Polyp and fibrous adhesion formation in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable or type b Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis.

Among a variety of other histopathologic changes, polyps and fibrous adhesions are readily formed in the middle ear mucosa during experimental acute otitis media (AOM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Quantitative studies on experimental AOM caused by other bacteria have shown that some of these histopathologic changes, such as adaptive bone modeling and increase in goblet cell density, differ according to the type of bacteria. This investigation surveys polyp and fibrous adhesion formation in experimental AOM caused by either non-typeable or type b Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis.

Effect of penicillin on experimental acute otitis media. A histopathological study of goblet cell density, bone modelling dynamics, polyp and adhesion formation.

Clinical studies have shown that the effect of antibiotic treatment on acute otitis media is modest. Experimental acute otitis media induces a number of histopathological changes in the middle ear mucosa. Among these are increased goblet cell density, polyp and adhesion formation, as well as massive osteoneogenesis.

Middle ear secretory capacity after acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable or type B Haemophilus influenzae. A comparative analysis based on goblet cell density.

To investigate whether the type of bacteria is correlated with an increase in goblet cell density during and after acute otitis media, we inoculated the middle ear of 25 rats with either Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable or type b Haemophilus influenzae. Mucosal goblet cell density was determined by a whole-mount method on days 4, 8, 16, 60 and 180 post-inoculation. The goblet cell density was increased on all days of sacrifice, employing either bacteria, except M.

Penicillin reduces new bone formation in acute otitis media.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that acute otitis media alters modeling dynamics in bone tissue structures surrounding the middle ear cavity. Initial resorption is followed by formative activity, which is seen as massive osteoneogenesis. However, neither resorptive nor formative activity occurs in the otic capsule, supporting the theory on existence of a perilymphatic barrier of specialized bone.

Age-distribution, risk factors and mortality in smokers and non-smokers with acute myocardial infarction: a review. TRACE study group. Danish Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

Smoking is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction; paradoxically, many studies have shown a lower post-infarct mortality among smokers. There are some important differences between smokers and non-smokers, which might explain the observed difference in mortality: smokers have less multivessel disease and atherosclerosis but are more thrombogenic; thrombolytic therapy seems to be more effective among smokers; smoking might result in an increased out-of-hospital mortality rate, by being more arrhythmogenic; and smokers are on average a decade younger than non-smokers at the time of infarction, and have less concomitant disease. Adjusting for these differences in regression analyses shows that smoking is not an independent risk factor for mortality after acute myocardial infarction.

Bone modeling dynamics in acute otitis media.

Objective: A number of middle ear diseases are associated with pathologic bone modeling, either formative or resorptive. As such, the pathogenesis of a sclerotic mastoid has been controversial for decades. Experimental studies on acute middle ear infection have shown varying degrees of both osteoresorption and osteoneogenesis.

Effect of penicillin on formation of fibrous adhesions in acute otitis media.

Fibrous middle ear adhesions are occasionally encountered in middle ear surgery and may cause a hearing impairment. Although usually associated with chronic otitis media, adhesions are also found following a single episode of experimental acute suppurative otitis media, suggesting a pathogenesis based on the inflammatory process engaging acute infection. In a well-established rat model of pneumococcal acute otitis media, we report on the effect of penicillin V on formation of fibrous middle ear adhesions.

Changes in absolute and relative importance in the prognostic value of left ventricular systolic function and congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

Changes in the importance of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF) with time after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after the introduction of thrombolytic therapy have not been studied. LV systolic function, measured as wall motion index (WMI) by echocardiography, was assessed in 6,676 consecutive patients with an enzyme-confirmed AMI. So that changes in the prognostic value of WMI or CHF could be studied, separate analyses were performed at selected time periods.

Changes in mucosal goblet cell density in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.

The correlation between secretory otitis media and increased goblet cell density in the middle ear mucosa is well established. Previous studies have shown that a single episode of acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is followed by increased goblet cell density for a period of at least 6 months, conceivably predisposing a subsequent development of secretory otitis media. In this study, 25 rat middle ears were inoculated with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in order to determine the effect on mucosal goblet cell density.

Effect of penicillin on polyp formation in acute otitis media.

Hypothesis/background: The mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cavity is subject to radical changes during and after acute infection. Among these is the formation of mucosal polyps. Previous studies on experimental acute otitis media have shown a marked impact of penicillin on mucosal histomorphology.

Increased secretory capacity of the middle ear mucosa after acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.

Secretory otitis media is associated with a highly increased goblet cell density of the middle ear mucosa. Previous studies have shown that a single episode of experimental acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is followed by increased goblet cell density for a period of at least 6 months. This condition may create a predisposition for subsequent development of secretory otitis media.

Importance of congestive heart failure and interaction of congestive heart failure and left ventricular systolic function on prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Left ventricular (LV) systolic function and congestive heart failure (CHF) are important predictors of long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. The importance of transient CHF and the interaction of CHF and LV function on prognosis has not been studied in detail previously. In the TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation Study, 6,676 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction 1 to 6 days earlier had LV systolic function quantified as wall motion index (echocardiography), which is closely correlated to LV ejection fraction.

Mast cell clusters in pars tensa membranae tympani in acute otitis media: a possible role in perforation healing.

Mast cells are known to reside in pars flaccida membranae tympani and other parts of the middle ear mucosa in both rats and humans. However, the normal pars tensa contains no or only a few mast cells along the manubrial vessels. We examined the pars tensa of 25 rats in an experimental model of acute otitis media and found 13 mast cell clusters in 6 membranes.

Influence of age on the prognostic importance of left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure on long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group.

The aim of this study was to assess the importance of congestive heart failure and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction (AIM) on long-term mortality in different age groups. A total of 7,001 consecutive enzyme-confirmed AMIs (6,676 patients) were screened for entry into the TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) study. Medical history, echocardiographic estimation of LV systolic function determined as wall motion index, infarct complications, and survival were documented for all patients.

Influence of gender on short- and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE study group.

The aim of this study was to assess differences in short- and long-term mortality between male and female patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study population consisted of 6,676 consecutive patients admitted alive with an enzyme-confirmed AMI to 27 Danish hospitals from 1990 to 1992. Five patients were excluded because of missing information.

Pathogenesis of middle ear adhesions.

Middle ear adhesions are well-known to the ear surgeon, although data on etiology, pathogenesis, and significance are lacking in current literature. This study on experimental acute otitis media presents histopathological data on these aspects. Pneumococci were inoculated in the right middle ear bulla of 25 rats; the left ear served as control.

Penicillin reduces secretory capacity in rat middle ear mucosa in acute otitis media.

In the United States, antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media is almost mandatory, whereas several other western countries are more reticent. Most clinical trails on antibiotic effect have important methodologic flaws, making an overall interpretation quite difficult. This study determined the effect of penicillin V administration on the secretory capacity of rat middle ear mucosa, during and after acute pneumococcal otitis media, by quantitative studies of the goblet cell density.

Changes in goblet cell density in rat middle ear mucosa in acute otitis media.

This study was undertaken to determine quantitative histologic changes after a single episode of acute suppurative otitis media in the rat middle ear mucosa, with special reference to goblet cell density, and to determine the persistency of these changes. Drum vascularization, purulent effusion, mucosal thickness, bone and subepithelial gland formation was assessed. Twenty-five rats were inoculated with viable pneumococci type 3 through the right, bony middle ear bulla.

Polyp pathogenesis--a histopathological study in experimental otitis media.

We examined the mucosa of 50 rat middle ears in an experimental model of acute otitis media, in order to obtain information on the mechanisms of polyp formation. The right middle ear of 25 rats was inoculated with type 3 pneumococci, and the left ear served as a control. The animals were killed, the middle ear bulla removed, and the mucosa was dissected from the bone, stained PAS-alcian blue and embedded as a whole-mount.

An echocardiographic method for selecting high risk patients shortly after acute myocardial infarction, for inclusion in multi-centre studies (as used in the TRACE study). TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

The aim of our study was to examine if echocardiography can reproducibly be used in a multicentre study to select high risk patients with reduced left ventricular function early after an acute myocardial infarction (MI). In the TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation Study (TRACE) patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function were randomized 3-7 days post MI to receive either the ACE inhibitor trandolapril, or placebo. Twenty-seven Danish centres participated and 7001 consecutive MI patients were screened for entry.