The Importance of Artificial Intelligence in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, especially in specialties where visualization methods are applied. AI is defined as a computer's ability to achieve human cognitive performance, which is accomplished through enabling computer "learning". This can be conducted in two ways, as machine learning and deep learning.

Current Trends in the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Serbia: Preliminary Results from the European Registry on H. pylori Management.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic bacterial infection. Treatment effectiveness remains a subject of debate considering bacterial antimicrobial resistance.

In Search for Reasons behind Eradication Failure-Assessment of the Antibiotics Resistance Rate and Co-Existence of with Species.

eradication is characterized by decreasing successful eradication rates. Although treatment failure is primarily associated with resistance to antibiotics, other unknown factors may influence the eradication outcome. This study aimed to assess the presence of the antibiotics resistance genes in and the presence of spp.

Dyspepsia Challenge in Primary Care Gastroenterology.

Background: The purpose of this review is to take a deep dive into general problems and challenges of diagnosis and treatment of patients with symptoms of dyspepsia in primary care practice.

Summary: Primary care physicians become acquainted with a broad range of clinical problems and therefore require a wide span of knowledge in taking care of patients from their first medical examination within the health care system. Dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection are two of the most frequent reasons of digestive-related health care issues, despite that in primary care practice, current recommendations for diagnosis and differential therapy are often not implemented.

Abnormal Liver Blood Tests: Hepatologist Approach.

Background: Available data suggest that the prevalence of chronic liver disease (CLD) and primary liver cancer is rising in Europe and represents a major public health problem. Predictions are showing that these trends will continue to rise in the upcoming years.

Summary: Alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcohol fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C are the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in Europe.

Abnormal Liver Blood Tests: Primary Care Approach.

Background: According to recent epidemiological data, annual deaths due to liver disease have increased dramatically, while predictions show that trends will continue to rise in the upcoming years.

Summary: Abnormal liver blood tests are one of the most common challenges encountered in the primary care setting. The prevalence of mildly elevated transaminase levels is around 10-20% in the general population.

Chronic Abdominal Pain: Gastroenterologist Approach.

Background: Abdominal pain is a common symptom of gastroenterology examination. Chronic abdominal pain is present for >3 months.

Summary: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered by both gastroenterologists and general practitioners.

Anemia as a Problem: GEH Approach.

Background: Anemia is present in almost 5% of adults worldwide and accompanies clinical findings in many diseases. Diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver are a common cause of anemia, so patients with anemia are often referred to a gastroenterologist.

Summary: Anemia could be caused by various factors such as chronic bleeding, malabsorption, or chronic inflammation.

Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Single-Center Experience in Serbia.

Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune disease, predominantly affecting middle-aged women, which may progress to end-stage liver disease. We aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with PBC given that social, economic, and geographical factor also influence QoL.

Methods: This study included patients with diagnosed PBC according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines, who were treated for at least 6 months in order to allow adequate time for the initial burden of symptoms to subside.

Burden of Gastroduodenal Diseases from the Global Perspective.

Purpose Of Review: We reviewed the recent medical literature to show global burden of gastroduodenal disease, potential strategies, and further perspectives.

Recent Findings: Gastrointestinal and liver diseases are growing health problems, and cause more than 8 million deaths per year worldwide; encompass a range of long-term health conditions, such as digestive cancers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, peptic ulcer disease, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Scientific knowledge demonstrates that the noncommunicable disease burden can be greatly reduced if cost-effective preventive and curative actions, along with interventions for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases already available, are implemented in an effective and balanced manner.

Why the N (Nutrition) was Added in the EAGEN Acronym?

Background: Nutrition has been neglected for a long time as an important factor in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases, but also in the treatment, despite Hippocrates long ago insisted "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food."

Summary: New insights into the importance of nutrition in the emergence of disease, and especially in the field of prevention of diseases of the digestive tract, impose the need to pay special attention to the nutrition field. The goal of nutrition as one of the focuses of European Association on Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition (EAGEN) activities means awareness of the importance and the goal of making nutrition knowledge a part of comprehensive gastroenterologist's continuous education.

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Case Study of the Rare Onset in the First Trimester.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a gestation-specific liver disorder, defined most often as the onset of pruritus, usually from the third trimester of pregnancy, associated with abnormal liver test results and/or increased total serum bile acids and spontaneous relief after delivery. The 21-year-old patient was admitted to our ward in the 11th week of pregnancy due to raised liver enzymes. The first onset of pruritus and jaundice appeared a month before hospitalization.