Application of C Heavy Ion-Irradiated BHK-21 Cells in Production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine.

FMD poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and public health security. This study aims to investigate an innovative method for producing FMD vaccines. Wild-type BHK-21 cells were subjected to heavy ion irradiation.

Analysis of Histochemical Characteristics of Submandibular Gland of the Bactrian Camel.

The ultrastructure of submandibular gland (SMG) of Bactrian camels was observed by a transmission electron microscope. Routine HE staining, special staining combined with immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to study the histochemical characteristics of the submandibular gland and the localisation and distribution characteristics of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). HE results showed that the submandibular gland of Bactrian camels was composed of mixed serous and mucinous acini glands.

Parasitism by Entomopathogenic Fungi and Insect Host Defense Strategies.

Entomopathogenic fungi, a group of insect pathogens, are characterized by high insecticidal efficacy and minimal environmental impact. They are commonly used as biopesticides for pest control due to their significant practical value. We here classify entomopathogenic fungi according to the process of fungal infection in hosts, changes in host behavior during infection, and mechanisms of spore transmission, and review the strategies employed by insects to resist infection, including physical barrier defenses, immune system defenses, and behavioral avoidance of fungal pathogens.

Proteomics and Expression of HIF2α/BNIP3L Signaling in Yak Brains at Different Altitudes.

The yak, a unique inhabitant of low-oxygen environments, exhibits brain adaptability to hypoxic conditions. However, the impact of hypoxia on yak brain proteomics and the expression of the HIF2α/BNIP3L signaling pathway remains unexplored. This study utilized TMT-based proteomics analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the cerebral cortexes of 9-month-old yaks at high ( = 3) and low ( = 3) altitudes.

Evaluating Drought Tolerance in Seedlings: Combining Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Tolerance Indices.

Drought stress during the (Campanulaceae) seedling stage significantly affects its growth, quality, and yield. The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant cultivars of by using the growth-physiology-yield composite index (GPYCI) and drought-tolerant indices. Nine cultivars were evaluated under normal-watered (black plastic film hole sowing, BF) and water-stressed (spread in the open field, SF) conditions in a design that adopted a two-factor paired experiment with three replications.

Insights from Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) Proteomic Analysis on Protein Network Modification in Control of Yak Hair Follicle Cycle.

Highland animals have unique hair growth mechanisms to allow them to adapt to harsh living environments. Compared with other species, their hair cycle growth is affected by more environmental factors. Yaks, as highland animals, have obvious periodic hair growth characteristics in a year; this biological process is regulated by numerous proteins, but the specific molecular regulatory mechanism is still unclear.

MicroRNA-21 Promotes the Viability, Proliferation and Milk Fat Synthesis of Ovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Targeting .

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs and play important roles in regulating mammary development and activities of ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs), which affect the milk yield and milk ingredient contents of ewes. We previously found that miR-21 was highly expressed in ovine mammary tissue, while the regulatory mechanisms of miR-21 underlying mammary development and lactation performance are still unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the functions of miR-21 in the activities of OMECs, and validated the target relationship of miR-21 with a predicted target gene programmed cell death 4 () by a dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Genome-Wide Identification and Drought-Responsive Functional Analysis of the Gene Family in Potato ( L.).

Glutathione S-transferases () play crucial roles in crop stress tolerance through protection against oxidative damage. In this study, we conducted genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the gene family in the autotetraploid potato cultivar Cooperative-88 (C88) using bioinformatic approaches. We identified 366 genes in the potato genome, which were classified into 10 subfamilies.

Removal Capacity and Mechanism of Modified Chitosan for Ochratoxin A Based on Rapid Magnetic Separation Technology.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure in food is very dangerous to human health. Therefore, the development of a fast and efficient technique for OTA removal has become an urgent research topic in the field of food safety. Nano FeO modified chitosan nanocomposite (nano-FeO@CTS) was synthesized as a rapidly separable and safe adsorbent and was used to adsorb OTA in wine.

Hypoxia Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Through HIF-1α Mediated Autophagy in Yak.

Cell proliferation and migration mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are important processes of hypoxic cardiac vascular remodeling. HIF-1α also regulates the physiological hypoxic adaptation of the coronary artery in the yak heart, but the potential mechanism remains to be completely elucidated. In this study, coronary artery proliferation increased with age and hypoxia adaptation time.

Transcriptomics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune-associated parameter analysis reveal the molecular responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to transportation stress.

To explore how transportation stress affects the physiology of rainbow trout, we measure antioxidant and immunity-related indicators in spleen tissues of adult fish during transportation (at 0, 2, and 6 h) and 24 h following it (r24 h). We report a significant reduction in spleen catalase activity among the 2, 6, and r24 h groups compared with the 0 h group (P < 0.05).

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal the mechanisms of iron absorption differences in apple rootstocks under alkaline condition.

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Fe deficiency leads to growth restriction, developmental disorders, chlorosis, and yield loss of fruit trees. This study investigated the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the differences in Fe absorption among various apple rootstocks under alkaline conditions.

Effects of irrigation and organic fertilizer on pumpkin yield, quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency in arid northwest China.

Due to the increasing water scarcity and the need for sustainable agricultural practices in arid regions, optimizing water and fertilizer management is crucial for enhancing crop productivity and resource efficiency. Field experiments in 2022 and 2023 in northwestern China's arid region explored the impacts of irrigation volume, organic fertilizer use, and their coupling on pumpkin yield, quality, and water-fertilizer efficiency. The study included ten treatments with a completely randomized two-factor design, comprising three irrigation quotas, three organic fertilizer application rates and a control group (CK).

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed the alleviating effects of exogenous Ca and NO compound treatment on high salt stress in Reaumuria soongorica.

Background: Soil salinization represents the most prevalent abiotic stress, severely impacting a severe impact on plant growth and crop yield. Consequently, delving into the mechanism through which exogenous substances enhance plant salt tolerance holds significant importance for the stabilization and augmentation of crop yield.

Result: In this study, within the context of salt stress, the seedlings of R.

Distribution characteristics and morphological comparison of telocytes in the aortic bulb and myocardium of yak heart.

Background: Telocytes (TCs) are small interstitial cells that extend into multiple bead-like protrusions called telopodes (TPs). TCs are widely found in many tissues and organs, form connections with almost all types of cardiomyocytes, and participate in regulating cardiac microenvironment homeostasis.

Methods: In this study, transmission electron microscopy combined with special staining techniques (Gomori's, Masson's trichrome, and toluidine blue staining) were used to analyse the ultrastructure, distribution, and cytochemical characteristics of TCs in yak hearts.

Molecular mechanisms of high tiller development based on transcriptome and proteome correlation analysis in Poa pratensis.

Poa pratensis, a high-quality forage and turfgrass, plays a significant role in grassland construction, biodiversity maintenance, and ecological restoration, and has considerable ecological value. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of high tillering occurrence in Kentucky bluegrass is an effective approach for understanding nutrient dense germplasm materials. Additionally, it provides a theoretical foundation for enhancements in plant yield and competitive survival.

Impacts of pseudomonas fluorescent bacterial fertilizer addition on the soil environment and fruit yield under water stress in greenhouse grape.

Bacterial fertilizers, which contain beneficial soil microorganisms, are becoming more widely used as they can mitigate the problems of crop yields reduction and soil environment degradation caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizer. However, the impact of bacterial fertilizer on greenhouse grape yields and the rhizosphere soil environment has not been assessed in arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China. Thus, a 2-year field trial was conducted with five treatments: adequate water supply without bacterial fertilizer (CK); mild (W1), moderate (W2) water stress and small (F1), maximize (F2) fertilizer cross-combination, respectively.

Specific expression profiles of lncRNAs in cis-regulatory responses to gill in Litopenaeus vannamei under high alkalinity.

As a pivotal regulatory molecule, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can coordinate the network regulation of transcription and post-transcriptional processes. However, little is known about their cis-regulatory contributions in gene expression of crustaceans under alkalinity stress. In this study, the purpose was to explore the potential role of lncRNA in gill of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under different alkalinity stress (C: 50 mg/L and T: 350 mg/L).

Protective mechanisms of exogenous melatonin on chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis in tomato seedlings under heat stress.

Elevated temperatures severely affect plant growth, reducing yield and quality. Melatonin (MT), a plant biomolecule, is known to enhance stress tolerance, but its role in heat resistance and underlying mechanisms require further exploration. This study investigates MT's regulatory effects on chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis in tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress (40°C).

Coriander microgreens and baby greens: Comparison of volatile and non-volatile metabolites and potential therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.

In this study, to improve the understanding of aroma characteristics, functional components, and nutritional variations in coriander at different growth stages, metabolomic approaches were employed to evaluate the profiles of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in coriander microgreens (CM) and coriander baby greens (CBG), focusing on their types and quantities. A comprehensive analysis identified 1,000 volatile and 1,799 non-volatile metabolites, among which 257 volatile and 597 non-volatile differential metabolites were recognized as key metabolites associated with coriander at various stages of maturity. Notably, key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 1-p-menthen-8-thiol, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone and β-ionone were identified as the primary odor determinants during the CM and CBM stages.

Effective inactivation of Trichothecium roseum spores in apple juice using contact glow discharge electrolysis: Applications and mechanisms.

Trichothecium roseum is an important postharvest pathogen that causes core rot in apples and contaminates apple juice with spores. Contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) is an innovative non-thermal technique for microbial control in fresh produce, but its efficiency against T. roseum spores in apple juice and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.

Metagenomic analysis reveal the phytoremediation effects of monocropping and intercropping of halophytes Halogeton glomeratus and Suaeda glauca in saline soil of Northwestern China.

Aims: Planting halophytes is a widely used method of phytoremediation for saline soils. The succulent halophytes Halogeton glomeratus and Suaeda glauca are widely used for remediation of saline soil in the arid region of Northwestern China. However, whether intercropping of H.

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/Ginkgo biloba leaf extract composite film and its effect on chilled beef preservation.

Bioactive composite films containing varying concentrations (0 %, 2 %, 6 %, and 10 %) of the Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) were prepared using chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as substrates and applied to preserve chilled beef. The thickness, density, mechanical properties, barrier properties, antioxidant activity, and thermal stability of the developed composite films significantly increased as the GBLE concentration increased (P < 0.05).

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed hub genes and metabolites associated with subzero temperature tolerance following cold acclimation in rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.).

Rapeseed naturally endures low temperature in late autumn and early winter to develop cold adaptation, named as cold acclimation (CA). The underlying mechanism by which CA induces plant resistance to subzero temperature tolerance is unclear. This study examined the transcriptome and metabolome of strong (Longyou 7) and weak (Longyou 99) cold-tolerant rapeseed varieties treated with treatments CA and sub-zero temperatures at fourth leaf stage.

Personalised 3D-printed bioactive peek bone plate scaffold for treating femoral defects.

Fractures affect millions of individuals worldwide, particularly those with osteoporosis, and often require rigid fixation for proper healing. Although traditional metal bone plates are effective, they are limited by their stiffness and inability to conform precisely to anatomical structures, leading to complications such as stress shielding and delayed healing. In this study, we utilized computer-aided design (CAD) combined with reverse engineering to develop a 3D bone plate scaffold model that perfectly matches the contours of the rabbit femur.