Neck Trauma: Cervical Spine, Seatbelt Sign, and Penetrating Palate Injuries.

Pediatric cervical spine, blunt cerebrovascular, and penetrating palate injuries are rare but potentially life-threatening injuries that demand immediate stabilization and treatment. Balancing the risk of a missed injury with radiation exposure and the need for sedation is critical in evaluating children for these injuries. Unfortunately, effective clinical decision tools used in adult trauma cannot be uniformly applied to children.

Nutrition, a Tenet of Lifestyle Medicine but Not Medicine?

Nutrition is a foundation of health and one of six pillars of Lifestyle Medicine. The importance of nutrition in clinical care is now widely recognized by health care professionals and the public. However, clinicians are not comfortable counselling their patients on nutrition due to inadequate or lack of training, leaving a significant need in patient care.

Impaired renal function is an independent risk factor for complications after surgery for femoral neck fracture.

Background: The metabolic abnormalities that occur secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase the risk of femoral neck fractures compared to the general population. The purpose of this study is to determine whether impaired renal function is an independent risk factor for complications after surgery for femoral neck fracture.

Methods: The ACS-NSQIP database was reviewed for patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for femoral neck fractures between 2007 and 2018.

Effects of Fluid Rehydration Strategy on Correction of Acidosis and Electrolyte Abnormalities in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Objective: Fluid replacement to correct dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte abnormalities is the cornerstone of treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), but little is known about optimal fluid infusion rates and electrolyte content. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether different fluid protocols affect the rate of normalization of biochemical derangements during DKA treatment.

Research Design And Methods: The current analysis involved moderate or severe DKA episodes ( = 714) in children age <18 years enrolled in the Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in DKA (FLUID) Trial.

Association Between Diarrhea Duration and Severity and Probiotic Efficacy in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis.

Introduction: It is unclear whether the alleged efficacy of probiotics in childhood acute gastroenteritis depends on the duration and severity of symptoms before treatment.

Methods: Preplanned secondary analysis of 2 randomized placebo-controlled trials in children 3-48 months of age was conducted in 16 emergency departments in North America evaluating the efficacy of 2 probiotic products (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and a combination probiotic: L. rhamnosus and L.

Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology COVID-19 Virtual Workshop.

This brief report collects the program and abstracts of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology (SNIP) COVID-19 Virtual Workshop held on April 9, 2021. The workshop consisted of four symposia: Symposium 1: Molecular approaches to COVID-19 pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms; Symposium 2: Therapeutic and vaccine approaches to COVID-19; Symposium 3: Early Career Investigator talks; and Symposium 4: Diversity and Inclusion SNIP Committee (DISC) program: Well-being and reflections. The workshop also featured four special talks on COVID-19 and funding opportunities from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); COVID-19 and funding opportunities from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); opportunities from NIH for early career investigator (ECI) fellows; and neurologic and psychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Diversity and Inclusion on General Surgery, Integrated Thoracic Surgery, and Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency Program Websites.

Background: Increasing diversity in medicine is receiving more attention, yet underrepresented in medicine (UiM) surgeons remain a small fraction of all surgeons. Whether surgical training programs attempt to attract UiM applicants to their programs, and therefore their specialties, through program website information is unclear.

Objective: To analyze the scope of diversity and inclusion (D&I) related information on US allopathic and osteopathic general surgery, integrated thoracic surgery, and integrated vascular surgery residency program websites.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney extending to the proximal ureter in a 41-year-old female.

We report the case of a 41-year-old pregnant female who presented with a complicated urinary tract infection. Further imaging revealed left hydronephrosis and filling defects extending from the proximal ureter to the upper pole of the kidney, with the presumed diagnosis of a fibroepithelial polyp. The patient underwent a four-stage percutaneous and ureteroscopic ablation and resection.

The Epidemiology of Carpal Tunnel Revision Over a 1-Year Follow-Up Period.

Purpose: To establish the incidence of revision carpal tunnel surgery within a 1-year postoperative period using a national administrative database. This information has been unknown until this point because of the absence of laterality-specific coding with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition and earlier coding systems.

Methods: Data were collected from the Humana insurance database using PearlDiver patient records from 2015 to 2017.

Linked kinematic knee balancing in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

The traditional approach of restoring a neutral mechanical axis to the lower extremity during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has long been favored due its consistency and reproducibility. The kinematic alignment approach, which accounts for the patient's natural knee alignment and is commonly a few degrees varus to the mechanical axis, has gained popularity in recent years as a technique which reestablishes a more anatomic alignment. Linked Anatomic Kinematic Arthroplasty (LAKA), an extension of the kinematic approach that employs computer-assisted surgical (CAS) navigation, can improve the accuracy and precision of kinematic measurements in unicompartmental knee arthroplasties.

Introduction to collection: confronting the challenges of health research in humanitarian crises.

Background: Humanitarian crises, such as armed conflict, forced displacement, natural disasters, and major disease outbreaks, take a staggering toll on human health, especially in low-resource settings. Yet there is a dearth of robust evidence to inform the governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other humanitarian organizations on how to best respond to them. The Fogarty International Center of the U.

Barriers to the Development and Sustainability of Bone Banking Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

The number of bone allograft transplantations required in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is growing very quickly. No previous study has investigated the challenges clinical banks face to sustain operations or meet this demand. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the barriers to implementation and sustainability of clinical bone tissue banks in LMICs.

What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment.

The social environment, comprised of social support, social burden, and quality of interactions, influences a range of health outcomes, including mental health. Passive audio data collection on mobile phones (e.g.

Passive sensing on mobile devices to improve mental health services with adolescent and young mothers in low-resource settings: the role of families in feasibility and acceptability.

Background: Passive sensor data from mobile devices can shed light on daily activities, social behavior, and maternal-child interactions to improve maternal and child health services including mental healthcare. We assessed feasibility and acceptability of the Sensing Technologies for Maternal Depression Treatment in Low Resource Settings (StandStrong) platform. The StandStrong passive data collection platform was piloted with adolescent and young mothers, including mothers experiencing postpartum depression, in Nepal.

How Should Health Professionalism Be Redefined to Address Health Equity?

Increasing focus on health equity is placing a spotlight on health professionals' roles. Recent public health crises-the opioid epidemic, maternal mortality, and the COVID-19 pandemic-have renewed focus on racial and ethnic inequity and underscored that trust is foundational to public health and health professionalism. Organizational, system, and policy reform demand that professionalism be redefined in terms of its capacity to motivate equity in health professions education and clinical practice.

Vaping and E-Cigarette Use in Children and Adolescents: Implications on Perioperative Care From the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Pediatric Anesthesia, Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, and American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or vaping use in adolescents has emerged as a public health crisis that impacts the perioperative care of this vulnerable population. E-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco products among youth in the United States. Fruit and mint flavors and additives such as marijuana have enticed children and adolescents.

The Role of Religiousness and Spirituality in Health-related Quality of Life of Persons Living with HIV: A Latent Class Analysis.

Purpose: Understanding how religion and spirituality influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for developing holistic, patient-centered treatment. This study determined distinct latent classes of religiousness/spirituality for adult persons living with HIV (PLWH) and associations between latent class membership and HRQoL.

Methods: Baseline data was collected from 223 patients in the FAmily CEntered (FACE) Advance Care Planning (ACP) clinical trial for PLWH.

Selective disruption of trigeminal sensory neurogenesis and differentiation in a mouse model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cranial nerve anomalies and disordered oropharyngeal function, including pediatric dysphagia. Using the LgDel 22q11DS mouse model, we investigated whether sensory neuron differentiation in the trigeminal ganglion (CNgV), which is essential for normal orofacial function, is disrupted.

Utilizing passive sensing data to provide personalized psychological care in low-resource settings.

With the growing ubiquity of smartphones and wearable devices, there is an increased potential of collecting passive sensing data in mobile health. Passive data such as physical activity, Global Positioning System (GPS), interpersonal proximity, and audio recordings can provide valuable insight into the lives of individuals. In mental health, these insights can illuminate behavioral patterns, creating exciting opportunities for mental health service providers and their clients to support pattern recognition and problem identification outside of formal sessions.

Patterns of Neurosurgical Conditions at a Major Government Hospital in Cambodia.

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a growing and largely unaddressed neurosurgical burden. Cambodia has been an understudied country regarding the neurosurgical pathologies and case volume. Rapid infrastructure development with noncompliance of safety regulations has led to increased numbers of traumatic injuries.