Effects of partial silage replacement with corn stover pellets on the rumen microbiota and serum metabolome of breeding cows.

Introduction: Straw pellet ration replacing part of silage is of great significance for farmers to save farming costs and solve the lack of feed resources. A comprehensive analysis of rumen microbial and serum metabolite compositions is conducted to promote the development of the modern breeding cows-feeding industry.

Methods: In this study, 18 healthy 2-year-old Simmental breeding cows weighing 550 ± 20 kg were selected and randomly divided into two groups.

Silencing of hindered flowering and boll cracking in upland cotton.

The opening of cotton bolls is an important characteristic that influences the precocity of cotton. In the field, farmers often use chemical defoliants to induce cotton leaves to fall off earlier, thus accelerating the cracking of cotton bolls. However, the molecular mechanism of cotton boll cracking remains unclear.

Comparative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of testicular tissue of yaks with or without cryptorchidism.

Yak is a large plateau mammal with low reproduction rate, while cryptorchidism is a major reproductive disorder associated with infertility in highland yaks. To better understand the occurrence of cryptorchidism and its regulatory mechanisms in yaks, we conducted a multi-omic analysis, and screened a total of 4456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 332 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between normal and unilateral cryptorchid testes of yaks using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomics techniques, with testes from yaks with cryptorchidism as the target. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were associated with cell growth, sperm motility, immune regulation, and intercellular tight junctions, and were mainly enriched in pathways related to cell differentiation; amino acid, sugar, and lipid metabolism; cell adhesion, and hypoxia tolerance.

Proteomics reveals genetic mechanisms of cold resistance in Hezuo pig liver tissue.

Cold stress poses a significant challenge to pig farming in northern China, leading to reduced productivity and, in severe cases, even mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cold resistance in pigs are not well understood. To explore the genetic mechanism of cold resistance in pigs under low-temperature conditions, the cold-tolerant Hezuo pig was selected as a model.

Orchestrating anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruit of fruit trees: Transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation.

Coloration is an important appearance quality that contributes to product value. Anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid, not only impart rich plants color, but also contribute to human health because of their antioxidant properties, such as preventing cardiovascular disease and reducing obesity. This benefit mainly stems from various fruits.

Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses revealed five new species (Basidiomycota) from Southwestern China.

In the present study, five new wood-inhabiting fungal species, (Stereaceae, Russulales), (Punctulariaceae, Corticiales), (Auriculariaceae, Auriculariales), (Incertae sedis, Russulales), and (Punctulariaceae, Corticiales), collected from southern China, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and phylogenetic evidence. is characterized by membranaceous and smooth basidiomata with white to cream surface and ellipsoid and verrucose basidiospores (9-11 × 5-7 µm); is characterized white to buff, membranaceous basidiomata and ellipsoid, thin-walled and smooth basidiospores (7-8 × 4.5-5.

Immunogenic cross-reactivity between different serotypes novel duck reoviruses: Evaluation of cross-protection provided by mono or bivalent vaccine.

To investigate the immunogenic cross-reactivity among different novel duck reovirus isolates, animals immunized with monovalent inactivated duck reovirus were challenged with homologous and heterologous viruses, and serum samples were collected after immunization for cross-neutralization test. The results showed that the virus neutralizing titer against homologous virus was significantly higher than that against heterologous virus(p < 0.000001), which indicated that there was an important difference in antigenicity between DE13 and WL01 strains, which affected the specificity of protective virus neutralizing antibodies induced.

Discrimination and characterization of the volatile organic compounds in red and black raspberry wines fermented with different commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An integrated analysis using E-nose, GC-MS, GC-IMS, and multivariate statistical models.

This study employed E-nose, GC-MS, and GC-IMS to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of red and black raspberry wines fermented by commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae (X16, RB2, XarOm). Relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and random forest (RF) were employed to assess the VOCs and predict key aroma compounds comprehensively. The results revealed that red raspberry wine has a higher ester content (64.

Extracellular ATP receptors P2Ks are involved in regulating local and systemic stomatal responses to local environmental stimuli.

Extracellular ATP (exATP) and its receptors play important roles in the regulation of the responses of plants to environmental stimulation. The lectin receptor kinases I.9 (P2K1) and I.

Effects of ultrasound treatment on structural and functional properties of radish seed protein.

Dried radish seed is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is rich in oil and protein. Radish seed meal, which is a byproduct of oil production, is high in protein (30%-35%). In order to develop a novel plant protein with excellent functional properties, this study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment (20 kHz, amplitude of 40%, 0-10 min) on the physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties of radish seed protein (RSP) extracted from radish seed meal.

Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) unlocking resilience to abiotic stress in horticultural crops: A review.

Horticultural crops are extensively cultivated throughout the world as crucial economical crops, encompassing fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, medicinal and beverage plants, for purposes such as food supply, special nutrition provision, medical application or aesthetic enjoyment. However, abiotic stress triggered by extreme climate change, such as excessive salt and prolonged drought, directly leads to the decline of nutritional quality of horticultural crops, contributing to the shortage of high-quality fruits. Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, can alter protein characteristics by adding specific groups to amino acids, which in turn impacts protein stability to regulate plant growth and development as well as environmental stress.

Molecular regulatory mechanisms of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder to improve muscle development and meat quality in Angus calves.

Objective: Supplementing animal feed with Allium mongolicum Regel powder (AMRP) additives can promote muscle production and improve meat quality. Here, we explored the effects of dietary AMRP supplementation on the performance, meat quality, and muscle transcriptome profile of Angus calves.

Methods: Twelve healthy black Angus calves (female, average body weight = 280.

Evolutional, expressional and functional analysis of WRKY gene family reveals that PbeWRKY16 and PbeWRKY31 contribute to the Valsa canker resistance in Pyrus betulifolia.

The WRKY transcription factor family plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and stress responses. However, there are few studies on the regulation of resistance to Valsa canker. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of WRKY genes across 19 plant species was conducted.

Integrated physiological characterisation and transcriptomics reveals drought tolerance differences between two cultivars of A. sinensis at seedling stage.

Background: Drought can adversely affect the growth and development of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels seedlings. M1 and M2 are two cultivars of A.

Environmental response strategies for the spatial distribution of seed plants in Gansu.

The interplay between plant diversity and environmental response strategies is crucial for ecosystem adaptability and stability. A central focus in modern ecology is elucidating how environmental factors shape plant diversity patterns and regulate species distributions across heterogeneous landscapes. This study employed Joint Species Distribution Model (JSDM) to quantitatively analyze the influence of environmental variables on plant spatial distributions in Gansu Province, China, while examining interspecies interactions under varying conditions.

Effects of broad-leaved grass inhibitors and nitrogen fertilizer on seed production in alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Introduction: The alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau play a crucial role in the grassland ecosystem. However, due to the rapid growth and strong competitiveness of broad-leaved grasses, the nutritional resources and living space available for Gramineae species are severely restricted in this region. Broad-leaved grasses and noxious weeds have evolved into dominant population, severely limiting grassland production in alpine meadows.

The ferroptosis of sertoli cells inducing blood-testis barrier damage is produced by oxidative stress in cryptorchidism.

Oxidative Stress (OS) is the main cause of damage to the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) in cryptorchidism, which seriously endangers male reproductive health. It is well known that the OS induced ferroptosis is an important cause of dysfunction in the body. However, it is still unknown whether BTB damage in cryptorchidism leads to ferroptosis of Sertoli cells.

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of photoperiod effects on testosterone secretion in ChaHua chicken No.2 Roosters.

This study investigated the impact of light duration on Testosterone secretion in Chahua No.2 roosters, utilizing combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analyses to uncover critical genes, Metabolites, and signaling pathways. We randomly selected 240 Chahua No.

Glycine betaine enhances tolerance of low temperature combined with low light in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by improving the antioxidant capacity and regulating GB metabolism.

Glycine betaine (GB) is commonly used as an osmotic regulator and a donor to facilitate changes in methylation in plants and animals, thereby enhancing stress resistance. However, low temperature combined with low light stress represent the most prevalent stresses during pepper growth period in northwest China, and limited studies have focused on the potential stress-mitigating effects of GB. Therefore, to examine the regulatory mechanism of GB-induced tolerance to LL stress, pepper seedlings were pretreated with 20 mmol L GB and 60 μmol L 3-Deazaneplanocin A hydrochloride at a temperature of 10/5 °C and illumination of 100 μmol m s.

Assessment of wheat Qu fermented at medium and high temperatures: Effects of Bupleurum addition on fermentation characteristics, volatile profiles, and microbial communities.

The quality of wheat Qu significantly influences rice wine production. However, quality control is often challenging due to variations in raw materials, preparation methods, and climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the impact of traditional northern Chinese craftsmanship techniques on the quality of wheat Qu remains largely unexplored, and addressing this gap is crucial for standardizing fermentation processes and optimizing rice wine production.

Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal that cell wall biosynthesis and expansion play an important role in the regulation of plant height in alfalfa.

Background: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a high-quality, high-protein forage, and the improvement and breeding of key traits are important for enhancing the productivity of alfalfa. Plant height is an important trait that affects crop yield, and its regulatory network mechanism has been widely reported in model plants, however, there are fewer studies on the developmental regulatory of plant height in alfalfa.

A novel double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies against the viral spike protein detects porcine deltacoronavirus infection.

Unlabelled: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a significant emerging pathogen that causes severe enteric disease in swine, and therefore significant economic losses in the pig farming industry. Here, we developed a novel double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) based on two monoclonal antibodies directed against the PDCoV spike protein. These two monoclonal antibodies were obtained through hybridoma fusion and screening, and they can specifically react with the PDCoV spike protein.

Vegetation types shape the soil micro-food web compositions and soil multifunctionality in Loess Plateau.

Introduction: Vegetation degradation and soil erosion are severe problems in the Loess hilly region, rendering it one of the most ecologically vulnerable areas in China and globally. Vegetation restoration has been recognized as an effective approach to amending the fragile ecological environment and restoring degraded ecosystems.

Methods: The effects of different vegetation types: Carrière, L.

Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Factors: Roles in Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses.

Plants face many abiotic stresses throughout their life cycle, such as drought, high temperature, low temperature, and salinity. To survive and reproduce, plants have evolved a complex and elaborate signal transduction network to sense stress signals and initiate corresponding defense mechanisms. Calcium ion (Ca), as a secondary messenger, plays an important role in mediating signal transduction in plant cells.

Establishment of a Direct Competitive ELISA for Camel FGF21 Detection.

Camels, with the ability to survive under drought and chronic hunger, developed exceptional efficient lipid reserves and energy substance metabolic characteristics. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a hormone that regulates important metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. However, the absence of a specific detection method for camel FGF21 impacts research on camels' metabolic regulation.