has historically been considered a childhood disease managed by pediatric neurologists, it is one of the most common leukodystrophies diagnosed in adulthood. An increase in both male and female adults reaching diagnosis due to familial cases identified by state newborn screening panels and more widespread use of genetic testing results in a large cohort of presymptomatic or early symptomatic adults. This population is in urgent need of standardized assessments and follow-up care.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Anti-Mycobacterial Therapy (RHB-104) in Active Crohn's Disease.

This study, conducted between 4 October 2013, and 30 November 2018, tested the hypothesis that triple antimicrobial therapy, targeting subspecies (MAP), long considered a putative cause, would favorably affect Crohn's disease. A double-blind multicenter study of adults with active Crohn's disease, (i.e.

Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms in Children With Anti-N-Methyl-d Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.

Background: Isolated psychiatric symptoms can be the initial symptom of pediatric anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor autoimmune encephalitis (pNMDARE). Here we report on the prevalence of isolated psychiatric symptoms in pNMDARE. We also assess whether initial neurodiagnostic tests (brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], electroencephalography [EEG], and/or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] white blood cell count) are abnormal in children with isolated psychiatric symptoms and pNMDARE.

Charcot's international visitors and pupils from Europe, the United States, and Russia.

The foundation by (1825-1893) of the Salpêtrière School in Paris had an influential role in the development of neurology during the late-nineteenth century. The international aura of Charcot attracted neurologists from all parts of the world. We here present the most representative European, American, and Russian young physicians who learned from Charcot during their tutoring or visit in Paris or Charcot's travels outside France.

[ISOLATED FOURTH EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT TENOSYNOVITIS DUE TO EPIDEMIC RELATED CHANGES IN THE WORKPLACE].

We report on cases of isolated fourth extensor compartment tenosynovitis without evidence of systemic inflammation that occurred in the context of alteration in the work environment due to the COVID-19 epidemic. Early identification of the deleterious effects of virtual/technologically-dependent work from home can aid in treatment and prevention of these conditions. We describe the phenomenon and suggest a treatment approach.

Randomized Feasibility Pilot of an Executive Functioning Intervention Adapted for Children's Mental Health Settings.

The critical role of executive functioning in autism as well as the co-occurring mental health challenges common among autistic youth support to the immense value of interventions targeting executive functioning for enhancing mental health services for autistic children. The goal of the present study was to conduct a randomized feasibility trial of Unstuck and On Target, an executive functioning intervention, adapted for delivery in children's community mental health setting. Mental health therapists (n = 26) enrolled with participating autistic clients (n = 32) were randomized to receive training in and deliver the adapted Unstuck intervention or to deliver care as usual.

Single cell analysis of short-term dry eye induced changes in cornea immune cell populations.

Background: Dry eye causes corneal inflammation, epitheliopathy and sensorineural changes. This study evaluates the hypothesis that dry eye alters the percentages and transcriptional profiles of immune cell populations in the cornea.

Methods: Desiccating stress (DS) induced dry eye was created by pharmacologic suppression of tear secretion and exposure to drafty low humidity environment.

Early history of the European Journal of Neurology. A mirror of the evolution of Europe after 1989.

This paper retraces the early history of the European Journal of Neurology (EJN), as it is about to enter its 30th year. It describes how our discipline organized itself during the latter part of the 20th century in Europe. In some ways, the creation and the evolution of the journal parallel the process of unification of Europe in its current form in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

So Now We Know-Reflections on the Extent of Resection for Stage I Lung Cancer.

Lobectomy has been the standard treatment for stage I lung cancer in healthy patients, largely based on a randomized trial published in 1995. Nevertheless, research has continued regarding the role of sublobar resection. Three additional randomized trials addressing resection extent in healthy patients have recently been published.

Preventing Excessive Noise Exposure in Infants, Children, and Adolescents.

Noise exposure is a major cause of hearing loss in adults. Yet, noise affects people of all ages, and noise-induced hearing loss is also a problem for young people. Sensorineural hearing loss caused by noise and other toxic exposures is usually irreversible.

Preventing Excessive Noise Exposure in Infants, Children, and Adolescents.

Noise affects people of all ages. Noise-induced hearing loss, a major problem for adults, is also a problem for young people. Sensorineural hearing loss is usually irreversible.

Rate of D-alloimmunization in trauma does not depend on the number of RhD-positive units transfused: The BEST collaborative study.

Background: Evidence indicates the life-saving benefits of early blood product transfusion in severe trauma resuscitation. Many of these products will be RhD-positive, so understanding the D-alloimmunization rate is important.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study whereby injured RhD-negative patients between 18-50 years of age who received at least one unit of RhD-positive red blood cells (RBC) or low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) during their resuscitation between 1 January, 2010 through 31 December, 2019 were identified.

Survey of the RhD selection and issuing practices for uncrossmatched blood products at pediatric trauma hospitals in the United States: The BEST collaborative study.

Background: As evidence demonstrating the importance of early transfusions in trauma resuscitation accumulates, when RhD-negative products might not be available, it is important to understand the nature of the RhD-type of products provided to bleeding pediatric patients of potentially unknown RhD-type.

Methods: A survey link was electronically sent to the transfusion service medical director and/or laboratory manager at American pediatric Level I and Level II hospitals inquiring about their practices for selecting RhD-type of uncrossmatched red blood cells (RBC) or low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) for boys and girls.

Results: There were 55/117 (47.

Reoperative Partial Nephrectomy-Does Previous Surgical Footprint Impact Outcomes?

Purpose: Historically, open techniques have been favored over minimally invasive approaches for complex surgeries. We aimed to identify differences in perioperative outcomes, surgical footprints, and complication rates in patients undergoing either open or robotic reoperative partial nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing reoperative partial nephrectomy was performed.

Survey of newborn direct antiglobulin testing practice in United States and Canadian transfusion services.

Background: We hypothesized that variability in practice exists for newborn immunohematology testing due to lack of consensus guidelines. We report the results of a survey assessing that variability at hospitals in the United States and Canada.

Study Design And Methods: An AABB Pediatric Subsection working party developed and validated a survey of newborn immunohematology testing practice.

Blood transfusion trends by disease category in the United States, 2000 to 2014.

Background: Better understanding of blood usage rates could identify trends in transfusion practices over time and inform more efficient management.

Methods: Inpatient admissions from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Databases were analyzed for packed red blood cell (PRBC), plasma, platelet, and whole blood (WB) transfusions. The transfusion rates per admission and per prevalent case were calculated.

Using the NIH Research, Condition and Disease Categorization Database for research advocacy: Schizophrenia research at NIMH as an example.

In 2008 the National Institutes of Health established the Research, Condition and Disease Categorization Database (RCDC) that reports the amount spent by NIH institutes for each disease. Its goal is to allow the public "to know how the NIH spends their tax dollars," but it has been little used. The RCDC for 2018 was used to assess 428 schizophrenia-related research projects funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.

Corneal nonmyelinating Schwann cells illuminated by single-cell transcriptomics and visualized by protein biomarkers.

The cornea is the most innervated tissue in the human body. Myelinated axons upon inserting into the peripheral corneal stroma lose their myelin sheaths and continue into the central cornea wrapped by only nonmyelinating corneal Schwann cells (nm-cSCs). This anatomical organization is believed to be important for central vision.

Long-term Effects of an Evidence-based Guideline for Emergency Management of Pediatric Syncope.

Unlabelled: Variability exists in the management of childhood syncope as clinicians balance resource utilization with the need to identify serious diseases. Limited evidence exists regarding the long-term impact of evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) on clinical practices. This study's objective was to measure long-term changes in the management of syncope after implementing a syncope EBG in a single pediatric emergency department following the redistribution of resources to facilitate compliance over time.

Robotic and laparoscopic surgical techniques in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Crohn's disease has historically been managed medically with sparing use of surgical resection. With the development of strictures or fistulas, surgical management such as an ileocecal resection may become necessary. Minimally invasive options such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques are alternatives to open surgery.