Curcumin attenuates ulcerative colitis via regulation of Sphingosine kinases 1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Curcumin, a compound from Curcuma longa L., has significant anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory activity in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) remain inadequately understood.

Turning the Tide of Viral Hepatitis-Induced Acute Liver Failure: The Role of Standard Volume Plasma Exchange in Adults and Children.

Introduction: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is the most widely used artificial liver support system in liver failure patients.

Cases: We report five cases of viral hepatitis induced ALF 3 adult (case I, II, III) and two pediatric (case IV and V) patients not adequately responding to standard medical treatment (SMT). Case I and II were acute hepatitis B infections while case III was an antenatal case with acute hepatitis E.

Dexlansoprazole acts as a disruptor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and ITE.

Dexlansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is commonly used to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis. The activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) functions as a transcription factor by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) of its target genes, with cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 being the most well-known target. In this study, we demonstrated that dexlansoprazole stimulates AhR activity, leading to increased CYP1A1 expression.

Cytokeratin 18 fragment in liver inflammation and fibrosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the diagnostic accuracy and cut-off values of cytokeratin (CK) 18 measurements, specifically M30 and M65, as candidate biomarkers for the pathological evaluation of biopsy specimens used to stage liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Methods: Databases were searched for studies collected up to January 11th, 2025. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves, and mean cut-off values were calculated using random-effects models regardless of heterogeneity.

From gut to liver: Exploring the crosstalk between gut-liver axis and oxidative stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now recognized as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), represents a significant and escalating global health challenge. Its prevalence is intricately linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and other components of the metabolic syndrome. As our comprehension of MASLD deepens, it has become evident that this condition extends beyond the liver, embodying a complex, multi-systemic disease with hepatic manifestations that mirror the broader metabolic landscape.

Computer-Assisted Classification of the Squamocolumnar Junction.

Background And Aims: An irregular z-line is characterized by a squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) that extends proximally above the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) by < 1 centimeter (cm), while Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as a columnar lined esophagus (CLE) that extends proximally by ≥1 cm with the presence of specialized intestinal metaplasia (IM) on biopsy. Measurement of CLE is most accurate for lengths ≥1 cm, and as such, guidelines do not recommend biopsy of an irregular z-line when seen on endoscopy. However, a CLE is often estimated by visual inspection rather than direct measurement, making this characterization imprecise.

Yield of Esophageal Biopsy Patterns for the Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background And Aims: The pattern of inflammation in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is patchy, necessitating multiple biopsies to optimize diagnostic yield. Current consensus-based guidelines recommend 6 total biopsies at two sites: distal and either middle or proximal esophagus, although based on limited data. We aimed to determine whether this biopsy protocol sufficiently captures EoE diagnoses by evaluating the distribution of eosinophilia in a large EoE cohort.

Cracking the code: lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA integrated network analysis unveiling lncRNAs as promising non-invasive NAFLD biomarkers toward precision diagnosis.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves abnormal fat accumulation in the liver, mainly as triglycerides. It ranges from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to inflammation, cellular damage, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for regulating gene expression across various conditions.

Dyslipidemia: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment at the first level of medical contact.

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in Mexico as well as the rest of the world, with dyslipidemia being one of the main risk factors. Despite the importance of its epidemiological impact, there is still -among primary care physicians- a lack of knowledge ranging from the basic concepts for diagnosis to the most recent recommendations for treatment. This document consisting of 10 questions is done by experts in this field.

Elastographic evaluation for fatty liver disease in north Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: The prevalence and predisposing factors to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children with type 1 Diabetes (T1D) living in developing countries are unknown.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with T1D. The presence of liver fat and tissue stiffness were assessed by ultrasonography and shear-wave elastography (SWE), respectively.

Achievement of duodenal ulcer remission by vedolizumab in children with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are treated with corticosteroids and food allergen elimination. However, treatment for refractory cases is not standardized. We demonstrate the efficacy of vedolizumab, an anti-α4β7 integrin agent, in 2 children with duodenal ulcers developed by non-eosinophilic esophagitis EGIDs.

Laparoscopic robotic-assisted ileo-caecal resection with intracorporeal anastomosis in children with Crohn disease: initial experience of a paediatric center and surgical feasibility.

Purpose: Pediatric-onset Crohn's disease (CD) presents with a more aggressive course than adults. Surgical treatment is still necessary in many patients. The laparoscopic technique for treating terminal ileal CD is deemed safe and feasible, with the advantage to perform an intra-corporeal anastomosis (ICA).

Retrospective analysis of disease characteristics and treatment patterns among patients with esophageal cancer across 14 surgically represented centers.

Objective: Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks eighth among cancers in cancer-related deaths globally, and ~44% of new cases occur in China. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment landscape of EC in China before the approval of immunotherapy in 2020.

Methods: CHANNEL was a large, retrospective study using patient-level data from 14 hospitals/cancer centers across China, including adults initiating therapy for newly diagnosed EC (January to December 2018).

Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded.

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with significant elevations to fecal calprotectin, systemic inflammatory markers.

Objectives: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a marker commonly used in the diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, other gastrointestinal conditions, like H. pylori (HP) infection, can result in increased neutrophil activity as well.

A rare case of colonic ulcer.

A 72-year-old woman presented to our outpatient department due to diarrhea that began 10 days ago without a known trigger. The patient presented with frequent (four to five times a day), loose yellow stool, containing significant mucus. She reported no obvious symptoms such as abdominal distension, pain, chills or fever, and her medical history included diabetes and hypertension.