Follow-Up Ileocolonoscopy Is Underused in Crohn's Disease Patients after Ileocecal Resection despite Higher Total and Inpatient Health-Care Costs Compared to Controls.

Background: Postoperative recurrence is frequently observed after ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Since 2010, endoscopy within 1 year is considered the gold standard for its diagnosis. However, if and how frequent such endoscopies are performed in clinical practice remains unknown.

Emerging treatment options for extraintestinal manifestations in IBD.

Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequently observed in IBDs and contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality. They have long been considered a difficult to treat entity due to limited therapy options, but the increasing use of anti-tumour necrosis factors has dramatically changed the therapeutic approach to EIM in recent years. Newly emerging therapies such as JAK inhibitors and anti-interleukin 12/23 will further shape the available armamentarium.

Malignancies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, primarily of, but not restricted to, the gut. Association between IBD and cancer has been clearly established and is uniformly accepted.

Summary: IBD patients are at particular risk for intestinal and extraintestinal cancers.

Effectiveness and Safety of High- vs Low-Dose Swallowed Topical Steroids for Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Background & Aims: Data evaluating efficacy of different doses of swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) in the long-term management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are lacking. We assessed long-term effectiveness and safety of different STC doses for adults with EoE after achievement of histological remission.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study at five EoE referral centers (US and Switzerland).

The adaptor protein c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP) limits pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.

C-Cbl-associated protein (CAP), also known as Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (Sorbs1) or ponsin, an adaptor protein of the insulin-signalling pathway, mediates anti-viral and anti-cytotoxic protection in acute viral heart disease. In the present study we describe a novel protective immuno-modulatory function of CAP in inflammation. Among the three members of the Sorbs family of adapter molecules, which include CAP (Sorbs1), ArgBP2 (Sorbs2), and Vinexin (Sorbs3), CAP consistently down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and myeloid-derived leukocytes, after Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind and Open-Label Studies in the Treatment and Prevention of Acute Diarrhea With SF68.

SF68® (SF68) is a licensed pharmaceutical for treatment and prevention of diarrhea in Austria, Italy and Switzerland. However, as for other probiotics, evidence for its efficacy is based on small to medium-sized studies. Four unpublished studies on the treatment of acute diarrhea and the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea were analyzed: one randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) for treatment ( = 1,143), one open-label study for treatment ( = 5,093), one RCT for prevention ( = 1,397) and one open-label study for prevention ( = 4,340).

Differential effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a long-term retrospective cohort study.

Aims: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become an important therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The effect of diabetes on long-term outcome in these patients is controversial. We assessed the effect of diabetes on long-term outcome in CRT patients and investigated the role of diabetes in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Heart non-specific effector CD4 T cells protect from postinflammatory fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis.

Heart-specific CD4 T cells have been implicated in development and progression of myocarditis in mice and in humans. Here, using mouse models of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) we investigated the role of heart non-specific CD4 T cells in the progression of the disease. Heart non-specific CD4 T cells were obtained from DO11.

Evaluation of Acute Mountain Sickness by Unsedated Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy at High Altitude.

Background & Aims: It is not clear how rapid ascent to a high altitude causes the gastrointestinal symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). We assessed the incidence of endoscopic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract in healthy mountaineers after a rapid ascent to high altitude, their association with symptoms, and their pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: In a prospective study, 25 mountaineers (10 women; mean age, 43.

Regulatory Role of CD4 T Cells in Myocarditis.

Myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure in young patients. Autoreactive, most often, infection-triggered CD4 T cells were confirmed to be critical for myocarditis induction. Due to a defect in clonal deletion of heart-reactive CD4 T cells in the thymus of mice and humans, significant numbers of heart-specific autoreactive CD4 T cells circulate in the blood.

IgM multiple myeloma with an extremely rare non-aggressive presentation: A case report.

In the present study, the case of a 41-year-old man with immunoglobulin (Ig)M multiple myeloma (MM) that presented with an unusually non-aggressive clinical course who has survived for >9 years to date, is presented. Initial diagnosis of symptomatic MM was established according to the International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement and guidelines. Due to the mild symptoms, no therapy was administered and the patient was closely followed up.

CD11c.DTR mice develop a fatal fulminant myocarditis after local or systemic treatment with diphtheria toxin.

To assess the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) during a pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection AMs were depleted by intratracheal application of diphtheria toxin (DTX) to transgenic CD11c.DTR mice prior to fungal infection. Unexpectedly, all CD11c.

Lidocaine Enhances Contractile Function of Ischemic Myocardial Regions in Mouse Model of Sustained Myocardial Ischemia.

Rationale: Perioperative myocardial ischemia is common in high-risk patients. The use of interventional revascularisation or even thrombolysis is limited in this patient subset due to exceedingly high bleeding risks. Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) with lidocaine had been suggested to reduce infarct size and cardiomyocyte cell death in ischemia/reperfusion models.

Transforming growth factor-β-dependent Wnt secretion controls myofibroblast formation and myocardial fibrosis progression in experimental autoimmune myocarditis.

Aims: Myocardial fibrosis critically contributes to cardiac dysfunction in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM). Activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling is a key-step in promoting tissue remodelling and fibrosis in iDCM. Downstream mechanisms controlling these processes, remain elusive.