Evaluating the pathological and clinical implications of errors made by an artificial intelligence colon biopsy screening tool.

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools for histological diagnosis offer great potential to healthcare, yet failure to understand their clinical context is delaying adoption. IGUANA (Interpretable Gland-Graphs using a Neural Aggregator) is an AI algorithm that can effectively classify colonic biopsies into normal versus abnormal categories, designed to automatically report normal cases. We performed a retrospective pathological and clinical review of the errors made by IGUANA.

Assessing the Quality of Use of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylactic Devices for Stroke Patients at Leeds General Infirmary: An Audit and Re-audit.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from stroke. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCs) and geko™ devices are used to reduce the risk of VTE in patients who have suffered an acute stroke. Correct use of the devices is essential for achieving the reduced risk of VTE.

Comparing Urethral Stricture Rates Following Bipolar and Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Retrospective Study.

Aim The aim is to compare the incidence of urethral strictures and other complications following monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Method We conducted a retrospective study to compare patients who underwent bipolar TURP with those who underwent monopolar TURP between 2017 and 2023. The collected data included demographics, age, history of urethral stricture, prostate size, operation duration, and postoperative complications, such as blood transfusion, transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome, and other relevant data points.

Ultrasound-Guided Thermal Ablation Versus Thyroidectomy in the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation (TA) is a minimally invasive intervention for treating benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). This meta-analysis aims to systematically compare the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided TA with surgery in treating BTNs. Relevant studies were identified through searching electronic databases.

The Potential of Cannabis in Managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Future Perspective.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract mainly categorized as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The current management of IBD includes pharmacological, surgical, psychological, and complementary treatments, but cannabis effects are also becoming more popular as complementary therapies. Cannabinoids act on two G-protein coupled receptors, CB1 and CB2 located in the brain, enteric nervous system, gastrointestinal cells (epithelial cells), and immune cells.

Evaluating Pre-travel Health Consultations for Business and Occupational Travelers: A Systematic Review.

Business and occupational travelers' health is at risk due to the specific itineraries and activities, prolonged stays, work-related stressors, short preparation time, more chances of disease importation, underutilization of vaccination, and chemoprophylaxis. The objective of the review is to assess the effectiveness of pre-travel health consultation and how it will help travelers prevent health risks. The question is to evaluate how can prolonged stays and underutilization of chemoprophylaxis and vaccination be better managed with pre-travel health consultation.

Morphology of the First Tarsometatarsal Joint and the Incidence of Arthritis and Post-operative Complications.

Introduction The first tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ) is often overlooked regarding foot pathology or a secondary measure in most studies, despite its heavy involvement in surgical procedures and foot stability. The primary aim of this study is to assess the effect of the first TMTJ morphology on the incidence of arthritis and post-operative complications following a Lapidus procedure. Materials and methods A total of 39 feet/subjects (19 left and 20 right) were assessed by two independent reviewers.

International expert consensus statement on physiological interpretation of cardiotocograph (CTG): First revision (2024).

The first international consensus guideline on physiological interpretation of cardiotocograph (CTG) produced by 44 CTG experts from 14 countries was published in 2018. This guideline ensured a paradigm shift from classifying CTG by arbitrarily grouping certain features of the fetal heart rate into different "categories", and then, randomly combining them to arrive at an overall classification of CTG traces into "Normal, Suspicious and Pathological" (or Category I, II and III) to a classification which is based on the understanding of fetal pathophysiology. The guideline recommended the recognition of different types of fetal hypoxia, and the determination of features of fetal compensatory responses as well as decompensation to ongoing hypoxic stress on the CTG trace.

PIONEER REAL UK: A Multi-Centre, Prospective, Real-World Study of Once-Daily Oral Semaglutide Use in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Oral semaglutide provides an alternative to injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The PIONEER REAL studies evaluate clinical outcomes of oral semaglutide treatment of T2D in a real-world setting. PIONEER REAL UK focused on adults living with T2D in the UK.

The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Selenium is a trace element crucial for thyroid function, and has potential therapeutic benefits in Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Therefore, we aim to evaluate its efficacy and safety in GO patients to provide valuable insights into its role as a therapeutic option for this condition.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The application of robotics in plastic and reconstructive surgery: A systematic review.

Background: Robotic assisted surgery (RAS) has seen significant advancement in many surgical specialties, although the application of robotics in plastic and reconstructive surgery remains to be widely established. This systematic review aims to assess the role of RAS in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods: The review protocol was published and registered a priori as CRD42024507420.

Early pregnancy HbA as the first screening test for gestational diabetes: results from three prospective cohorts.

Background: More than 90% of gestational diabetes cases are estimated to occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most current guidelines recommend an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The OGTT is burdensome, especially in LMICs, resulting in a high proportion of women not being screened.

Efficacy and Safety of Trazodone and Gabapentin Fixed-Dose Combination in Patients Affected by Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Finding Study.

Introduction: Up to 50% of diabetic patients with neuropathy suffer from chronic pain, namely painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), an unmet medical need with significant impact on quality of life. Gabapentin is widely used for PDN, albeit with frequent dose-limiting effects. Trazodone, an antidepressant with multi-modal action, has shown promising results when given at low doses as an add-on to gabapentin.

Initial evaluation of a technologyenabled change in delivery of the dementia service during COVID-19 in North Warwickshire.

Background: Remote monitoring technologies show potential to help health professionals deliver preventative interventions which can avoid hospital admissions and allow patients to remain in a home setting.

Aims: To assess whether an Internet of Things (IoT) driven remote monitoring technology, used in the care pathway of community dementia patients in North Warwickshire improved access to care for patients and cost effectiveness.

Method: Patient level changes to anonymised retrospective healthcare utilisation data were analysed alongside costs.

Development of a semi-automated tool to measure fetal abdominal wall thickness during ultrasound at 20 weeks' gestation.

Objectives: To develop a semi-automated tool for measuring fetal abdominal wall thickness (AWT). To validate the software using images captured by other centers and create a nomogram for fetal AWT between 18 and 20 weeks.

Methods: A semiautomated tool that measured AWT was developed using images captured at the routine 20-week morphology scan.