Diet and exercise in NAFLD/NASH: Beyond the obvious.

Lifestyle represents the most relevant factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Although a tremendous body of clinical and preclinical data on the effectiveness of dietary and lifestyle interventions exist, the complexity of this topic makes firm and evidence-based clinical recommendations for nutrition and exercise in NAFLD difficult. The aim of this review is to guide readers through the labyrinth of recent scientific findings on diet and exercise in NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), summarizing "obvious" findings in a holistic manner and simultaneously highlighting stimulating aspects of clinical and translational research "beyond the obvious".

PNPLA3 is the dominant SNP linked to liver disease severity at time of first referral to a tertiary center.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes including PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13 and SERPINA1 have been identified as risk modifiers of progression in chronic liver disease (CLD). However, it is unclear whether genotyping for these risk variants is useful in clinical routine.

Methods: Liver disease severity was assessed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and by presence of clinical manifestations of advanced-chronic liver disease (ACLD) in 779 consecutive CLD patients at the time of referral to a tertiary center.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Lean Subjects: Associations With Metabolic Dysregulation and Cardiovascular Risk-A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Although a milder metabolic phenotype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in lean patients (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) compared to overweight/obese patients with NAFLD is assumed, the relevance of NAFLD among lean subjects remains a matter of debate. We aimed to characterize the metabolic/cardiovascular phenotype of lean patients with NAFLD.

Methods: In total, 3,043 subjects (cohort I) and 1,048 subjects (cohort II) undergoing screening colonoscopy between 2010 and 2020 without chronic liver disease other than NAFLD were assigned to one of the following groups: lean patients without NAFLD, lean NAFLD, overweight NAFLD (BMI 25-30 kg/m2), and obese NAFLD (BMI >30 kg/m2).

PNPLA3 and SERPINA1 Variants Are Associated with Severity of Fatty Liver Disease at First Referral to a Tertiary Center.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including and have been identified as risk modifiers in the progression fatty liver disease (alcoholic (ALD) or non-alcoholic (NAFLD)). While has been studied in various settings, the value of both SNPs has so far not been addressed in a real-world cohort of subjects referred for a diagnostic work-up of liver disease. Thus, liver disease severity was assessed in 1257 consecutive patients with suspected ALD or NAFLD at the time of referral to a tertiary center.

NAFLD and Cardiovascular Diseases: Epidemiological, Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations.

Overwhelming evidence suggests an association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely speculative. It is, however, likely that common mechanisms contribute to the development of CVD and NAFLD, with lifestyle factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle with poor nutrition habits and physical inactivity being major candidates. These behavioral factors, on a predisposing genetic background, trigger changes in gut microbiota, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, leading to metabolic syndrome, diabetes and obesity as well as atherosclerosis.

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in an adult patient: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), first described in 1961, is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing enteropathy. The disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia. Since the severity and location of lymph vessels being affected can vary considerably, the range of associated symptoms is wide from mild lower-limb edema to generalized edema, abdominal and/or pleural effusion, and recurrent diarrhea, among others.

Nut consumption and the prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Nut consumption has been associated with reduced inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. However, the influence on the prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has yet to be evaluated.

Methods: 4655 subjects were included as part of a colorectal carcinoma screening program (SAKKOPI) between 07/2010 and 07/2019 and analyzed 2020.

Cardiovascular health care and health literacy among immigrants in Europe: a review of challenges and opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Europe is a destination for many migrants, a group whose proportion of the overall population will increase over the next decades. The cardiovascular (CV) risk distribution and outcomes, as well as health literacy, are likely to differ from the host population. Challenges related to migrant health status, cardiovascular risk distribution and health literacy are compounded by the ongoing (COVID-2019) crisis.

rs641738C>T near MBOAT7 is associated with liver fat, ALT and fibrosis in NAFLD: A meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: A common genetic variant near MBOAT7 (rs641738C>T) has been previously associated with hepatic fat and advanced histology in NAFLD; however, these findings have not been consistently replicated in the literature. We aimed to establish whether rs641738C>T is a risk factor across the spectrum of NAFLD and to characterise its role in the regulation of related metabolic phenotypes through a meta-analysis.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of studies with data on the association between rs641738C>T genotype and liver fat, NAFLD histology, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipids or insulin.

Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Is Independently Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in a Large Austrian Screening Cohort.

Background: Many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) simultaneously suffer from cardiovascular (CV) disease and often carry multiple CV risk factors. Several CV risk factors are known to drive the progression of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

Objectives: To investigate whether an established CV risk score, the Framingham risk score (FRS), is associated with the diagnosis of NAFLD and the degree of fibrosis in an Austrian screening cohort for colorectal cancer.

Atrial Fibrillation: A New Indicator for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Screening Colonoscopy.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and potentially preventable malignancy. Evidence has emerged that coronary artery disease patients are at increased risk for developing CRC by shared risk factors. Here we investigated an association between CRC and atrial fibrillation (AF), a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk, in the setting of routine screening colonoscopy.

Horsepower of Doctors' Cars Correlates with Cardiovascular Risk and Sedentary Lifestyle but Not with Sexual Dysfunction or Sexual Satisfaction.

The horsepower not only of doctors' cars correlates with personal income and social status. However, no clear relationship has previously been described between the horsepower of doctors' cars and cardiovascular health or sexual dysfunction and/or satisfaction. Cross-sectional online survey to evaluate associations between self-reported horsepower of physicians' cars and health aspects.

Lean Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have a Severe Histological Phenotype Similar to Obese Patients.

A small proportion of lean patients develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to report the histological picture of lean NAFLD in comparison to overweight and obese NAFLD patients. Biopsy and clinical data from 466 patients diagnosed with NAFLD were stratified to groups according to body mass index (BMI): lean (BMI ≤ 25.

Association between Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetes with Colorectal Neoplasia: A Site-Specific Analysis.

Several studies have shown site-specific differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) with respect to the risk factors. CRC was shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors, but site-specific variations have not been investigated so far. This study aimed to assess the associations between the prevalence and subsite-specific differences of colorectal neoplasia and established CVR scores or known coronary artery disease (CAD) in a large asymptomatic European screening cohort ( = 2098).

Ultrasound verified inflammation and structural damage in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis-related arthropathy.

Background: Chronic arthropathy occurs in approximately two thirds of patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH). The aim was to study inflammatory and structural lesions in patients with HH with (HH-A) and without arthropathy (HH-WA) using ultrasonography.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 26 patients with HH-A, 24 with HH-WA and 37 with hand osteoarthritis (HOA).

Segmental torsion assessment is a reliable method for in-depth analysis of femoral alignment in Computer Tomography.

Purpose: De-rotational osteotomies are indicated in patients with pathologic femoral torsion. However, there is disagreement whether an osteotomy should be performed proximally or distally. Conventionally only the total torsion is measured, which does not allow differentiation between a torsional deformity located in the proximal or distal metaphysis or the diaphysis.

A 1-Year Prospective Analysis of Ice Climbing Injuries.

Objective: To describe rates, patterns, and causes of acute injuries in an increasingly popular outdoor sport.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: One winter season ranging from November 2011 to March 2011.

The Contribution of Different Femur Segments to Overall Femoral Torsion.

Background: Femoral torsion is a critical parameter in hip and knee disorders. The unproven assumption is that the femoral neck exclusively contributes to the overall torsion of the femur.

Purpose/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to measure femoral torsion at different levels in patients with abnormally high or low femoral torsion and to compare the results with healthy volunteers.

Femoral Metastasis from Penile Carcinoma: Report of 2 Cases.

Purpose. Penile cancer rarely gives symptomatic skeletal metastases. Methods.

Mitochondrial Haplogroup T Is Associated with Obesity in Austrian Juveniles and Adults.

Background: Recent publications have reported contradictory data regarding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation and its association with body mass index. The aim of the present study was to compare the frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups as well as control region (CR) polymorphisms of obese juveniles (n = 248) and obese adults (n = 1003) versus normal weight controls (njuvenile = 266, nadults = 595) in a well-defined, ethnically homogenous, age-matched comparative cohort of Austrian Caucasians.

Methodology And Principal Findings: Using SNP analysis and DNA sequencing, we identified the nine major European mitochondrial haplogroups and CR polymorphisms.

Oxidized LDL Is Strictly Limited to Hyperthyroidism Irrespective of Fat Feeding in Female Sprague Dawley Rats.

Metabolic dysfunctions might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a controlled diet (normal versus high fat feeding) on hypothyroid and hyperthyroid Sprague Dawley rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 66) were grouped into normal diet (n = 30) and high-fat diet (n = 36) groups and subdivided into controls, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups, induced through propylthiouracil or triiodothyronine (T3) treatment, respectively.