Utility of Various Activation Procedures in Provoking Ictal and Interictal Patterns, during Routine Electroencephalogram (rEEG) Recording.

Background: Activation procedures (APs) are adopted during routine electroencephalography (rEEG) to provoke interictal epileptiform abnormalities (EAs). This study aimed to observe interictal and ictal (EAs) of different EEG patterns, provoked by various APs.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neurology department of King Fahd hospital of university, Saudi Arabia.

Predictive modeling based on functional connectivity of interictal scalp EEG for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Objective: This study aims to delineate the electrophysiological variances between patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) and healthy controls and to devise a predictive model for long-term seizure outcomes.

Methods: The cohort consisted of 30 individuals in the seizure-free group, 23 in the seizure-residual group, and 20 in the control group. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of pretreatment electroencephalography, including the relative power spectrum (rPS), weighted phase-lag index (wPLI), and network metrics.

Temporal and Potential Predictive Relationships between Sleep Spindle Density and Spike-and-Wave Discharges.

Spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) and sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) hallmarks of absence seizures and nonrapid eye movement sleep, respectively. They are commonly generated by the cortico-thalamo-cortical network including the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). It has been reported that SWD development is accompanied by a decrease in sleep spindle density in absence seizure patients and animal models.

A Case Series of Novel Monogenic Abnormalities Associated With Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-and-Wave Activation in Sleep.

Background: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS) is a rare neurodevelopmental spectrum of disorders marked by regression associated with spike-and-wave activation in sleep.

Methods: As roughly 10% have a related genetic underpinning, we sought to describe narrative clinical histories of four patients at a single academic medical center with monogenic variants associated with DEE-SWAS. In sharing this case series, we aim to build on recent work investigating genetic DEE-SWAS.

Role of pediatric dentist in West syndrome rehabilitation: A case report.

Aim: West syndrome is characterized by a triad of infantile spasms, arrested psychomotor development, and pronounced paroxysmal electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, notably hypsarrhythmia. This case report aims to discuss the various considerations and strategies for the dental management of a child with West syndrome.

Method And Result: This report focuses on a case of a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with West Syndrome who presented for her first dental visit with complaints of pain and swelling in the right posterior tooth region for the past three weeks.

Effectiveness of add-on acetazolamide in children with drug-resistant CHD2-related epilepsy and in a zebrafish CHD2 model.

CHD2-related epilepsy is characterized by early-onset photosensitive myoclonic epilepsy with developmental delay and a high rate of pharmacoresistance. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) in CHD2-related epilepsy, due to ACZ's unexpected efficacy in our first patient harboring a pathogenic CHD2 variant. We collected patients from different Eastern European countries with drug-resistant CHD2-related epilepsy who were then treated with ACZ.

A Review of Hyperventilation Activation in Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Absence Epilepsy.

Childhood absence epilepsy is one of the most prevalent pediatric epilepsy syndromes, but diagnostic delay is common and consequential. Childhood absence epilepsy is diagnosed by history and physical examination including hyperventilation with electroencephalography (EEG) used to confirm the diagnosis. Hyperventilation produces generalized spike-wave discharges on EEG in >90% of patients with childhood absence epilepsy and provokes clinical absence seizures consisting of brief loss of consciousness typically within 90 seconds.

Exploring postictal recovery with acetaminophen or nimodipine: A randomized-controlled crossover trial.

Objective: The postictal state is underrecognized in epilepsy. Animal models show improvement of postictal symptoms and cerebral perfusion with acetaminophen or nimodipine. We studied the effects of acetaminophen or nimodipine on postictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recovery, clinical reorientation, and hypoperfusion in patients with ECT-induced seizures.

Neuronal rhythmicity and cortical arousal in a mouse model of absence epilepsy.

Objectives: Absence seizures impair psychosocial function, yet their detailed neuronal basis remains unknown. Recent work in a rat model suggests that cortical arousal state changes prior to seizures and that single neurons show diverse firing patterns during seizures. Our aim was to extend these investigations to a mouse model with studies of neuronal activity and arousal state to facilitate future fundamental investigations of absence epilepsy.

Generalizability of electroencephalographic interpretation using artificial intelligence: An external validation study.

Objective: The automated interpretation of clinical electroencephalograms (EEGs) using artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to bridge the treatment gap in resource-limited settings and reduce the workload at specialized centers. However, to facilitate broad clinical implementation, it is essential to establish generalizability across diverse patient populations and equipment. We assessed whether SCORE-AI demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of experts when applied to a geographically different patient population, recorded with distinct EEG equipment and technical settings.

Aperiodic Activity Indexes Neural Hyperexcitability in Generalized Epilepsy.

Generalized epilepsy (GE) encompasses a heterogeneous group of hyperexcitability disorders that clinically manifest as seizures. At the whole-brain level, distinct seizure patterns as well as interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) reflect key signatures of hyperexcitability in magneto- and electroencephalographic (M/EEG) recordings. Moreover, it had been suggested that aperiodic activity, specifically the slope of the 1/ decay function of the power spectrum, might index neural excitability.

Automated quantification of periodic discharges in human electroencephalogram.

Periodic discharges (PDs) are pathologic patterns of epileptiform discharges repeating at regular intervals, commonly detected in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in patients who are critically ill. The frequency and spatial extent of PDs are associated with the tendency of PDs to cause brain injury, existing automated algorithms do not quantify the frequency and spatial extent of PDs. The present study presents an algorithm for quantifying frequency and spatial extent of PDs.

Preliminary development and validation of the Indonesian Pediatric Epilepsy Questionnaire (INA-PEPSI) to determine epilepsy and distinguish focal and generalized epilepsy in infants and children with unprovoked seizure in low-resource settings.

Objective: To outline the preliminary development and validation of a questionnaire for diagnosing epilepsy and distinguishing focal and generalized epilepsy among infants and children in Indonesia, where electroencephalography and pediatric neurologists are generally not available.

Methods: A 10-question questionnaire comprising of 43 items was developed through literature review and expert panel discussions. Then, the questionnaire was administered by pediatricians to 75 children aged 1 month to 18 years old presenting with >1 episode of unprovoked seizures at an interval of >24 h.

New-Onset Seizures and Seizure Worsening in the Course of COVID-19 Infection.

Introduction: The aim of our study is to assess the clinical manifestations, investigation results, and outcomes in Bulgarian patients with seizures in the course of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: We performed an open, prospective study during a 12-month period from January 2021 with the participation of 290 inpatients and outpatients with seizures who attended the Clinic of Neurology at the University Hospital in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. After a detailed anamnesis, they underwent neurological examination, EEG, neuroimaging, and lumbar puncture when needed.

Huperzine A suppresses absence seizures in the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) model of genetic generalized epilepsy with absence seizures.

Objective: We evaluated huperzine A treatment in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) model of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) with absence seizures.

Methods: Adult male GAERS (N = 15) were implanted with EEG recording electrodes 10 days before receiving study drug. Each animal received the following six treatments as a single, intraperitoneal dose, 7 days apart (in random order): huperzine A (0.