Explicitly diverse visual question generation.

Visual question generation involves the generation of meaningful questions about an image. Although we have made significant progress in automatically generating a single high-quality question related to an image, existing methods often ignore the diversity and interpretability of generated questions, which are important for various daily tasks that require clear question sources. In this paper, we propose an explicitly diverse visual question generation model that aims to generate diverse questions based on interpretable question sources.

Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise blunts the reduction in power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition.

Purpose: To determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise on durability of the moderate-to-heavy-intensity transition and severe-intensity performance.

Methods: Twelve trained cyclists and triathletes (10 males, 2 females; peak, 59 ± 5 mL kg min; training volume, 14 ± 5 h week) performed an incremental test and 5-min time trial (TT) without prior exercise (PRE), and after 150 min of moderate-intensity cycling, with (POST) and without (POST) carbohydrate ingestion.

Results: Power output at the first ventilatory threshold (VT) was lower in POST (225 ± 36 W, ∆ -3 ± 2%, P = 0.

A position and wave spectra dataset of Marginal Ice Zone dynamics collected around Svalbard in 2022 and 2023.

Sea ice is a key element of the global Earth system, with a major impact on global climate and regional weather. Unfortunately, accurate sea ice modeling is challenging due to the diversity and complexity of underlying physics happening there, and a relative lack of ground truth observations. This is especially true for the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), which is the area where sea ice is affected by incoming ocean waves.

Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume on [F]FDG PET/CT in addition to the TNM classification system of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is commonly based on [F]FDG PET/CT, in particular to exclude distant metastases and guide local therapy approaches like resection and radiotherapy. Although it is hoped that PET/CT will increase the value of primary staging compared to conventional imaging, it is generally limited to the characterization of TNM. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the PET parameter metabolic tumor volume (MTV) above liver background uptake as a prognostic marker in lung cancer.

Predicting preterm birth using electronic medical records from multiple prenatal visits.

This study aimed to predict preterm birth in nulliparous women using machine learning and easily accessible variables from prenatal visits. Elastic net regularized logistic regression models were developed and evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation on data from 8,830 women in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: New Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) dataset at three prenatal visits: - , - , and - weeks of gestational age (GA). The models' performance, assessed using Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, consistently improved with the incorporation of data from later prenatal visits.

Comparison of physical, mechanical, and optical properties between thermoplastic materials and 3-dimensional printing resins for orthodontic clear retainers.

Introduction: This study investigated the physical, mechanical, and optical properties of 3-dimensional (3D) printing resins compared with thermoplastic materials to evaluate their suitability for the fabrication of orthodontic clear retainers.

Methods: Samples were prepared from thermoplastic sheets (Duran [Scheu-Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany] and Zendura [Bay Materials LLC, Fremont, Calif]) and biocompatible 3D-printing resins (Dental LT Clear V2 [Formlabs Inc, Somerville, Mass] and OrthoFlex [Nextdent BV, Soesterberg, The Netherlands]) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and water sorption tests.

Structure-guided design of a Z-mediated dual-enzyme nanoreactor for chiral amine synthesis.

The synthesis of chiral amines is of critical importance but still challenging. Here, we present a self-sufficient and reusable dual-enzyme nanoreactor for chiral amine synthesis, featuring Z-mediated site-specific immobilization of amine dehydrogenase (AmDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) onto mesoporous silica nanoflowers (MSN). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the Z tag was bound to MSN via electrostatic interactions, thus maintaining the fusion enzyme's active pocket accessibility and improving its catalytic performance.

Construction and microencapsulation of tea polyphenols W/O/W double emulsion based on modified gluten (MEG).

The objective of this study was to solve instability and low bioavailability of tea polyphenols (TPs), and to explore the application of gluten protein as microcapsule wall material. Modified gluten protein (MEG), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), xanthan gum (XG) or acacia gum (GA) were used as composite wall materials to encapsulate TPs by double-emulsion technique, and the physicochemical and structural properties of the products were characterized. The results show that the composite wall material effectively encapsulated and enhanced the stability of TPs.

Biocontrol of virulent Listeria monocytogenes using green carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals-silver nano-biohybrids.

L. monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, known to cause food poisoning and systemic disease, specifically listeriosis. This species has shown resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, making the search for new alternative therapies is a pressing matter.

Thermosensitive, injectable, antibacterial glabridin liposome/chitosan dual network hydrogel for diabetic wound healing.

Thermosensitive hydrogels show great potential in healing diabetic wounds, but they are still challenged by the long healing time, risk of infectivity, and accumulation of melanin. Herein, a dual network hydrogel is designed, which consists of chlorogenic acid (CA) modified chitosan (CS) (CA@CS), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), and glabridin liposomes (GL). The gelation transition temperature of the hydrogel is 32-34 °C, which thus endows it with superior injectability at ambient temperature.

scRGCL: a cell type annotation method for single-cell RNA-seq data using residual graph convolutional neural network with contrastive learning.

Cell type annotation is a critical step in analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. A large number of deep learning (DL)-based methods have been proposed to annotate cell types of scRNA-seq data and have achieved impressive results. However, there are several limitations to these methods.

Shifts in seasonal influenza patterns in Australia during and after COVID-19: A comprehensive analysis.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza virus circulation was heavily suppressed worldwide. In Australia, since the virus re-emerged in 2022, shifts in seasonal influenza patterns have been observed. Both the 2022 and 2023 seasons started earlier than pre-pandemic norms and were categorised as moderate to severe, highlighting the renewed importance of prevention strategies for seasonal influenza.

Revisiting marine heatwaves baselines in warming oceans under nonstationary condition.

Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged episodes of above- 'normal' Sea Surface Temperature (SST) which have imposed detrimental impacts on oceans and their dependent ecosystem services. The key question still remained unresolved or at least still not fully addressed in MHW science, is 'What is a valid normal or baseline?'. In other words, can the conventional 'normal' serve as a realistic valid baseline in today's oceans experiencing the impacts of contemporaneous climatic changes and global warming during anthropogenic era? To robustly address this issue, we attempted to propose a methodology for identifying MHW thresholds that accounts for SST warming.

Visualization study of the effects of polycarboxylates on CO hydrate generation and interfacial property.

Marine carbon sequestration, with its high potential and low risk of leakage, is an attractive technology for effectively addressing global climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A current concern about marine sequestration lies in the potential negative effects of the carbon sequestration process on the marine environment. CO hydrate sequestration is considered to be one of the most stable method of sequestration, and researchers are actively searching for promoters that facilitate hydrate sequestration and are friendly to the marine environment.

Utilizing heterogeneity of lignin to diminish supercooling of phase change material nano-capsules with high latent heat.

Fatty acids, in particular, are valued as phase change materials (PCMs) for their non-toxic, biodegradable nature and thermal stability. However, the leakage and supercooling issues during phase transitions limit their application. Microencapsulation of PCMs, while improving thermal response, often leads to supercooling, complicating temperature regulation and increasing energy consumption.

Application of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in forensic science - A review.

The paper presents the possibilities of using the ToF-SIMS technique in the examination of a range of samples as forensic evidence. These include the analysis of documents, the examination of writing media, the analysis of crossing lines, the analysis of cosmetics, hair analysis, the examination of automobile paints, and the analysis of fingerprints and their contamination with exogenous substances. The advantages and disadvantages of this method were analysed with reference to the information that any forensic investigator would wish to obtain when examining highly significant evidence.

Utilizing urban and agricultural waste for sustainable production of mesoporous hybrid nanocomposites in synthetic dye removal and antimicrobial activity.

The discharge of untreated dye waste from various industrial sectors into wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks. This study presents an innovative approach by developing a cost-effective and eco-friendly hybrid mesoporous nanocomposite, silver nanoparticles@mesoporous mango peel-derived carbon (AgNPs@MMC), synthesized from agricultural waste (mango peels) and urban waste (X-ray film waste). The core objectives of this work are: (i) recycling agricultural and urban waste to produce valuable materials; (ii) achieving effective removal of methyl violet 10B (MV10B) through simultaneous adsorption and photocatalytic degradation; and (iii) evaluating the antimicrobial properties of the developed material.

Chlorine and UV combination sequence: Effects on antibiotic resistance control and health risks of ARGs.

The effective control of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments is urgent. The combined chlorine and UV processes (Cl-UV, UV/Cl, and UV-Cl) are considered potential control processes for controlling antibiotic resistance. This study compared the effectiveness of these three processes in real water bodies and the potential health risks associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after treatments.

The criticality of exports sophistication and CO emissions: A new path towards sustainable environmental management.

This study investigates the relation between exports sophistication and CO emissions, with particular attention paid to how foreign direct investment moderates them in Asian economies from 1995 to 2020. This study investigates the influence of exports sophistication, which measures productivity and income associated with an export basket, on environmental quality. Utilizing a two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), we found that exports sophistication has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO emissions.

Persuasive strategies in digital interventions to combat internet addiction: A systematic review.

Background: The internet provides valuable benefits in supporting our lives. However, concerns arise regarding internet addiction, a behavioural disorder due to excessive and uncontrolled internet use that has harmful effects on human health and wellbeing. Studies highlighted the potential of digital behaviour change interventions to address health behaviour problems.

Effect of frozen storage on the untargeted and targeted metabolites of flavored roasted beef using UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS.

In this study, we investigated the changes in untargeted metabolites using UHPLC-MS/MS and the flavors of nonflavored (BS1) and flavored (BS2) roasted beef using GC-MS throughout a 6-month frozen period. A total of 509, 659, and 496 metabolites met the conditions for differential screening, and 56, 103, and 47 differential metabolites were recognized between BS1 and BS2 at 0, 3, and 6 months of frozen periods, respectively. The total relative abundance of organic nitrogen compounds, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, organic acids and their derivatives, and benzenoids increased during frozen storage at 3 months and then decreased at 6 months.

Novel decision-level fusion strategies combined with hyperspectral imaging for the detection of soybean protein content.

Soybeans are used for human consumption or animal feed due to their abundant protein content. In this study, visible-near infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and short-wave infrared HSI combined with three-levels data fusion methods were employed to detect the protein content of soybean seeds, including measurement-level fusion, feature-level fusion, and decision-level fusion. Additionally, three novel decision-level fusion methods were proposed, including binary linear regression, feature-based multiple linear regression (MLR), and model-based MLR.

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites for electrochemical evaluation of food-based preservative and bioactive targets of hydrogen peroxide and rutin in real fruit and drug samples.

Development of a reliable tool to detect hydrogen peroxide (HO) and rutin in food-derived products and bioactive flavonoids is essential for food safety. Nevertheless, food/drug-based real samples are complex matrices that affect the sensor's specificity and sensitivity. For this purpose, we developed a simple electrochemical detection platform using covalent organic framework‑silver nanoparticles (COF-AgNPs).