Device-related patient outcomes for coronary stents: A MAUDE database analysis.

The growing prevalence of coronary artery diseases in the US corresponds to the increasing use of minimally invasive techniques that require coronary stents. Although extensive research is available on the perioperative outcomes of the 3 stent options - bare-metal stents (BMS), drug-eluting stents (DES), and bioresorbable drug-eluting stents (BVS), a knowledge gap exists in the longitudinal monitoring of patient outcomes due to device-related causes. Therefore, our study examines the device-related patient outcome and the relative performance for BMS, DES, and BVS.

Association Between Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Among Asian Americans.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence varies widely among Asian American adults. The American Heart Association added healthy sleep to its metrics to define ideal cardiovascular health. Little is known about the association between sleep and CVD prevalence among Asian subgroups.

Investing in a New Role to Increase Timely Morning Discharges in the Inpatient Setting.

Objective: Delays in discharges have a downstream effect on emergency department admissions, wait times, intensive care unit transfers, and elective admissions. This quality improvement project's aim was to increase the percentage of discharges before noon from a hospital medicine service from 19% to 30% over a 6-month period and sustain the increase for 6 months.

Methods: Interventions included introduction of a dedicated patient flow provider (PFP), optimization of workflow, technology assistance with discharge tasks, and multidisciplinary education on patient flow.

Rationale for phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition as a treatment strategy for interstitial lung diseases associated with rheumatic diseases.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with rheumatoid arthritis or with connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis can be collectively named systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-associated ILDs (SARD-ILDs) or rheumatic musculoskeletal disorder-associated ILDs. SARD-ILDs result in substantial morbidity and mortality, and there is a high medical need for effective therapies that target both fibrotic and inflammatory pathways in SARD-ILD. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) hydrolyses cyclic AMP, which regulates multiple pathways involved in inflammatory processes.

Globular-shaped Aβ oligomers have diverse mechanisms for promoting Aβ aggregations with the facilitation of fibril elongation.

The accumulation of amyloid β-proteins (Aβ) in the extracellular space, forming insoluble plaques, is a primary pathological process underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the various Aβ species that appear during Aβ aggregation, Aβ oligomers are considered the most neurotoxic form. However, the precise mechanisms of their molecular functions within the Aβ aggregation cascade have not been clarified so far.

Large Language Models May Help Patients Understand Peer-Reviewed Scientific Articles About Ophthalmology: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Adequate health literacy has been shown to be important for the general health of a population. To address this, it is recommended that patient-targeted medical information is written at a sixth-grade reading level. To make well-informed decisions about their health, patients may want to interact directly with peer-reviewed open access scientific articles.

Preferences, Perceptions, and Environmental Considerations of Natural and Synthetic Psychedelic Substances: Findings from the Global Psychedelic Survey.

Although several studies have well described the characteristics of people who use psychedelics alongside their motivations and beliefs, little research has examined the preferences surrounding the source of psychedelic substances. In an anonymous online survey, we collected data from 6,379 consumers of 11 different psychedelic substances from 85 different countries, exploring their preferences and perceptions on natural and synthetic psychedelics. There was a strong preference of natural sources over synthetic alternatives for psilocybin (75%), DMT (56%), and mescaline (56%).

Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?

This study examined the association between cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV), a non-mean-based indicator of underlying neuropathology, and self-reported everyday functioning of 1,086 women with HIV (WWH) and 494 socio-demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Objective cognitive performance across seven domains and the self-rated Lawton & Brody scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Two types of cognitive IIV were calculated by taking the standard deviation across seven cognitive domains to calculate dispersion: 1) intra-individual standard deviation (denoted as IIV) and 2) coefficient of variation (denoted as IIV).

How crosstalk between mitochondria, lysosomes, and other organelles can prevent or promote dry age-related macular degeneration.

Organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum form highly dynamic cellular networks and exchange information through sites of physical contact. While each organelle performs unique functions, this inter-organelle crosstalk helps maintain cell homeostasis. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating blinding disease strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and decreased clearance of cellular debris in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Multiomic molecular patterns of lipid dysregulation in a subphenotype of sepsis with higher shock incidence and mortality.

Background: Lipids play a critical role in defense against sepsis. We sought to investigate gene expression and lipidomic patterns of lipid dysregulation in sepsis.

Methods: Data from four adult sepsis studies were analyzed and findings were investigated in two external datasets.

Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial: Integrating the 'Time-limited Trial' in the emergency department.

Introduction: Time-limited trial (TLT) is a structured approach between clinicians and seriously ill patients or their surrogates to discuss patients' values and preferences, prognosis, and shared decision-making to use specific therapies for a prespecified period of time in the face of prognostic uncertainty. Some evidence exists that this approach may lead to more patient-centered care in the intensive care unit; however, it has never been evaluated in the emergency department (ED). The study protocol aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of TLTs initiated in the ED.

Variation in Emergency Department Physician Admitting Practices and Subsequent Mortality.

Importance: An emergency department (ED) physician's decision to admit a patient to the hospital plays a pivotal role in determining the type and intensity of care that patient will receive. ED physicians vary widely in their propensity to admit patients to the hospital, but it is unknown whether higher admission propensities result in lower subsequent mortality rates.

Objective: To measure the variation in ED physicians' admission propensities and estimate their association with patients' subsequent mortality rates.

Clinical and Radiologic Predictors of Response to Teprotumumab: A 3D Volumetric Analysis of 35 Patients.

Purpose: Teprotumumab, a novel human monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reverse the clinical manifestations of thyroid eye disease. Previous reports have suggested that it demonstrates disease-modifying properties through the reduction of orbital fat and muscle volumes. This study aims to analyze orbital volumetric change following treatment and to identify clinical and radiological predictors of response.

Influence of prestroke glycemic status on outcomes by age in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study aimed to explore the association between admission HbA1c and the risk of 1-year vascular outcomes stratified by age group in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This study analyzed prospective multicenter data from patients with AIS and DM. Admission HbA1C were categorized as:≤6.

Psychotropic medication usage in sporadic versus genetic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: Psychotropic medication (PM) use in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is higher than in other dementias. However, no information exists on whether PM use differs between sporadic and genetic bvFTD.

Methods: We analyzed data from sporadic and genetic bvFTD participants with PM prescriptions in the Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects study.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

HIPSTR: highest independent posterior subtree reconstruction in TreeAnnotator X.

In Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic studies it is common to summarise the posterior distribution of trees with a time-calibrated consensus phylogeny. While the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree is often used for this purpose, we here show that a novel consensus tree method - the highest independent posterior subtree reconstruction, or HIPSTR - contains consistently higher supported clades over MCC. We also provide faster computational routines for estimating both consensus trees in an updated version of TreeAnnotator X, an open-source software program that summarizes the information from a sample of trees and returns many helpful statistics such as individual clade credibilities contained in the consensus tree.

Differing genetics of saline and cocaine self-administration in the hybrid mouse diversity panel.

To identify genes involved in regulating the behavioral and brain transcriptomic response to the potentially addictive drug cocaine, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for intravenous self-administration of cocaine or saline (as a control) over 10 days using a panel of inbred and recombinant inbred mice. A linear mixed model increased statistical power for these longitudinal data and identified 145 loci for responding when saline only was delivered, compared to 17 for the corresponding cocaine GWAS. Only one locus overlapped.

Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation with Subsequent Trans-Scleral Diode Cyclophotocoagulation as the Main Intervention if IOP Remained Medically Uncontrolled.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation with subsequent trans-scleral diode cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) as the main intervention if IOP remained medically uncontrolled.

Patients And Methods: Charts of 108 consecutive eyes (90 patients) that underwent AGV implantation from 2003 to 2018 at a single clinical practice were retrospectively reviewed. The procedure was considered a failure if any of the following occurred: additional incisional glaucoma surgery, IOP >21 mmHg or < 20% reduction from baseline on 2 consecutive study visits after 3 months, IOP ≤ 5 mmHg on 2 consecutive study visits after 3 months, loss of light perception, or AGV removal.

The "FitBrain" program: implementing exergaming & dual-task exercise programs in outpatient clinical settings.

Dual-task training and exergaming interventions are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance cognitive, physical, and mood outcomes among older adults and individuals with neurological conditions. Despite this, clinical and community programs that use these interventions are limited in availability. This paper presents the "FitBrain" program, an outpatient clinical model that combines dual-task and exergaming interventions to promote cognitive and physical health.

Productive infection of the retinal pigment epithelium by SARS-CoV-2: Initial effects and consideration of long-term consequences.

As the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues to evolve and infect the global population, many individuals are likely to suffer from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Manifestations of PASC include vision symptoms, but little is known about the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect and impact the retinal cells. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and perturb the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vivo, after intranasal inoculation of a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in cell culture.

Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.