Specific Morphology of Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Mainly White Patients With Kawasaki Disease: Initial Data From the Cardiac Catheterization in Kawasaki Disease Registry.

Background: Patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) with coronary artery involvement require long-term cardiac care. Although respective evidence-based recommendations are missing, cardiac catheterization is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing detailed coronary pathology. Therefore, to better understand coronary artery pathology development, we conducted a survey to document and evaluate cardiac catheterization data in a European population.

The Evolving Role of Insertable Cardiac Monitors in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) have been used more frequently and in a wider variety of circumstances in recent years. ICMs are used for symptom-rhythm correlation when patients have potentially arrhythmogenic syncope and for less traditional reasons such as rhythm surveillance in patients with genetic arrhythmia syndromes or other diseases with high arrhythmia risk. ICMs have good diagnostic yield in pediatric patients and in adults with congenital heart disease and have a low rate of complications.

Advancing the science of management of arrhythmic disease in children and adult congenital heart disease patients within the last 25 years.

This review article reflects how publications in EP Europace have contributed to advancing the science of management of arrhythmic disease in children and adult patients with congenital heart disease within the last 25 years. A special focus is directed to congenital atrioventricular (AV) block, the use of pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the young with and without congenital heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, mapping and ablation technology, and understanding of cardiac genomics to untangle arrhythmic sudden death in the young.

Catheter ablation of coronary sinus accessory pathways in the young.

Background: Accessory atrioventricular pathways (APs) are the most common tachycardia substrate for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in the young. Endocardial catheter ablation of AP may be unsuccessful in up to 5% of patients because of a coronary sinus location.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain data on ablation of accessory pathways within the coronary venous system (CVS) in the young.

Functional regeneration of dilated cardiomyopathy by transcatheter bilateral pulmonary artery banding: first-in-human case series.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart transplantation (HTx) in children. Surgical pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is used worldwide to achieve functional heart regeneration and remodelling.

Case Summary: We report for the first-time successful bilateral transcatheter implantation of bilateral pulmonary artery flow restrictors in a case series of three infants with severe DCM based on left-ventricular non-compaction morphology associated with Barth syndrome in one and a non-classified syndrome in another.

Long-term outcomes of pediatric epilepsy surgery: Individual participant data and study level meta-analyses.

Objective: Long-term seizure outcomes of pediatric epilepsy surgery are understudied. A systematic review and independent patient data meta-analysis was performed to study seizure outcomes ≥ 10 years following pediatric resective epilepsy surgery.

Methods: Electronic literature searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL were conducted for relevant articles from inception to April 2020.

Impact and Modifiers of Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Single Ventricle Circulation.

Background: Palliation of the single ventricle (SV) circulation is associated with a burden of lifelong complications. Previous studies have identified that the need for a permanent ventricular pacing system (PPM) may be associated with additional adverse long-term outcomes.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to quantify the attributable risk of PPM in patients with SV, and to identify modifiable risk factors.

The GermAn Laser Lead Extraction RegistrY: GALLERY.

Aims: The GermAn Laser Lead Extraction RegistrY: GALLERY is a retrospective, national multicentre registry, investigating the safety and efficacy of laser lead extraction procedures in Germany.

Methods And Results: Twenty-four German centres that are performing laser lead extraction have participated in the registry. All patients, treated with a laser lead extraction procedure between January 2013 and March 2017, were consecutively enrolled.

Contact force guided radiofrequency current application at developing myocardium.

Introduction: Catheter contact is a key determinant for lesion size in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA). Monitoring of contact force (CF) during RFA has been shown to improve efficacy of RFA in experimental settings as well as in adult patients. Coronary artery narrowing after RFA has been described in experimental settings as well as in children and adults and may be dependent from catheter contact.

2021 PACES Expert Consensus Statement on the Indications and Management of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in Pediatric Patients: Developed in collaboration with and endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC) Endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Indian Heart Rhythm Society (IHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS).

In view of the increasing complexity of both cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patients in the current era, practice guidelines, by necessity, have become increasingly specific. This document is an expert consensus statement that has been developed to update and further delineate indications and management of CIEDs in pediatric patients, defined as ≤21 years of age, and is intended to focus primarily on the indications for CIEDs in the setting of specific disease categories. The document also highlights variations between previously published adult and pediatric CIED recommendations and provides rationale for underlying important differences.

2021 PACES Expert Consensus Statement on the Indications and Management of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in Pediatric Patients.

In view of the increasing complexity of both cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patients in the current era, practice guidelines, by necessity, have become increasingly specific. This document is an expert consensus statement that has been developed to update and further delineate indications and management of CIEDs in pediatric patients, defined as ≤21 years of age, and is intended to focus primarily on the indications for CIEDs in the setting of specific disease categories. The document also highlights variations between previously published adult and pediatric CIED recommendations and provides rationale for underlying important differences.

2021 PACES expert consensus statement on the indications and management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in pediatric patients.

In view of the increasing complexity of both cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patients in the current era, practice guidelines, by necessity, have become increasingly specific. This document is an expert consensus statement that has been developed to update and further delineate indications and management of CIEDs in pediatric patients, defined as ≤21 years of age, and is intended to focus primarily on the indications for CIEDs in the setting of specific disease categories. The document also highlights variations between previously published adult and pediatric CIED recommendations and provides rationale for underlying important differences.

2021 PACES expert consensus statement on the indications and management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in pediatric patients.

In view of the increasing complexity of both cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patients in the current era, practice guidelines, by necessity, have become increasingly specific. This document is an expert consensus statement that has been developed to update and further delineate indications and management of CIEDs in pediatric patients, defined as ≤21 years of age, and is intended to focus primarily on the indications for CIEDs in the setting of specific disease categories. The document also highlights variations between previously published adult and pediatric CIED recommendations and provides rationale for underlying important differences.

cAMP Imaging at Ryanodine Receptors Reveals β-Adrenoceptor Driven Arrhythmias.

[Figure: see text].

Safety of Transseptal Puncture for Access to the Left Atrium in Infants and Children.

Transseptal puncture (TSP) is a standard procedure to obtain access to the left heart. However, data on TSP in infants and children particularly with congenital heart defects (CHD) is sparse. Safety and efficacy of TSP in infants and children < 18 years with normal cardiac anatomy and with CHD were assessed.

Recommendations from the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology for training in diagnostic and interventional electrophysiology.

The field of electrophysiology (EP) in paediatric cardiology patients and adults with congenital heart disease is complex and rapidly growing. The current recommendations for diagnostic and invasive electrophysiology of the working group for Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Electrophysiology of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology acknowledges the diveristy of European countries and centers. These training recommendations can be fulfilled in a manageable period of time, without compromising the quality of training required to become an expert in the field of paediatric and congenital EP and are for trainees undergoing or having completed accredited paediatric cardiologist fellowship.

Epicardial implantation of a leadless pacemaker in a lamb model.

Background: Pacemaker used in small children typically consist of an abdominally placed generator and epicardially affixed leads, making such a system prone to lead dysfunction during growth. Aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of epicardial pacing with a leadless pacemaker in a lamb model.

Animals And Methods: Seventeen lambs underwent epicardial implantation of a Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS) (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) via left-lateral thoracotomy to the left ventricle (LV) surface (n = 11/17) and to the left atrial appendage (n = 6).

Value of defibrillation threshold testing in children with nontransvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Are routine DFT tests indicated?

Background: Nontransvenous implanted cardioverter defibrillators (NT-ICD) are used in infants and small children with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. With growth, shock vector shift may result in increase of defibrillation threshold (DFT) and fatal ICD failure.

Objectives: To date, the only way to verify ICD function in children with NT-ICD is repetitive DFT testing, which is potentially harmful and may even be life threatening.

An International Survey Comparing Different Physician Models for Health Care Delivery to Critically Ill Children With Heart Disease.

Objectives: To explore relationships between the training background of cardiac critical care attending physicians and self-reported perceived strengths and weaknesses in their ability to provide clinical care.

Design: Cross-sectional observational survey sent worldwide to ~550 practicing cardiac ICU attending physicians.

Setting: Hospitals providing cardiac critical care.

Long-Term Follow-Up After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways in Children.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways (AP) in a pediatric cohort.

Background: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory AP is the recommended treatment for patients with atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia. Data on long-term results ≥1 year after AP ablation in pediatric patients is sparse.