Herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence and associated factors in fertility-treatment-seeking population: A cross-sectional survey in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common genitally-transmitted viral infection affecting more than 400 million individuals globally. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in specific at-risk population groups, the burden of HSV-2 has not been reported. This study investigated the prevalence of HSV-2 IgG antibodies in patients seeking fertility treatment and characterized patients with seropositivity to HSV-2 IgG antibodies.

Genital Tract Infections in Women, Pregnancy and Neonates.

Treatable genital tract infections in women are common and most are transmitted via sexual contact with the potential for vertical transmission during pregnancy. Adverse infection outcomes include pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, preterm delivery, and congenital or neonatal infection. Highly sensitive molecular diagnostic testing for genital tract infections is now recommended in many countries.

Viral Shedding 1 Year Following First-Episode Genital HSV-1 Infection.

Importance: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of first-episode genital herpes in many countries.

Objective: To inform counseling messages regarding genital HSV-1 transmission, oral and genital viral shedding patterns among persons with first-episode genital HSV-1 infection were assessed. The trajectory of the development of HSV-specific antibody and T-cell responses was also characterized.

Herpes Simplex Virus Seroprevalence among Pregnant Finnish Women and Their Spouses-A Six-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study.

The aim was to evaluate the herpes simplex virus (HSV) seroprevalence and seroconversion among 285 pregnant women and their 120 male spouses in Finland during a six-year follow-up (FU) between 1998-2008. We also studied the effect of sexual habits, pregnancy, and other demographic factors on the acquisition of HSV infection. Combined HSV-1 and HSV-2-IgG antibodies were assessed in the first baseline serum samples with an indirect enzyme immunoassay method.

40 Years after the Registration of Acyclovir: Do We Need New Anti-Herpetic Drugs?

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 HSV1 and 2, namely varicella-zoster VZV and cytomegalovirus CMV, are among the most common pathogens worldwide. They remain in the host body for life. The course of infection with these viruses is often asymptomatic or mild and self-limiting, but in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ or bone marrow transplant recipients, the course can be very severe or even life-threatening.

Health-related quality of life in individuals with genital herpes: a systematic review.

Background: There is a significant global burden of herpes simplex virus (HSV) related genital ulcer disease yet little is known about its impact on quality of life. This systematic review aimed to identify studies that quantitatively evaluated the effect of genital herpes on various aspects of health-related quality of life.

Methods: Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Health Technology Assessment, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Web of Science Core Collection) for primary quality of life and economic evaluations of genital herpes from January 1, 2000 to January 7, 2021.

Healthcare resource utilisation pattern and costs associated with herpes simplex virus diagnosis and management: a systematic review.

Objectives: Little is known about the economic burden of herpes simplex virus (HSV) across countries. This article aims to summarise existing evidence on estimates of costs and healthcare resource utilisation associated with genital and neonatal HSV infection.

Design: Systematic literature review.

Primary HSV-2 Infection in Early Pregnancy Results in Transplacental Viral Transmission and Dose-Dependent Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Novel Mouse Model.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection affects 24 million births annually and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal herpes; however, the mechanisms underlying in utero transmission of HSV-2 are largely unknown. We examined the effects of primary HSV-2 infection during early pregnancy on gestational outcomes in a novel, clinically relevant mouse model. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were infected intravaginally with 10-10 pfu/mL HSV-2 on gestation day (gd) 4.

Factors associated with the prevalence of HIV, HSV-2, pregnancy, and reported sexual activity among adolescent girls in rural western Kenya: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data in a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Adolescence is a sensitive time for girls' sexual and reproductive health (SRH), as biological changes occur concurrently with heightening pressures for sexual activity. In western Kenya, adolescent girls are vulnerable to acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and to becoming pregnant prior to reaching adulthood. This study examines associations between individual, household, and partner-related risk factors and the prevalence of sex, adolescent pregnancy, HIV, and HSV-2.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VAGINAL MICROBIOTA, CERVICAL AND UTERINE FLORA IN WOMEN WITH THE PAST HISTORY OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS.

Objective: The aim: To identify the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora in women with the past history of sexually transmitted infections.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A prospective study and the analysis of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora were conducted in 96 women of reproductive age with infertility after the past history of STIs, who planned to get pregnant using ART. Together they made up the group I (main group) and the CG included 30 women of reproductive age, who planned pregnancy without a compromised reproductive history.

Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Disease: Updates and Continued Challenges.

This article defines neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease and describes the progress over the past 40 years that has revolutionized the management of HSV disease in neonates to improve their outcomes. These advancements include the introduction of acyclovir in the 1980s, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HSV DNA in the 1990s, and recommendations on managing infants born to mothers with active genital lesions. Despite these advancements, however, there remain high morbidity and mortality in affected neonates, with need for continued improvement.

Assessing the Burden of Infant Deaths Due to Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Congenital Syphilis: United States, 1995 to 2017.

Background: Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, neonatal infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) has a high case fatality rate. The national burden of neonatal HSV and associated deaths is unknown because this condition is not nationally notifiable. We investigated trends in HSV-related infant deaths compared with infant deaths from congenital syphilis (CS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy - An update.

Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections among women of the reproductive age. It is estimated to affect about 2-3% of pregnant women. Vertical transmission during pregnancy is rare occurring in less than 1% of cases but for those with active lesions or shedding the virus asymptomatically the risk of vertical transmission intrapartum is high.

[The role of herpesviruses in development of diseases of the urogenital tract and infertility in women].

This review presents the data on the spreading of all known human herpesviruses (НHVs) in female urogenital tract. According to the WHO almost 500 million people worldwide suffer from genital infection caused by НHVs. НHVs were detected in various inflammatory diseases of female upper and lower genital tract (vaginitis and cervicitis), in extrauterine pregnancy (in fallopian tubes), in infertility (cervical channel, endometrium and ovaries).

Lifetime Medical Costs of Genital Herpes in the United States: Estimates From Insurance Claims.

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the lifetime direct medical costs per incident case of genital herpes in the United States.

Methods: We used medical claims data to construct a cohort of people continuously enrolled in insurance for at least 48 consecutive months between 2010 and 2018. From this cohort, we identified initial genital herpes diagnoses as well as the cost of related clinical visits and medication during the 36 months after an initial diagnosis.

Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle system for vaginal delivery of acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa.

Methods: Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer 407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in nanoparticles were studied using 32 full factorial design.

Herpes Simplex Virus Serotyping in Pregnant Women With a History of Genital Herpes and an Outbreak in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objective: To estimate whether serotyping women with a history of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) and an outbreak during the third trimester of pregnancy is cost effective compared with no serotyping.

Methods: We designed a decision-analytic model using TreeAge Pro software to assess an approach of routine HSV serotyping in a theoretical cohort of 63,582 women (an estimate of the number of women in the United States with a history of genital HSV and an outbreak during the third trimester of pregnancy). Outcomes included mild, moderate, and severe neonatal HSV, neonatal death, costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for both the woman and neonate.

[Herpes simplex virus infections during pregnancy: epidemiology, clinical presentation and management].

The incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) neonatal infection is estimated to be 8.9 per 100,000 live births in Europe. Early treatment with intravenous acyclovir has transformed the prognosis but this infection remains severe since, despite the treatment, mortality is frequent in disseminated diseases and neurological sequelae are frequent when central nervous system is involved.