Vaccination Hesitancy and Its Impact on Immunization Coverage in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.

One significant global health issue that is present in more than 190 nations globally is routine vaccination reluctance. This study aimed to synthesize the current evidence on vaccination hesitancy and its impact on immunization coverage in pediatrics. We searched for relevant studies across four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/EMBASE, and Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature).

Monitoring low-value care in medical patients from Swiss university hospitals using a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) national data stream and patient and public involvement: LUCID study protocol.

Introduction: Healthcare practices providing minimal or no benefit to recipients have been estimated to represent 20% of healthcare costs. However, defining, measuring and monitoring low-value care (LVC) and its downstream consequences remain a major challenge. The purpose of the National Data Stream (LUCID NDS) is to identify and monitor LVC in medical inpatients using routinely collected hospital data.

Access to specialist plastic surgery in rural vs. Urban areas of Africa.

Introduction: Plastic surgery is an essential yet underdeveloped field in many African nations, especially in rural areas. The demand for plastic surgery is increasing, but differences in access to respective services between rural and urban domiciles remain ever existent, despite the exponentiation of trauma, burns, and congenital disorders. According to this review, urban areas have access to better facilities and specialized surgeons, while rural areas frequently lack infrastructure, educated healthcare personnel, and medical resources.

The Many Faces of Good Operating Room Supervision: Supervisors' and Residents' Perspectives After Operating Together.

Objective: Effective operating room (OR) learning requires surgical and surgical-educational skills. Current insights into educational skills of surgical educators are derived from general perceptions of supervisors and residents via survey and interview studies. This study aims to provide insight into what educators and residents perceive as good OR supervision behavior based on actual day-to-day collaboration.

Integrated Multidisciplinary Approach to Acute Chest Pain: Perspectives From Family Medicine, Emergency Medicine, and Internal Medicine.

Background: Acute chest discomfort is a common clinical problem that has to be well understood and managed collaboratively by specialists from many fields of medicine.

Objective: This study aimed to explore and evaluate the perspectives of healthcare professionals in family, emergency, and internal medicine regarding the management of acute chest pain, with a specific focus on diagnostic practices, interdisciplinary collaboration, and protocol adherence to establish best practices for a unified approach.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study, conducted from June 2022 to July 2024, included 218 healthcare professionals with over a year of experience in family, emergency, and internal medicine, selected through convenient sampling from hospitals such as Lady Reading Hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Mardan Medical Complex, and Government Mian Meer Hospital.

Trends and Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low-Resource Settings: Lessons From Two African Healthcare Systems-A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has been a promising development in surgical practice globally ever since its introduction. LS has exhibited many an advantage, including bettering patient outcomes, lowering the risk of postoperative infection, and displaying economical affluence. However, its implementation in the African continent still faces various challenges.

An Investigation of the Barriers to Care of Adult Patients With a Tracheostomy in Intensive Care Units and General Wards: Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Interview Data.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate the barriers experienced by intensive care nurses and registered nurses and to provide optimal nursing for adult patients with a temporary tracheostomy in intensive care and general wards.

Background: Tracheostomy is widely used in intensive care units, around 20% of intensive care unit patients undergo tracheostomy insertions and expect high quality of care. Caring for patients with a tracheostomy is complex and challenging task.

Current challenges in dental education- a scoping review.

Introduction: This scoping review aimed to review the various challenges facing dental education. Dental education faces multiple institutional, student and faculty-based challenges. Institutional challenges include updating infrastructure resources, recruiting qualified faculty, and implementing administrative policies that enhance dental education.

Decoding the Risks of Fecal Incontinence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Closed Internal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissure.

Introduction An anal fissure is marked by a longitudinal tear in the mucosal lining of the lower anal canal, causing painful defecation and mild anal bleeding. The classical triad includes an anal ulcer, a sentinel tag, and a hypertrophic papilla. This study investigates the frequency of fecal incontinence in patients with anal fissure undergoing closed internal sphincterotomy, offering recent insights for treatment recommendations.

The Efficacy of Biodegradable Temporising Matrix for Upper Limb Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of the biodegradable temporising matrix (BTM) (NovoSorb; PolyNovo Biomaterials Pty Ltd, Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) in the reconstruction of complex upper extremity wounds. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines assessing the efficacy of BTM in complex upper extremity wound reconstruction. The primary outcome measures were successful BTM integration and the proportion of wounds healed.

Paediatric rotations in undergraduate medical education in Switzerland: Meeting students' expectations and the goals of the competency-based learning catalogue PROFILES.

Introduction: The competency-based catalogue of learning objectives "Principal Relevant Objectives and Framework for Integrative Learning and Education in Switzerland" (PROFILES) based on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) was newly introduced in 2018 in undergraduate medical education in Switzerland. Clerkships provide opportunities for students to train clinical skills and competencies within the curriculum. This study aims to assess the students' experiences during paediatric clerkships and whether they achieve the expected competency level of certain EPAs by the end of their training.

Self-Reported Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Among Women of Reproductive Age in Zambia: Evidence from the 2021 Zambia Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) Survey.

Background: Despite Zambia implementing the World Health Organisation's (WHO) tri-pillar cervical cancer prevention goals 90-70-90 Prevent, Screen, and Treat, cervical cancer claims 2000 lives annually and reigns as the most common cancer among women, especially those living with HIV (WLHIV). Our study describes the national uptake of screening and treatment from the ZAMPHIA 2021 survey.

Methods: Utilising a two-stage cluster sampling approach, the study included participants aged 15 years and older across Zambia's ten provinces.

An international and multidisciplinary EORTC survey on resectability of stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The EORTC-Lung Cancer Group initiated a Delphi consensus process to establish a consensual definition of resectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for the use in clinical trials, including a systematic review, survey, and review of clinical cases. Here, the survey results are presented, aimed to identify areas of controversy.

Methods: A survey was distributed among the members of six international organizations related to lung cancer.

Parastomal Varices as an Atypical Source of Bleeding From a Urostomy in a Patient With Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Parastomal varices are an uncommon but significant source of hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension, often posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 73-year-old male with a history of alcoholic liver disease and a urostomy following cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. The patient presented with profuse bleeding from his urostomy site.

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: A population-based cohort study on incidence, treatment, and outcome in the Netherlands.

Introduction: Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a poor prognosis. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) with or without etoposide consolidated by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are recommended for fit PTCL patients. The role of etoposide and ASCT in EATL is unclear.

The Efficacy of Combined Decompression of Carpal and Cubital Tunnel in the Setting of Cervical Spine Stenosis: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background and objective Hand numbness, often associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), significantly impacts the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined carpal and cubital tunnel decompression (CCTD) in patients with concurrent mild to moderate cervical spine stenosis when compared to single decompression procedures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 100 patients who underwent decompression surgery for hand numbness and concurrent cervical spine stenosis, with positive electromyography (EMG) results in some cases, between January 1, 2023, and January 1, 2024.

Assessing the Quality of Use of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylactic Devices for Stroke Patients at Leeds General Infirmary: An Audit and Re-audit.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from stroke. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCs) and geko™ devices are used to reduce the risk of VTE in patients who have suffered an acute stroke. Correct use of the devices is essential for achieving the reduced risk of VTE.

Tailoring capsid-directed evolution technology for improved AAV-mediated CAR-T generation.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) therapies present options for patients diagnosed with certain leukemias. Recent advances of the technology included a method to integrate the CAR into the T cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) locus to take advantage of the endogenous promoter and regulatory elements for CAR expression. This method used adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors based on AAV6 to deliver the donor template encoding the CAR construct.

Global Insights from Patients, Providers, and Staff on Challenges and Solutions in Managing Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a global public-health concern, associated with a considerable burden to individuals, healthcare systems, and society. The objective of this study was to understand different perspectives on the challenges associated with the clinical management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, which could elucidate measures to comprehensively improve clinical care and outcomes.

Methods: A survey was carried out of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, their providers, and clinic staff in 77 clinics across 24 countries on six continents, from a diverse range of healthcare systems, settings, and reimbursement models.

Improving Clinical Management of Diabetic Macular Edema: Insights from a Global Survey of Patients, Healthcare Providers, and Clinic Staff.

Introduction: In contrast with patients receiving therapy for retinal disease during clinical trials, those treated in routine clinical practice experience various challenges (including administrative, clinic, social, and patient-related factors) that can often result in high patient and clinic burden, and contribute to suboptimal visual outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand the challenges associated with clinical management of diabetic macular edema from the perspectives of patients, healthcare providers, and clinic staff, and identify opportunities to improve eye care for people with diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a survey of patients with diabetic macular edema, providers, and clinic staff in 78 clinics across 24 countries on six continents, representing a diverse range of individuals, healthcare systems, settings, and reimbursement models.

Effect of National Accreditation Board for Hospital-Recommended Trainings on Patient Care Standards: A Comparative Study Based on the National Quality Assurance Standards Guidelines in a Tertiary Health-care Institute.

Background: The National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) have been developed keeping in specific requirements for public health facilities as well global best practices. Standards are primarily meant for providers to assess their quality for improvement through predefined standards and to bring up their facilities for certification.

Objectives: To study the effect of National Accreditation Board for Hospitals (NABH)-recommended training on patient care standards based on NQAS guidelines.

Outcomes of Gallbladder Drainage Techniques in Acute Cholecystitis: Percutaneous Versus Endoscopic Methods.

Acute cholecystitis, often caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct, is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires timely intervention. High-risk patients, particularly those with significant comorbidities, may not be suitable candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, necessitating alternative drainage techniques such as percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) and endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGD). This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of PC and EGD in managing acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients.

Association of Liver Biomarkers With Jaundice in Patients With Gastrointestinal Complications: An Observational Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Jaundice is a state of disease in liver function often along with gastrointestinal (GI) complications primarily characterized by hyperbilirubinemia. Other tests regarding liver function are often used besides bilirubin as during any liver complications biomarkers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and many other biomarkers even total protein metabolism might get disrupted and get released in the blood. However, no comparison or association among those biomarkers was determined in a cohort.