Antimicrobial Susceptibility Among Gram-Negative Isolates in Pediatric Patients in Latin America, Africa-Middle East, and Asia From 2016-2020 Compared to 2011-2015: Results From the ATLAS Surveillance Study.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data in the pediatric population are limited, particularly in developing countries. This study assessed the AMR profile and key resistance phenotypes and genotypes for Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolates collected as part of the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance program from pediatric patients in Latin America, Africa-Middle East, and Asia in 2016-2020 versus 2011-2015.

Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations by broth microdilution methodology were interpreted per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Endocannabinoid system and aggression across animal species.

This narrative review article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and aggression across multiple vertebrate species. Experimental evidence indicates that acute administration of phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and the pharmacological enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling decreases aggressive behavior in several animal models. However, research on the chronic effects of cannabinoids on animal aggression has yielded inconsistent findings, indicating a need for further investigation.

Healthcare Cost and Outcomes Associated With Surgical Site Infection and Patient Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a growing global concern. The principal explanation for this is its adverse clinical outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality. However, the link between the economic burden of SSIs and patient outcomes needs to be sufficiently characterized.

Unraveling the Role of EV-Derived miR-150-5p in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Its Association with High-Grade Gleason Scores: Implications for Diagnosis.

Metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality in prostate cancer patients. The presence of tumor cells in lymph nodes is an established prognostic indicator for several cancer types, such as melanoma, breast, oral, pancreatic, and cervical cancers. Emerging evidence highlights the role of microRNAs enclosed within extracellular vesicles as facilitators of molecular communication between tumors and metastatic sites in the lymph nodes.

Pachydermodactyly: Soft Tissue Enlargement of the Fingers in a Teenager.

Pachydermodactyly (PDD) is an uncommon and benign digital fibromatosis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a fusiform swelling of the medial and lateral sides of the fingers, with unspecific histopathological features of an increased number of fibroblasts, collagen, and mucin deposit in the dermis. Due to its rarity, PDD could be misdiagnosed as rheumatic arthropathies, which could lead to unnecessary immunosuppressant treatments.

Triple nerve transfers for the management of early unilateral facial palsy.

Background: Early onset facial paralysis is usually managed with cross-face nerve grafts, however the low number of axons that reach the target muscle may result in weakness or failure. Multiple-source innervation, or 'supercharging', seeks to combine the advantages of different donor nerves while minimizing their weaknesses. We propose a combination of cross-face nerve grafts with local extra-facial nerve transfers to achieve earlier facial reanimation in our patients.

Presence of human adenovirus 36 in visceral fat tissue, viral load, and analysis of its genetic variability.

It has been proposed that infection by adipogenic viruses constitutes a "low risk" factor for obesity. Here, we report the presence of adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and its viral load copy number in fat tissue of participants with obesity and normal weight; phylogenetic analysis was performed to describe their relationship and genetic variability among viral haplotypes. Adipose tissue obtained from 105 adult patients with obesity (cases) and 26 normal-weight adult participants as controls were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplifying the partial Ad36 E1a gene.

Remote Assessment of Parkinson's Disease Patients Amidst the COVID-19 Lockdown in Mexico.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges in managing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) due to disruptions in healthcare services and the need for social distancing. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on PD symptoms is crucial for optimizing patient care. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data obtained during the period of COVID-19 lockdown, comparing it with analogous timeframes in 2018 and 2019.

Consensus document on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) established by the Mexican Association of Hepatology.

Acute-on chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been an intensively debated topic mainly due to the lack of a unified definition and diagnostic criteria. The growing number of publications describing the mechanisms of ACLF development, the progression of the disease, outcomes and treatment has contributed to a better understanding of the disease, however, it has also sparked the debate about this condition. As an attempt to provide medical professionals with a more uniform definition that could be applied to our population, the first Mexican consensus was performed by a panel of experts in the area of hepatology in Mexico.

Postoperative complications and predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Background: There are limited data about the perioperative outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients that needed emergency general surgery. The aim of the present study was to describe the perioperative outcomes and mortality of patients with COVID-19 who underwent emergency surgery.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of COVID-19 patients symptomatic versus asymptomatic from March 2020 to February 2022 that needed an emergency surgery in a national referral hospital.

Predictive validity of a parental questionnaire for identifying children with developmental language disorders.

Background: The underdiagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD) in children is a serious problem in developing countries with limited resources. It has long been noted that the concerns parents have about their children's health and development are richly informative, and if this information can be used for diagnosis, it may provide a means to address the problem of underdiagnosis of DLD. This study aimed to quantify the utility of parental linguistic concern questions (PLCQ) on the identification of language disorders in monolingual Spanish-speaking children in Mexico.

An Overview on Research in a University Hospital, Using a Payback Framework Categorization Approach.

Background And Objective: Little information is available on how to assess the impact of research studies conducted in government hospitals in Latin America and specifically in Mexico. We aimed to determine the returns on investment of the research projects that were carried out in the Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez" (HGMGG), a general university hospital located in Mexico City, using a categorization model.

Presence of human papillomavirus in the buccal mucosa of blood donors.

Objective: To determine the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the oral mucosa of blood donors (BD) and risk factors associated with HPV and oral cancer.

Materials And Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study, population matched to BD from the National Cancer Institute, Mexico for HPV identification in oral cytological samples using the CLART® Human Papillomavirus 2 Kit (35 genotypes) and risk factors.

Results: Of 352 BD with signed informed consent, 285 were selected by simple randomization.

The link between lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and metabolic variables in patients with severe obesity.

Background: Obesity, a public health problem, is a state of metainflammation that influences the development of chronic degenerative diseases, particularly in patients with severe obesity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evidence immunometabolic differences in patients with different degrees of obesity, including severe obesity, by determining correlations between lymphocyte subpopulations and metabolic, body composition, and clinical variables.

Methods: Peripheral blood immune cells (CD4+, CD8+ memory and effector T lymphocytes) were analyzed, and measures of body composition, blood pressure, and biochemical composition (glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the lipid profile) were carried out in patients with different degrees of obesity.

CB1R chronic intermittent pharmacological activation facilitates amphetamine seeking and self-administration and changes in CB1R/CRFR1 expression in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens in rats.

Patterns of drug ingestion may have a dissimilar impact on the brain, and therefore also the development of drug addiction. One pattern is binge intoxication that refers to the ingestion of a high amount of drug on a single occasion followed by an abstinence period of variable duration. In this study, our goal was to contrast the effect of continuous low amounts with intermittent higher amounts of Arachidonyl-chloro-ethylamide (ACEA), a CB1R agonist, on amphetamine seeking and ingestion, and describe the effects on the expression of CB1R and CRFR1 in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS).

Lemmel's Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases at the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez in Mexico City.

The term ¨Lemmel Syndrome¨ is used to describe obstructive jaundice that is secondary to periampullary duodenal diverticula (PDD) in the absence of choledocholithiasis or neoplasia. PDD is found in 22% of the population. According to our knowledge, only two cases of Lemmel syndrome have been reported in Mexico.

Secondary alopecia induced by aesthetic procedures: An unrecognized potential complication.

Surgical facelifts and noninvasive techniques such as mesotherapy, hyaluronic fillers and botulinum toxin, among other procedures are widely used nowadays to reverse skin ageing and achieve rejuvenation effects. Secondary alopecia due to cosmetic procedures is a rare side effect and is poorly described in the literature. The mechanisms in which hair loss develops after an aesthetical procedure or surgical technique are not well known.