Imaging lung tumor motion using integrated-mode proton radiography-A phantom study towards tumor tracking in proton radiotherapy.

Background: Motion of lung tumors during radiotherapy leads to decreased accuracy of the delivered dose distribution. This is especially true for proton radiotherapy due to the finite range of the proton beam. Methods for mitigating motion rely on knowing the position of the tumor during treatment.

The ESCAPE Open-source Software and Service Repository.

Purpose: The purpose of the ESCAPE Open-source Software and Service Repository (OSSR) is to provide a central location for the dissemination and use of trusted open-source software in the fields of astronomy, astroparticle physics, and particle physics. The repository allows users to easily access and download tools and services developed within the community, and to contribute their own tools and services.

Methods: The ESCAPE project has set up a curated repository of software that provides tools and an environment to make it easy for users to find and download the software and services that they need.

TRAX-CHEMxt: Towards the Homogeneous Chemical Stage of Radiation Damage.

The indirect effect of radiation plays an important role in radio-induced biological damages. Monte Carlo codes have been widely used in recent years to study the chemical evolution of particle tracks. However, due to the large computational efforts required, their applicability is typically limited to simulations in pure water targets and to temporal scales up to the µs.

A likelihood-based particle imaging filter using prior information.

Background: Particle imaging can increase precision in proton and ion therapy. Interactions with nuclei in the imaged object increase image noise and reduce image quality, especially for multinucleon ions that can fragment, such as helium.

Purpose: This work proposes a particle imaging filter, referred to as the Prior Filter, based on using prior information in the form of an estimated relative stopping power (RSP) map and the principles of electromagnetic interaction, to identify particles that have undergone nuclear interaction.

Proton-Gated Rectification Regimes in Nanofluidic Diodes Switched by Chemical Effectors.

During the last decade, nanofluidic devices based on solid-state nanopores and nanochannels have come into scene in materials science and will not leave anytime soon. One of the main reasons for this is the excellent control over ionic transport exerted by such devices that promises further important advances when integrated into more complex molecular devices. As a result, pH, temperature, and voltage-regulated devices have been obtained.

Fabrication of nanoporous graphene/polymer composite membranes.

Graphene is currently investigated as a promising membrane material in which selective pores can be created depending on the requirements of the application. However, to handle large-area nanoporous graphene a stable support material is needed. Here, we report on composite membranes consisting of large-area single layer nanoporous graphene supported by a porous polymer.

Influence of surface states and size effects on the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistance of BiSb nanowire arrays.

The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistance of BiSb nanowire arrays electrodeposited in etched ion-track membranes have been investigated as a function of wire diameter (40-750 nm) and composition (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The experimental data reveal a non-monotonic dependence between thermopower and wire diameter for three different compositions. Thus, the thermopower values decrease with decreasing wire diameter, exhibiting a minimum around ∼60 nm.

Measurement of Singly Cabibbo Suppressed Decays Λ_{c}^{+}→pπ^{+}π^{-} and Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{+}K^{-}.

Using 567  pb^{-1} of data collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=4.599  GeV, near the Λ_{c}^{+}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-} threshold, we study the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays Λ_{c}^{+}→pπ^{+}π^{-} and Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{+}K^{-}. By normalizing with respect to the Cabibbo-favored decay Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+}, we obtain ratios of branching fractions: [B(Λ_{c}^{+}→pπ^{+}π^{-})/B(Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+})]=(6.

Prediction methods for synchronization of scanned ion beam tracking.

Beam tracking as a mitigation technique for treatment of intra-fractionally moving organs requires prediction to overcome latencies in the adaptation process. We implemented and experimentally tested a prediction method for scanned carbon beam tracking. Beam tracking parameters, i.

Ion-optical studies for a range adaptation method in ion beam therapy using a static wedge degrader combined with magnetic beam deflection.

Fast radiological range adaptation of the ion beam is essential when target motion is mitigated by beam tracking using scanned ion beams for dose delivery. Electromagnetically controlled deflection of a well-focused ion beam on a small static wedge degrader positioned between two dipole magnets, inside the beam delivery system, has been considered as a fast range adaptation method. The principle of the range adaptation method was tested in experiments and Monte Carlo simulations for the therapy beam line at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ions Research.

Speed and accuracy of a beam tracking system for treatment of moving targets with scanned ion beams.

The technical performance of an integrated three-dimensional carbon ion pencil beam tracking system that was developed at GSI was investigated in phantom studies. Aim of the beam tracking system is to accurately treat tumours that are subject to respiratory motion with scanned ion beams. The current system provides real-time control of ion pencil beams to track a moving target laterally using the scanning magnets and longitudinally with a dedicated range shifter.

High-accuracy mass spectrometry for fundamental studies.

Mass spectrometry for fundamental studies in metrology and atomic, nuclear and particle physics requires extreme sensitivity and efficiency as well as ultimate resolving power and accuracy. An overview will be given on the global status of high-accuracy mass spectrometry for fundamental physics and metrology. Three quite different examples of modern mass spectrometric experiments in physics are presented: (i) the retardation spectrometer KATRIN at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, employing electrostatic filtering in combination with magnetic-adiabatic collimation-the biggest mass spectrometer for determining the smallest mass, i.