Association of non-English as primary language on clinical outcomes for arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system.

Approximately 22 ​% of the United States population communicates in a non-English language, potentially impacting healthcare communication and outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between non-English primary language (NEPL) and surgical outcomes and none to our knowledge in patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adults who underwent AVF creation for hemodialysis access between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019.

Association Between Language, Interpreter Use, and Pediatric Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Inequities exist in pediatric surgical outcomes. Differential outcomes have been identified across racial groups, geography, and socioeconomic standing. However, the association between preferred language, interpreter use, and surgical outcomes is not well-studied in pediatric surgical literature.

Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic.

Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients.

Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection: A randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background Aims: The role of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following curative resection remains controversial. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant TACE in HCC patients.

Approach Results: In this randomized phase 3 trial, histologically confirmed HCC patients (AJCC TNM stage I and II) were randomly assigned (1:1) to adjuvant TACE or observation groups.

Precision Medicine Proof-of-Concept Study of a TNF Inhibitor in FSGS and Treatment-Resistant Minimal Change Disease.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and treatment-resistant minimal change disease (TR-MCD) are heterogeneous disorders with subgroups defined by distinct underlying mechanisms of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. A non-invasive urinary biomarker profile has been generated to identify patients with intra-kidney tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-activation and to predict response to anti-TNF treatment. We conducted this proof-of-concept, multi-center, open-label clinical trial to test the hypothesis that in patients with FSGS or TR-MCD and evidence of intra-renal TNF activation based on their biomarker profile, short-term treatment with adalimumab would reverse the elevated urinary excretion of MCP-1 and TIMP-1.

CKD Management in the Age of Telenephrology: An Observational Analysis of a Hybrid Telenephrology System within a Veteran's Affairs Medical Center.

Background: Nephrology has seen an uptake in transition to remote care delivery. The impact of telenephrology care on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is not well defined.

Methods: We analyzed data from patients naturally selected for telenephrology versus standard, in-person visits.

Factors Influencing Preoperative Psychological Resilience in Patients With Traumatic Lower Extremity Fractures.

Background: The psychological resilience of patients with traumatic lower extremity fractures is relevant and has been studied in the postoperative rehabilitation phase; yet, few studies have focused on the early preoperative phase.

Objective: This study aims to explore preoperative psychological resilience in patients with traumatic lower extremity fractures.

Methods: This single-center cross-sectional survey design study was conducted over 5 months from December 2022 to April 2023 in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China.

Rib and Sternum Nonunions: Diagnosis and Treatment and Awareness of Other Potential Posttraumatic Pathology.

As the operative management of acute, chest wall, skeletal injury escalates throughout the world, it has become commonplace for patients with posttraumatic conditions to present with clinical reconstructive challenges as well. In addition, it is becoming clear that rib nonunions are not rare, likely more than 5% of rib fractures. No subspecialty is better equipped to address such painful conditions than orthopaedic surgery.

Proteins and pathways involved in inflammation are longitudinally associated with total body bone mineral density among primarily hispanic overweight/obese adolescents and young adults.

Bone mineral density (BMD), an important marker of bone health, is regulated by a complex interaction of proteins. Plasma proteomic analyses can contribute to identification of proteins associated with changes in BMD. This may be especially informative in stages of bone accrual and peak BMD achievement (i.

Association of blood urea nitrogen with 28-day mortality in critically ill patients: A multi-center retrospective study based on the eICU collaborative research database.

Objective: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a commonly used biomarker for assessing kidney function and neuroendocrine activity. Previous studies have indicated that elevated BUN levels are associated with increased mortality in various critically ill patient populations. The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between BUN and 28-day mortality in intensive care patients.

Screening for anxiety in patients with cancer: Diagnostic accuracy of GAD-7 items considering lowered GAD-7 cut-offs.

Background: A standard questionnaire for generalized anxiety disorders is the GAD-7. Attempts to improve its screening capacity in oncological settings resulted in a discussion about lowering its cut-off. This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of the GAD-7 items depending on applied cut-offs and whether, similar to depressive symptoms, a distinction between somatic-emotional and cognitive items might be relevant.

Specialization of the human hippocampal long axis revisited.

The hippocampus possesses anatomical differences along its long axis. Here, we explored the functional specialization of the human hippocampal long axis using network-anchored precision functional MRI in two independent datasets (N = 11 and N = 9) paired with behavioral analysis (N = 266 and N = 238). Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that the anterior hippocampus was preferentially correlated with a cerebral network associated with remembering, while the posterior hippocampus selectively contained a region correlated with a distinct network associated with behavioral salience.

The chromatin remodeler ADNP regulates neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes and neocortical neurogenesis.

Although chromatin remodelers are among the most important risk genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the roles of these complexes during brain development are in many cases unclear. Here, we focused on the recently discovered ChAHP chromatin remodeling complex. The zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factor ADNP is a core subunit of this complex, and de novo mutations lead to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.

Association between cardiometabolic index and overactive bladder in adult American women: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common disorder, particularly in women, and its symptoms, including urgency, frequency, and nocturia, can significantly affect quality of life. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metabolic risk indicator that has been receiving more attention lately. This study investigated the association between CMI and OAB in adult women.

Effect of one dose of ceftriaxone during endotracheal intubation on the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in cerebral hemorrhage patients: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study protocol.

Introduction: Patients with cerebral hemorrhage often require a tracheal intubation to protect the airway and maintain oxygenation. Due to the use of analgesic and sedative drugs during endotracheal intubation and the opening of the glottis may easily cause aspiration pneumonia. Ceftriaxone is a semi-synthetic third-generation cephalosporin with strong antimicrobial activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Respectful maternity care and mistreatment: Women's experiences during induction of labor and childbirth in Ghana.

Background: Most studies on respectful maternity care (RMC) and mistreatment of women have focused on intrapartum care with limited information on how women are treated during induction of labor (IOL), pre-labor phase of the maternity care continuum. Emerging multi-country evidence indicates that nearly 30% of women who undergo IOL do not consent to the procedure and constitutes a violation of their rights to optimal maternal health. This study explored women's lived experiences of respectful care and mistreatment during IOL in a tertiary setting in Ghana.

A prospective observational study on persistent postoperative pediatric pain, 4P: The study protocol.

Background: Access to adequate pain treatment is a fundamental right, yet international data suggest that a considerable number of children experience acute and persistent pain. Little is known about the occurrence of both acute and persistent pain in children. The incidence of persistent postoperative pain in children is an unexplored area but international studies suggest that many children experience long-term pain after surgery, with a major impact on daily life.

Safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in non-emergent patients with a history of seizures: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is well established as a treatment for various medical conditions. However, it poses a risk of oxygen toxicity, which can cause seizures particularly in individuals with pre-existing seizure disorders. Consequently, seizure disorders are considered a relative contraindication to HBOT.

Comparative effectiveness of acupoint stimulation for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: A network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of different acupoint stimulation techniques in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after general anesthesia.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase for relevant papers, about the effect of acupoint stimulation for preventing PONV from their inception to July 31, 2023. Two reviewers performed study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment.

[The image is the key: unilateral absence of a branch of the pulmonary artery].

Unlabelled: Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare and underdiagnosed entity. Due to its varied clinical expression, especially respiratory and most frequently associated with congenital heart disease, it can also present in isolation and remain asymptomatic for a long time. There is no consensus on its treatment, which is generally reserved for the presence of complications, mainly pulmonary hypertension, hemoptysis, or recurrent respiratory infections.

Characterization of strength, endurance and lung function in subjects with neuromuscular diseases with the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene.

Unlabelled: The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism determines the expression of alpha-actinin 3 protein in human muscle. The homozygous XX genotype fails to synthesize alpha-actinin 3 and is associated with lower muscle strength than the RR genotype. Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) generate an accelerated loss of muscle strength, and their relationship with the ACTN3 gene has not been established.

[Delayed appendectomy in the pediatric patient. How safe is it?].

Unlabelled: Delayed appendectomy is an option in centers where there is no pediatric surgeon on call.

Objective: to analyze the results of delayed versus immediate surgery in non-complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients.

Patients And Method: Analytical quasi-experimental study including appendectomies performed for uncomplicated appendicitis in children aged between 6 and 14 years.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for World Health Organization Grade 2 and 3 Oligodendroglioma: An International Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors classified as isocitrate deshydrogenase-mutant and 1p19q codeleted in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of central nervous system tumors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are well-established management options for these tumors. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for oligodendroglioma.

Metabolic consequences and tubular function after augmentation cystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder.

Background: Many studies have reported the renal outcomes and metabolic consequences after augmentation cystoplasty (AC), however few studies have discussed changes in renal tubular function. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic disturbances, evaluate renal tubular function and 24-hour urine chemistry to evaluate the association between metabolic alterations and urolithiasis after AC.

Methods: We investigated serum biochemistry, blood gas, and 24-hour urinary metabolic profile of children who underwent AC between January 2000 and December 2020.