Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Micronutrients and Their Deficiency Effect on the Root Morphology and Architecture in Citrus Rootstock.

Roots play essential roles in the acquisition of water and minerals from soils in higher plants. However, water or nutrient limitation can alter plant root morphology. To clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of essential nutrients in citrus roots and the influence mechanism of micronutrient deficiency on citrus root morphology and architecture, especially the effects on lateral root (LR) growth and development, two commonly used citrus rootstocks, trifoliate orange ( L.

Achieving a Near-Infrared Absorption by A-DA'D-A Type Isoindigo-Based Small Molecular Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics.

Isoindigo (IID)-based non-fullerene acceptors, known for their broad absorption spectra and high charge carrier mobilities, play a crucial role in organic photovoltaics. In this study, two A-DA'D-A type unfused ring acceptors (URAs), IDC8CP-IC and IDC6CP-IC, were designed and synthesized using cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and IID core units, each functionalized with different alkyl chains (2-hexyldecyl and 2-octyldodecyl), through an atom- and step-efficient direct C-H arylation (DACH) method. Both URAs, despite the absence of non-covalent conformation locking between CPDT and IID, demonstrated favorable molecular planarity, broad absorption ranges, low band gaps, and high molar absorption coefficients.

Enhanced Control Efficacy of Different Insecticides Mixed with Mineral Oil Against Asian Citrus Psyllid, Kuwayama, Under Varying Climates.

Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is one of the most devastating pests in citrus orchards due to its role in transmitting Huanglongbing (HLB). Currently, chemical control remains the most effective strategy for ACP management. Mineral oils are commonly used as insecticides or adjuvants in integrated pest management (IPM) practices.

Overview and Prospects of DNA Sequence Visualization.

Due to advances in big data technology, deep learning, and knowledge engineering, biological sequence visualization has been extensively explored. In the post-genome era, biological sequence visualization enables the visual representation of both structured and unstructured biological sequence data. However, a universal visualization method for all types of sequences has not been reported.

PDMS-in-water emulsions stabilized by cellulose/chitin/starch nanoparticles for fabrication of oil adsorbents: A comparison study.

Pickering emulsion template has aroused attention in the fabrication of porous composite materials. In this work, six nanoparticles including cellulose nanofiber/nanocrystal (CNF/CNC), chitin nanofiber/nanocrystals (ChNF/ChNC) and waxy/normal corn nanocrystal (WSNC/CSNC) were comparatively studied for their performance in fabricating porous composites with PDMS via Pickering emulsion templates. Among all, CNF and ChNF exhibited best emulsion stabilizing ability, while ChNF and ChNC at optimized concentrations enabled the formation of high internal phase emulsions with long-term stability of over 300 days.

Swords and shields: the war between Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) represents a significant threat to the citrus industry, mainly caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Liberibacter asiaticus (Las). In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the relationship between citrus and Las, particularly examining the functions of Sec-dependent effectors (SDEs) and non-classically secreted proteins (ncSPs) in virulence, as well as their targeted interactions with citrus. We further investigate the impact of SDEs on various physiological processes, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, vesicle trafficking, callose deposition, cell death, autophagy, chlorosis and flowering.

Sequential or simultaneous-integrated boost in early-stage breast cancer patients: trade-offs between skin toxicity and risk of compromised coverage.

Purpose: To determine the dosimetric effects of set-up errors on boost coverage, and compares skin toxicity of sequential and simultaneous boost techniques for left-sided breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 23 early-stage breast cancer cases. Single isocenter HFWBI-SIB(s-SIB), single isocenter HFWBI-SB(s-SB) and dual isocenter HFWBI-SB(d-SB) were planing.

New Integrative Vectors Increase Agrobacterium rhizogenes Transformation and Help Characterise Roles for Soybean GmTML Gene Family Members.

Hairy-root transformation is widely used to generate transgenic plant roots for genetic functional characterisation studies. However, transformation efficiency can be limited, largely due to the use of binary vectors. Here, we report on the development of novel integrative vectors that significantly increase the transformation efficiency of hairy roots.

Rare earth element erbium induces immune toxicity through the ROS/NF-κB pathway in zebrafish.

The large-scale mining and utilization of rare earth elements have significantly increased their concentration in the environment, especially in regions surrounding mining areas. These environmentally-enriched rare earth elements accumulate in agricultural products and organisms through soil and water, potentially impacting in human health through the food chain. Erbium (Er), a rare earth element of the lanthanide series (Group IIIB), plays a crucial role in various modern technological applications.

Genome-wide association study on color-image-based convolutional neural networks.

Background: Convolutional neural networks have excellent modeling abilities to complex large-scale datasets and have been applied to genomics. It requires converting genotype data to image format when employing convolutional neural networks to genome-wide association studies. Existing studies converting the data into grayscale images have shown promising.

Dietary limonin alleviates Typhimurium-induced colitis dual targeting virulence SopB and SopE2 and inhibiting RAC1/CDC42/Arp2/3 pathway and regulating gut microbiota.

serovar Typhimurium (STM) causes severe colitis, necessitating the development of effective drugs. Here, the dockings of limonin with the STM T3SS-1 virulence factor SopB or SopE2 showed strong binding activity and was verified by CETSA and DARTS assays . Limonin inhibited the enzyme activities and expression of SopB and SopE2 .

A low-dose CT reconstruction method using sub-pixel anisotropic diffusion.

Objectives: We present a new low-dose CT reconstruction method using sub-pixel and anisotropic diffusion.

Methods: The sub-pixel intensity values and their second-order differences were obtained using linear interpolation techniques, and the new gradient information was then embedded into an anisotropic diffusion process, which was introduced into a penalty-weighted least squares model to reduce the noise in low-dose CT projection data. The high-quality CT image was finally reconstructed using the classical filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm from the estimated data.

Dynamic Reconstruction of Fluid Interface Manipulated by Fluid Balancing Agent for Scalable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Laboratory-scale spin-coating techniques are widely employed for fabricating small-size, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, achieving large-area, high-uniformity perovskite films and thus high-efficiency solar cell devices remain challenging due to the complex fluid dynamics and drying behaviors of perovskite precursor solutions during large-area fabrication processes. In this work, a high-quality, pinhole-free, large-area FAPbI perovskite film is successfully obtained via scalable blade-coating technology, assisted by a novel bidirectional Marangoni convection strategy.

A new species of Zonstein, 1987 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) from Fujian, China.

Background: The genus Zonstein, 1987 comprises 66 species, distributed across regions from East Asia to the Caucasus, with about 20 species recorded from China. According to Zonstein et al. (2018) and Zonstein (2024), members of can be identified by the presence of two to three retroventral megaspines arranged sequentially on tibia I in males and paired spermathecae in females, each bearing two-branched heads or a lateral diverticulum.

A genome-wide-level insight into the HSF gene family of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and the functional divergence of RtHSFA2a and RtHSFA2b in thermal adaptation.

Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is one of the most important regulatory elements in plant development and stress response. Rhohomyrtus tomentosa has many advantages in adapting to high temperature and high humidity climates, whereas its inherence has barely been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to characterize the HSF family and investigate the thermal adaptation mechanisms of R.

How traditional cultural load affects tourists' purchasing intention of tourist souvenirs.

Based on the previous studies on the impact of traditional culture on tourists' purchasing intentions, this study aims to further explore the mechanism and boundary conditions regarding the traditional cultural load in tourist souvenir packaging. Through seven simulated experiments (N = 3203), the impact of different degrees of traditional cultural load on tourists' purchasing intentions has been examined, with value perception, cultural identity, and purchase purpose, advancing the research in the field of traditional culture and tourism marketing. The findings provide insights for managers in the industry of tourism and souvenir marketing for their package design.

Bacteria Derived from Diamondback Moth, (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Gut Regurgitant Negatively Regulate Glucose Oxidase-Mediated Anti-Defense Against Host Plant.

The ongoing interplay among plants, insects, and bacteria underscores the intricate balance of defense mechanisms in ecosystems. Regurgitant bacteria directly/indirectly impact plant immune responses, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we focus on the interaction between regurgitant bacteria, diamondback moth (DBM), and plant.

of Positively Regulate Thermotolerance by Transcriptionally Activating and .

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are crucial components in heat stress response. However, the contribution of the HSFs governing the inherent thermotolerance in has barely been investigated. We here compared the roles of , , and in heat stress tolerance.

Fine mapping and identification of the bright green leaf gene in Chinese kale ( var. alboglabra).

Introduction: Chinese kale ( var. alboglabra), is an annual herb belonging to the Brassica genus of Cruciferae, and is one of the famous specialty vegetables of southern China. Some varieties show bright green leaf (BGL) traits and have better commerciality.

Fine-Tuning Intra/Inter-Molecular Interaction via Ternary Copolymerization Strategy to Obtain Efficient Polymer Donors.

Incorporating a third component through ternary copolymerization strategy has proven to be a promising and effective approach for further improving the device performance of polymer donors. However, terpolymer donors typically exhibit negative effects on molecular stacking and weaken charge transport due to the irregular distribution of the polymer skeleton. Herein, two terpolymers PBBQ-5 (5% ff-Qx) and PBBQ-10 (10% ff-Qx) are developed by introducing the difluoro-2-(3-hexyldecyloxy) quinoxaline (ff-Qx) to the main chain of PM6.

Relationship between wind speed and plant hydraulics at the global scale.

Wind is an important ecological factor for plants as it can increase evapotranspiration and cause dehydration. However, the impact of wind on plant hydraulics at a global scale remains unclear. Here we compiled plant key hydraulic traits, including water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P), xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (K), leaf area to sapwood area ratio (A/A) and conduit diameter (D) with 2,786 species-at-site combinations across 1,922 woody species at 469 sites worldwide and analysed their correlations with wind speed.

Electro-catalyzed, solvent-controlled divergent decarboxylative annulation and hydroaminomethylation of cyclic aldimines with -arylglycines.

Herein, we reported a sustainable and simple method involving electrochemical-catalyzed decarboxylative annulation and hydroaminomethylation of cyclic aldimines with -arylglycines by switching the reaction solvents. When the reaction was carried out in MeCN/HO or HO, the resulting products included imidazolidine-fused sulfamidates and C4-aminomethylated cyclic aldimines, obtained in moderate to good yields, respectively. Mechanistically, a radical pathway was proposed to be involved in this approach.

Structure-Based Design of 2-Aminopyrazolpyrimidopyridone Derivatives as New Rearranged During Transfection (RET) Kinase Inhibitors.

RET (Rearranged during transfection) kinase is a validated target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In 2020, two selective RET inhibitors, selpercatinib and pralsetinib were approved by the US FDA. However, high treatment costs and clinically acquired resistance (e.

Ginsenoside Ro improves Salmonella Typhimurium-induced colitis through inhibition of the virulence factors SopB and SopE2 via the RAC1/CDC42/ARP2/3 pathway.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) poses a serious threat to human and animal health, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic agents. In our in vivo study, ginsenoside Ro (Ro) reduced the mortality rate of S.

Predicting lncRNA-protein interactions using a hybrid deep learning model with dinucleotide-codon fusion feature encoding.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in numerous biological processes and are involved in complex human diseases through interactions with proteins. Accurate identification of lncRNA-protein interactions (LPI) can help elucidate the functional mechanisms of lncRNAs and provide scientific insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying related diseases. While many sequence-based methods have been developed to predict LPIs, efficiently extracting and effectively integrating potential feature information that reflects functional attributes from lncRNA and protein sequences remains a significant challenge.