Quantitative analysis of retinal microvascular changes in prediabetic and diabetic patients.

Purpose: To evaluate and correlate retinal microvascular changes in prediabetic and diabetic patients with functional and systemic parameters.

Methods: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed on all subjects after medical evaluation and laboratory investigations for blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and others. Automated quantification of vascular indices of the superficial plexus were analyzed.

Modulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators by γ-linolenic acid: an important element in radioprotection against ionizing radiation.

Introduction: The current study explored the radio-protective property of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in C57BL/6J mice against low linear energy transfer ionizing radiation (IR; X-rays) and its modulatory effect on the production of lipid mediators such as prostaglandin E (PGE2), leukotriene E and lipoxin A (LXA4) in mice plasma.

Methods: The effect of GLA pre-treatment on radiation induced inflammation was assessed by estimating plasma levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), TMOP/NO and various anti-oxidant enzymes.

Results: γ-linolenic acid pre-treated mice exposed to lethal IR dose (7.

Early structural and functional neurovascular changes in the retina in the prediabetic stage.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the neurovascular changes in the retina of prediabetic subjects.

Methods: Subjects enroled in a prospective study were separated into prediabetic and normal control groups based on their glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels, fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels and glucose tolerance test. All the subjects underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluation, which included fundus examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG).

Interchangeability of retinal perfusion indices in different-sized angiocubes: An optical coherence tomography angiography study in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in vascular indices in different scan sizes of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images in normal persons versus persons with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: OCTA scans of diabetic patients and age-matched controls were performed by a single operator. Automated quantification of vascular indices of the superficial plexus was analyzed in two angiocubes of 3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm, respectively.

Bioactive lipids as modulators of immune check point inhibitors.

It is proposed that arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in combination with immune check point inhibitors and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) enhances the activity of T and NK cells and macrophages and thus, aids in the elimination of tumor cells and suppresses inflammatory side effects due to immune check point inhibitors.

Vitamin C for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension.

It is suggested that supplementation of vitamin C reduces hyperglycemia and lowers blood pressure in hypertensives by enhacing the formation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGI2 (prostacyclin), endothelial nitric oxide (eNO), and restore essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism to normal and enhance the formation of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilator and antioxidant. These actions are in addition to the ability of vitamin C to function as an antioxidant. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that PGE1, PGI2 and NO have cytoprotective and genoprotective actions and thus, protect pancreatic β and vascular endotheilial cells from the cytotoxic actions of endogenous and exogenous toxins.

Beneficial role of bioactive lipids in the pathobiology, prevention, and management of HBV, HCV and alcoholic hepatitis, NAFLD, and liver cirrhosis: A review.

It has been suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatic damage and cirrhosis and associated hypoalbuminemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) are due to an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids. Increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production induced by HBV and HCV leads to a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency and hypoalbuminemia. Albumin mobilizes PUFAs from the liver and other tissues and thus may aid in enhancing the formation of anti-inflammatory lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory PGE2.