Regional patterns of human cortex development correlate with underlying neurobiology.

Human brain morphology undergoes complex changes over the lifespan. Despite recent progress in tracking brain development via normative models, current knowledge of underlying biological mechanisms is highly limited. We demonstrate that human cortical thickness development and aging trajectories unfold along patterns of molecular and cellular brain organization, traceable from population-level to individual developmental trajectories.

Technoeconomic analysis of solar PV electrification to remote areas of Dera Ghazi Khan: A case study.

With the increase in population at an immense rate, electricity demand is growing exponentially. Researchers and policymakers are seeking alternating means of power generation to meet the load demand. These resources should be cost-effective, environmentally friendly and least carbon emissions.

Evaluation of Fracturing Effect of Tight Reservoirs Based on Deep Learning.

The utilization of hydraulic fracturing technology is indispensable for unlocking the potential of tight oil and gas reservoirs. Understanding and accurately evaluating the impact of fracturing is pivotal in maximizing oil and gas production and optimizing wellbore performance. Currently, evaluation methods based on acoustic logging, such as orthogonal dipole anisotropy and radial tomography imaging, are widely used.

Target engagement of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex with transcranial temporal interference stimulation in major depressive disorder: a protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial.

Background: Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a new, emerging neurostimulation technology that utilizes two or more electric fields at specific frequencies to modulate the oscillations of neurons at a desired spatial location in the brain. The physics of tTIS offers the advantage of modulating deep brain structures in a non-invasive fashion and with minimal stimulation of the overlying cortex outside of a selected target. As such, tTIS can be effectively employed in the context of therapeutics for the psychiatric disease of disrupted brain connectivity, such as major depressive disorder (MDD).

Deletion of p38 MAPK in macrophages ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis.

One of the most common causes of peritoneal dialysis withdrawal is ultrafiltration failure which is characterized by peritoneal membrane thickening and fibrosis. Although previous studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of p38 MAPK inhibitors on peritoneal fibrosis in mice, it was unclear which specific cells contribute to peritoneal fibrosis. To investigate the role of p38 MAPK in peritoneal fibrosis more precisely, we examined the expression of p38 MAPK in human peritoneum and generated systemic inducible p38 MAPK knockout mice and macrophage-specific p38 MAPK knockout mice.

Choline Metabolites and 15-Year Risk of Incident Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort of Adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective: The potential for choline metabolism to influence the development of diabetes has received increased attention. Previous studies on circulating choline metabolites and incident diabetes have been conducted in samples of older adults, often with a high prevalence of risk factors.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were from year 15 of follow-up (2000-2001) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 3,133, aged 33-45 years) with plasma choline metabolite (choline, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide [TMAO]) data.

Adaptation of sleep to daylight saving time is slower in people consuming a high-fat diet.

Adaptation of the circadian clock to the environment is essential for optimal health, well-being, and performance. Animal models demonstrate that a high-fat diet impairs circadian adaptation to advances of the light-dark cycle; it is unknown whether this occurs in humans. Utilizing a natural experiment that occurs when humans must advance their behaviors to an earlier hour for daylight saving time (DST), we measured the influence of diet on sleep/wake timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset time.

The E × B magnetized plasma device (EMPD).

A plasma device has been created to study dynamic plasma coupling in an E × B-drifting magnetized plasma. The E × B magnetized plasma device is a 1.2 m diameter by 2 m long cylindrical chamber with two sets of Helmholtz coils in a mirror configuration.

Research on extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave model and simulation in wellbore communication.

Over recent years, as digitalization and intelligence in oil wellbore have increased, so have the stricter requirements for wireless communication technology in terms of distance, accuracy, and portability. As a result, it's necessary to rely on more advanced and efficient wireless communication technologies to meet the industry's needs. However, traditional communication technologies such as cables and optical fibers have inherent shortcomings in construction, data interpretation, and cost.

Optimization of Fuzzy Control Parameters for Wind Farms and Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on an Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm under Multi-Source Sensor Data.

With the rapid development of sensors and other devices, precise control for the generation of new energy, especially in the context of highly stochastic wind power generation, has been strongly supported. However, large-scale wind farm grid connection can cause the power system to enter a low inertia state, leading to frequency instability. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have the advantages of a fast response speed and high flexibility, and can be applied to wind farm systems to improve the frequency fluctuation problem in the process of grid connection.

Characteristic Study of a Typical Satellite Solar Panel under Mechanical Vibrations.

As the most common energy source of spacecraft, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become one of the hottest research fields. During the on-orbit operation of spacecraft, the influence of various uncertain factors and the unbalanced inertial force will make the solar PV wing vibrate and degrade its performance. In this study, we investigated the influence of mechanical vibration on the output characteristics of PV array systems.

An assessment of the renewable energy potential of oil palm residues: A case study of CDC plantation, Cameroon.

Cameroon faces enormous clean energy accessibility challenges despite abundant energy resources and huge quantities of free oil palm residues (OPR) generated but dumped yearly from the agro-industrial companies like the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC). Presently, electricity supply is mainly from hydro (73 %) with accessibility of 65 % and 14 % for urban and rural areas respectively, while energy mix is historically dominated by traditional biomass fuels such as firewood and charcoal, accounting for more than 76 % of the country's total energy consumption. The hydro supply is not regular as it depends on weather conditions and this has negatively impacted the economy.

Spatiotemporal Nitric Oxide Modulation via Electrochemical Platform to Profile Tumor Cell Response.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule intricately implicated in oncologic processes, encompassing the modulation of angiogenesis and instigating apoptosis. Investigation of the antitumor effects of NO is currently underway, necessitating a detailed understanding of its cellular-level reactions. Regulating the behavior of radical NO species has been a significant challenge, primarily due to its instability in aqueous environments by rapid O-induced degradation.

Accurate prediction of three-dimensional humanoid avatars for anthropometric modeling.

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that anthropometric dimensions derived from a person's manifold-regression predicted three-dimensional (3D) humanoid avatar are accurate when compared to their actual circumference, volume, and surface area measurements acquired with a ground-truth 3D optical imaging method. Avatars predicted using this approach, if accurate with respect to anthropometric dimensions, can serve multiple purposes including patient body composition analysis and metabolic disease risk stratification in clinical settings.

Methods: Manifold regression 3D avatar prediction equations were developed on a sample of 570 adults who completed 3D optical scans, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) evaluations.

BrainSegFounder: Towards 3D foundation models for neuroimage segmentation.

The burgeoning field of brain health research increasingly leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze and interpret neuroimaging data. Medical foundation models have shown promise of superior performance with better sample efficiency. This work introduces a novel approach towards creating 3-dimensional (3D) medical foundation models for multimodal neuroimage segmentation through self-supervised training.

Dietary limonene promotes gastrointestinal barrier function via upregulating tight/adherens junction proteins through cannabinoid receptor type-1 antagonistic mechanism and alters cellular metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells.

Limonene, a dietary monocyclic monoterpene commonly found in citrus fruits and various aromatic plants, has garnered increasing interest as a gastrointestinal protectant. This study aimed to assess the effects of limonene on intestinal epithelial barrier function and investigate the involvement of cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) in vitro. Additionally, the study focused on examining the metabolomic changes induced by limonene in the intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2).

Performance Correction and Parameters Identification Considering Non-Uniform Electric Field in Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters.

In the current electromechanical model of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvesters, the assumption of uniform electric field strength within the piezoelectric layer is commonly made. This uniform electric field assumption seems reasonable since the piezoelectric layer looks like a parallel-plate capacitor. However, for a piezoelectric bender, the strain distribution along the thickness direction is not uniform, which means the internal electric field generated by the spontaneous polarization cannot be uniform.

Clinical Outcomes of Non-Stent-Based Interventions for Symptomatic Below-the-Knee Peripheral Artery Disease in the Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease (XLPAD) Registry.

For endovascular treatment of below-the-knee (BTK) peripheral artery disease (PAD), independently adjudicated real-world outcomes comparing non-stent-based balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) and adjunctive treatments with or without a concomitant ipsilateral femoropopliteal (FP) artery intervention are scarce. A total of 1,060 patients from the multicenter XLPAD registry who underwent non-stent-based BTK PAD intervention between 2006 and 2021 were included. The primary outcome was the 1-year incidence of major adverse limb events (MALEs), a composite of all-cause death, any amputation, or clinically driven repeat revascularization.

The Mechanism of Death in Electrocution: A Historical Review of the Literature.

Our present understanding of electrocution followed a long path of detours and speculation. It is now hard to appreciate how mysterious was an unexpected sudden death-without visible trauma-and we should be sympathetic to the surprising theories that came from well-intentioned attempts to find something in the autopsy of an electrocution victim.The early hypotheses (1880s) tended to favor effects on the central nervous system, but the emphasis switched to arterial and hematological mechanisms as well as respiratory arrest (ie, asphyxia) along with a widespread publication debate.

RawHash2: mapping raw nanopore signals using hash-based seeding and adaptive quantization.

Summary: Raw nanopore signals can be analyzed while they are being generated, a process known as real-time analysis. Real-time analysis of raw signals is essential to utilize the unique features that nanopore sequencing provides, enabling the early stopping of the sequencing of a read or the entire sequencing run based on the analysis. The state-of-the-art mechanism, RawHash, offers the first hash-based efficient and accurate similarity identification between raw signals and a reference genome by quickly matching their hash values.

Guideline on positioning and early mobilisation in the critically ill by an expert panel.

A scientific panel was created consisting of 23 interdisciplinary and interprofessional experts in intensive care medicine, physiotherapy, nursing care, surgery, rehabilitative medicine, and pneumology delegated from scientific societies together with a patient representative and a delegate from the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies who advised methodological implementation. The guideline was created according to the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF), based on The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II. The topics of (early) mobilisation, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, assist devices for mobilisation, and positioning, including prone positioning, were identified as areas to be addressed and assigned to specialist expert groups, taking conflicts of interest into account.

A Miniaturized Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for Use in Hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis is achieved by implanting a smart arteriovenous graft (AVG) to build a vascular pathway, but reliability and stability in data transmission cannot be guaranteed. To address this issue, a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized implantable antenna operating at 1.4 GHz (for energy transmission) and 2.