Patient-controlled analgesia in cancer pain management across African healthcare settings: a scoping review protocol.

Background: Cancer pain management is critical, especially at advanced stages. This is particularly important in Africa as most cancers are typically diagnosed at advanced stages. Given the central role of adequate pain management in advanced cancer care, this scoping review aims to examine the utilisation of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in cancer pain management within African healthcare settings.

Novel Mutation in the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene Associated With Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia.

We present a case of a 75-year-old woman with persistent hypercalcemia (serum calcium 10.7 mg/dL, ionized calcium 1.37 mmol/L), elevated parathyroid hormone levels (86.

Mobile phone call reminders to improve oral rehydration salt and zinc adherence for acute diarrhea in children: a single-center, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc therapy effectively manage diarrhea in children under five years of age, offering both short- and long-term benefits. Despite this, caregivers' adherence to ORS and zinc is often unsatisfactory due to factors such as forgetfulness, resolution of symptoms, and underestimation of the disease's severity. This study assessed the effect of mobile call reminders on ORS and zinc tablet adherence among children with acute diarrhea in a secondary-level health facility in Kwara State, Nigeria.

Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate by a Single Surgeon in North-Central Nigeria: Surgical Results and Postoperative Complications.

Background: There has been an upsurge in the use of electrocautery in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in our environment. Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) still remains the gold standard in the surgical management of BPH.

Objectives: To present our experience and the clinical outcome of M-TURP in north-central Nigeria.

Intrathoracic Transposition of a Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap for Complicated Chronic Empyema Thoracis: A Plea for its Popularity in our Subregion.

Introduction: Empyema thoracis is a debilitating disease that still constitutes a significant burden among thoracic surgical diseases in our environment. It sometimes occurs secondary to ruptured lung abscess with varying degrees of lung destruction and bronchopleural fistula.

Case Report: A 65-year-old woman presented to our unit with a two-month history of cough which subsequently became productive of purulent sputum and posture-dependent, and fever, with progressive dyspnea on exertion.

Genome, HLA and polygenic risk score analyses for prevalent and persistent cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.

Genetic variants that underlie susceptibility to cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections are largely unknown. We conducted discovery genome-wide association studies (GWAS), replication, meta-analysis and colocalization, generated polygenic risk scores (PRS) and examined the association of classical HLA alleles and cervical hrHPV infections in a cohort of over 10,000 women. We identified genome-wide significant variants for prevalent hrHPV around LDB2 and for persistent hrHPV near TPTE2, SMAD2, and CDH12, which code for proteins that are significantly expressed in the human endocervix.

Temporal Patterns of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Analyzing Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women Aged 15-44 Years Using the United States Diabetes Surveillance System (USDDS) Database.

Background: Diabetes in pregnancy, including pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is a significant global health concern. Understanding its temporal patterns is crucial for effective healthcare planning and intervention strategies.

Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized data from the United States Diabetes Surveillance System (USDDS) spanning 2000 to 2019.

Clinical profile and Predictors of Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with Laboratory-Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Nigeria: A Retrospective Analysis of 13 High Burden States in Nigeria.

Background: The majority of global COVID deaths have occurred in developed countries. Not much is known about the clinical outcomes for the patients admitted with COVID in Nigeria. We thus described the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of outcomes of hospitalized Nigerian COVID-19 patients.

The Effectiveness of Nutritional Strategies in the Treatment and Management of Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Obesity, a condition primarily resulting from positive energy balance, has become a significant global health concern. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity is a major risk factor for various illnesses, including different types of cancer, coronary heart disease, sleep apnea, CV stroke, type II diabetes mellitus, etc. To effectively address this issue, prevention and treatment approaches to manage body weight are crucial.

Accidental kerosene oil ingestion in under-five age children in Nigeria - The need for vigilance in primary care settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Four children aged between 15 months and two years presented in several different out-patient emergency departments with a history of recent ingestion of kerosene. Majority of the patients lived in crowded domestic settings, and they all presented with varying degrees of respiratory distress, different presentations of respiratory clinical symptoms and signs, after being subjected to various potentially dangerous home remedies to counter the effect of the kerosene. Majority of the children presented late, but all recovered following appropriate management.

Evidence for "Whole Family Approach" in accelerating uptake of COVID-19 and routine immunizations among integrated primary health services in Nigeria.

The family is the simplest unit but possesses the strongest bond in society. These qualities - bond and proximity - that exist both within and across neighboring families, according to our research, can be instrumental in shaping a new kind of health promotion strategy that can transform health behaviors in communities. The Whole Family Approach (WFA) is a government-sanctioned approach to increase uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria.

Gynaecology, general surgery and urology residents' perspective and exposure to endoscopy training and practice: a cross-sectional study of resident doctors in four residency training centres in Abuja, Nigeria from June to August, 2020.

Introduction: the use of endoscopy in the surgical management of a wide range of ailments has revolutionised the practice of surgery. Endoscopy however has been underutilised in developing nations. Optimal training exposure during the residency training program is considered as very crucial to the improvement of endoscopy practice in this region.

Leisure-time physical activity is associated with reduced risks of breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer in Nigerian women.

Background: Leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, but this has less been investigated by cancer subtypes in Africans living in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA). We examined the associations between LTPA and breast cancer including its subtypes in Nigerian women and explored the effect modification of body size on such associations.

Methods: The sample included 508 newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer cases and 892 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer(NIBBLE) Study.

A matched case-control study of bean intake and breast cancer risk in urbanized Nigerian women.

Purpose: Bean intake has been associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, however; only a few studies considered molecular subtypes status and none in African women living in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dietary intake of beans and breast cancer including its subtypes in Nigerian women.

Methods: Overall, 472 newly diagnosed patients with primary invasive breast cancer were age-matched (± 5 years) with 472 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer (NIBBLE) Study from 01/2014 to 07/2016.

Evaluating the impact of neurosurgical rotation experience in Africa on the interest and perception of medical students towards a career in neurosurgery: a protocol for a continental, cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Africa has the second highest neurosurgical workforce deficit globally. Despite the many recent advancements in increasing neurosurgical access in Africa, published reports have shown that the vast majority of undergraduate students have little or no exposure to neurosurgery. The lack of exposure may pose a challenge in reducing the neurosurgical workforce deficit, which is one of the long-term strategies of tackling the unmet burden of disease.

Update on first African clinical trial on earpopper for the treatment of otitis media with effusion [FCT/UATH/HREC/PR/330].

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a middle ear condition characterized by the accumulation of serous fluid. It is common, though not exclusive; among children with its attendant developmental consequence if missed or untreated in early life. OME could be managed surgically, pharmacologically, or physiologically.

Evaluating the Impact of Neurosurgical Rotation Experience in Africa on the Interest and Perception of Medical Students Towards a Career in Neurosurgery: A Continental, Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Africa has the second highest neurosurgical workforce deficit globally and many medical students in Africa lack exposure to the field. This study aims to assess the impact of a neurosurgical rotation during medical school in shaping the perception and interest of students toward a career in neurosurgery.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Prevalence and Determinants of Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Adult Dyspeptic Patients in Abuja, Nigeria.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is common in developing countries like Nigeria with significant morbidity and risk of mortality. With rising antimicrobial resistance, risk factors of infection should be explored to develop prevention strategies and improve the health of developing communities.

Objective: To identify determinants and clinical correlates of H.

Mucocutaneous diseases in the combined antiretroviral therapy era: prevalence and spectrum in HIV seropositive children and adolescents in Durban, South Africa.

Background: Mucocutaneous diseases (MCD) have been commonly described among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients before the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. There is limited data on the frequency and type of MCD in the cART era in African children and adolescents. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and spectrum of MCD in South African children and adolescents seropositive for HIV on cART.

Difficult tracheal extubation due to endotracheal tube malfunction: A challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tracheal extubation is an aerosol-generating medical procedure. Difficult tracheal extubation is a serious complication that increases the risk of respiratory aerosol and pathogen spread, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The management of difficult extubation is potentially even more challenging during the pandemic.

Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction following elective caesarean section for two previous caesarean sections and myomectomy.

A 39-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 2 + 1 (2 alive) for elective second repeat caesarean delivery on account of two previous caesarean sections and one open myomectomy. Following the caesarean section, she developed sudden cardiac failure and was transferred to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation support. Congestive cardiac failure secondary to non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was subsequently diagnosed following an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and cardiac enzyme assay.

Secular trend in interobserver agreement of VIA diagnosis for cervical cancer screening in Nigeria.

Objective: In low resource settings, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by allied health workers, has been suggested as an alternative for cervical cancer screening. However, there are concerns about the objectivity and time to diagnostic concordance with specialists. We evaluated the secular trend in interobserver agreement between nurse providers and a gynecologist/colposcopist over a five-year period.