Development and validation of a microwave-assisted digestion technique as a rapid sample preparation method for the estimation of selenium in pharmaceutical dosage forms by ICP-OES.

Selenium is a class 2B element according to the International Council for Harmonization Q3D guidelines. Selenium sulfide is an anti-infective agent with antifungal and antibacterial properties used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. The literature survey revealed that most of the analytical techniques to estimate selenium were time-consuming and/or required high skill levels.

Hybrid healthcare unit recommendation system using computational techniques with lung cancer segmentation.

Introduction: Our research addresses the critical need for accurate segmentation in medical healthcare applications, particularly in lung nodule detection using Computed Tomography (CT). Our investigation focuses on determining the particle composition of lung nodules, a vital aspect of diagnosis and treatment planning.

Methods: Our model was trained and evaluated using several deep learning classifiers on the LUNA-16 dataset, achieving superior performance in terms of the Probabilistic Rand Index (PRI), Variation of Information (VOI), Region of Interest (ROI), Dice Coecient, and Global Consistency Error (GCE).

Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Macrophages: Unraveling the Cellular Response for Environmental Health.

Particulate matter (PM) imposes a significant impact to environmental health with deleterious effects on the human pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Macrophages (Mφ), key immune cells in lung tissues, have a prominent role in responding to inhaled cells, accommodating inflammation, and influencing tissue repair processes. Elucidating the critical cellular responses of Mφ to PM exposure is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying PM-induced health effects.

Neuroplasticity: Pathophysiology and Role in Major Depressive Disorder.

Neuroplasticity is characterized by the brain's ability to change its activity in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors and is thought to be the mechanism behind all brain functions. Neuroplasticity causes structural and functional changes on a molecular level, specifically the growth of different regions in the brain and changes in synaptic and post-synaptic activities. The four types of neuroplasticity are homologous area adaption, compensatory masquerade, cross-modal reassignment, and map expansion.

Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) rs1800629 Polymorphism in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine implicated in inflammatory processes, including those affecting the kidneys. Although this association is not yet comprehensible, a tie-up between renal disease and markers of inflammation - interleukin-6 (IL-6), preceded by TNF-α - is eminent.

Role of γδ T Cells in Cancer Progression and Therapy.

γδ T cells signify a foundational group of immune cells that infiltrate tumors early on, engaging in combat against cancer cells. The buildup of γδ T cells as cancer advances underscores their significance. Initially, these cells infiltrate and enact cytotoxic effects within the tumor tissue.

PM2.5: Epigenetic Alteration in Lung Physiology and Lung Cancer Pathogenesis.

Particulate matter (PM) has a very negative impact on human health, specifically the respiratory system. PM comes in many forms, among these is PM2.5,which is a major risk factor for lung cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.

Gamma Delta T Cells: Role in Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The most typical type of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops from hepatocyte loss. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis C and cirrhosis are the leading causes of HCC. With the Hepatitis B vaccine and medicines, there are several treatments for HCC, including liver resection, ablation, transplantation, immunotherapy, gene therapy, radiation embolization, and targeted therapy.

Natural and Synthetic Chalcones: Potential Impact on Breast Cancer.

Chalcones are small molecules, naturally found in fruits and vegetables, and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. They also possess anticancer activity against different tumors. They can be converted into numerous derivatives by modifying hydrogen moieties, enabling the exploration of their diverse anticancer potentials.

Advances in Quercetin for Drug-Resistant Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Applications, and Delivery Systems.

Quercetin (QUE), a natural flavone abundantly discovered in fruits, has gained attention for its potential health benefits due to its unique structure. In addition, epidemiological and clinical studies have shown promising antioxidant activity of QUE aiming to treat various diseases, including cancer. This article's purpose is to provide an overview of recent advances in the use of QUE for drug-resistant cancer therapies, focusing on its mechanisms, applications, and delivery systems.

CRISPR-Based Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is a powerful gene editing tool that has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. It allows for precise and efficient editing of specific genes that drive cancer growth and progression. CRISPR-based approaches gene knock-out, which deletes specific genes or sequences of DNA within a cancer cell, and gene knock-in, which inserts new sequences of DNA into a cancer cell to identify potential targets for cancer therapy.

Extracting prime protein targets as possible drug candidates: machine learning evaluation.

Extracting "high ranking" or "prime protein targets" (PPTs) as potent MRSA drug candidates from a given set of ligands is a key challenge in efficient molecular docking. This study combines protein-versus-ligand matching molecular docking (MD) data extracted from 10 independent molecular docking (MD) evaluations - ADFR, DOCK, Gemdock, Ledock, Plants, Psovina, Quickvina2, smina, vina, and vinaxb to identify top MRSA drug candidates. Twenty-nine active protein targets (APT) from the enhanced DUD-E repository ( http://DUD-E.

Metabolic and Phenotypic Changes Induced during N-Acetylglucosamine Signalling in the Fungal Pathogen .

The human commensal yeast is pathogenic and results in a variety of mucosal and deep tissue problems when the host is immunocompromised. Candida exhibits enormous metabolic flexibility and dynamic morphogenetic transition to survive under host niche environmental conditions and to cause virulence. The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) available at the host infection sites, apart from acting as an extremely good carbon and nitrogen source, also induces cellular signalling in this pathogen.

Development and validation of a simple microwave-assisted digestion sample preparation technique for the estimation of aluminium and magnesium in a few pharmaceutical dosage forms by an inductively coupled-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).

A simple, sensitive, reliable, validated, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method for the determination of aluminium and magnesium using a simple common microwave-assisted digestion sample preparation technique for a few commonly used formulations was developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization Q3D and the United States Pharmacopeia general chapter <232> and <233>. The following pharmaceutical dosage forms were considered for estimation of aluminium and magnesium: Alumina, magnesia simethicone oral suspension, Alumina, magnesia simethicone chewable tablets, alumina and magnesia oral suspension, alumina and magnesium carbonate oral suspension. The methodology included optimizing a common microwave assisted digestion method, selecting the isotopes, choosing the measurement technique, and designating internal standards.

PHLPP1 regulates PINK1-parkin signalling and life span.

Adaptability to intracellular or extracellular cues is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Metabolic signals intricately control the morphology and functions of mitochondria by regulating bioenergetics and metabolism. Here, we describe the involvement of PHLPP1, a Ser/Thr phosphatase, in mitochondrial homeostasis.

Mutagens in commercial food processing and its microbial transformation.

Mutagens are chemical molecules that have the ability to damage DNA. Mutagens can enter into our body upon consumption of improperly cooked or processed food products such as high temperature or prolonged cooking duration. Mutagens are found in the food products can be classified into N-nitroso derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic aromatic amines.

Food and fruit waste valorisation for pectin recovery: Recent process technologies and future prospects.

Pectin possesses a dual property of resistance and flexibility and thus has diverse commercial value which has generated research interest on this versatile biopolymer. Formulated products using pectin could be useful in food, pharma, foam, plasticiser and paper substitute industries. Pectin is structurally tailor-made for greater bioactivity and diverse applications.

Valorization of biowastes for clean energy production, environmental depollution and soil fertility.

The mother earth is a source of natural resources that, in conjunction with anthropogenic activities, generates a wide spectrum of different biowastes. These biomaterials can be used as low-cost raw feedstock to produce bioenergy, value-added products, and other commodities. However, the improper management and disposal of these biowastes can generate relevant environmental impacts.

Microbial fuel cells for waste nutrients minimization: Recent process technologies and inputs of electrochemical active microbial system.

Still, in the current period, non-renewable energy sources have contributed to fulfill the current energy requirement and it causes the deficit of available stocks with emission of pollutant byproducts components. In recent years, efforts were made to harness the sustainable/ renewable fuels from renewable sources/ waste, complex organic matters including biomass at global level. Researchers have put attention on harnessing energy from wastewater and MFCs systems.

Utility and Drawbacks of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell (CAR-T) Therapy in Lung Cancer.

The present treatments for lung cancer include surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advances in therapies, the prognosis of lung cancer has not been substantially improved in recent years. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has attracted growing interest in the treatment of various malignancies.

Determination of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and nickel as elemental impurities in atorvastatin calcium by inductively coupled mass spectrometer.

Atorvastatin calcium is employed as front-line treatment for cardiovascular diseases. According to the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline ICH Q3D, elemental impurities can come into drug products from various sources. These elemental impurities do not have any therapeutic benefit to the end-user.

Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol: A comprehensive review.

This review explains the various methods of conversion of Carbon dioxide (CO) to methanol by using homogenous, heterogeneous catalysts through hydrogenation, photochemical, electrochemical, and photo-electrochemical techniques. Since, CO is the major contributor to global warming, its utilization for the production of fuels and chemicals is one of the best ways to save our environment in a sustainable manner. However, as the CO is very stable and less reactive, a proper method and catalyst development is most important to break the CO bond to produce valuable chemicals like methanol.

Evaluation of the Anticancer Properties of Geranyl Isovalerate, an Active Ingredient of Extract in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Chemotherapy is a general treatment procedure for cancer. The diversity in cancer incidence and the failure of therapy due to chemoresistance lead to increased cancer-related deaths. Therefore, new drugs with fewer secondary complications targeting diverse pathways are the need of the hour.