Imaging lung tumor motion using integrated-mode proton radiography-A phantom study towards tumor tracking in proton radiotherapy.

Background: Motion of lung tumors during radiotherapy leads to decreased accuracy of the delivered dose distribution. This is especially true for proton radiotherapy due to the finite range of the proton beam. Methods for mitigating motion rely on knowing the position of the tumor during treatment.

Unlocking Nanoprecipitation: A Pathway to High Reversibility in Nanofluidic Memristors.

Solid-state nanochannels have emerged as a promising platform for the development of ionic circuit components with analog properties to their traditional electronic counterparts. In the last years, nanofluidic devices with memristive properties have attracted special interest due to their applicability in, for example, the construction of brain-like computing systems. In this work, an asymmetric track-etched nanofluidic channel with memory-enhanced ion transport is reported.

Mechanistic Sequence of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Radiation Treatment: An Overview.

Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in haematological malignancies such as leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma, with disappointing results in solid tumours when used as monotherapy. As a result, combination therapies either with radiation or other deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging agents have been suggested as ideal strategy to improve their efficacy in solid tumours. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that HDACis can sensitise malignant cells to both electromagnetic and particle types of radiation by inhibiting DNA damage repair.

Two-Pole Nature of the Λ(1405) Resonance from Lattice QCD.

This Letter presents the first lattice QCD computation of the coupled channel πΣ-K[over ¯]N scattering amplitudes at energies near 1405 MeV. These amplitudes contain the resonance Λ(1405) with strangeness S=-1 and isospin, spin, and parity quantum numbers I(J^{P})=0(1/2^{-}). However, whether there is a single resonance or two nearby resonance poles in this region is controversial theoretically and experimentally.

The ESCAPE Open-source Software and Service Repository.

Purpose: The purpose of the ESCAPE Open-source Software and Service Repository (OSSR) is to provide a central location for the dissemination and use of trusted open-source software in the fields of astronomy, astroparticle physics, and particle physics. The repository allows users to easily access and download tools and services developed within the community, and to contribute their own tools and services.

Methods: The ESCAPE project has set up a curated repository of software that provides tools and an environment to make it easy for users to find and download the software and services that they need.

TRAX-CHEMxt: Towards the Homogeneous Chemical Stage of Radiation Damage.

The indirect effect of radiation plays an important role in radio-induced biological damages. Monte Carlo codes have been widely used in recent years to study the chemical evolution of particle tracks. However, due to the large computational efforts required, their applicability is typically limited to simulations in pure water targets and to temporal scales up to the µs.

A likelihood-based particle imaging filter using prior information.

Background: Particle imaging can increase precision in proton and ion therapy. Interactions with nuclei in the imaged object increase image noise and reduce image quality, especially for multinucleon ions that can fragment, such as helium.

Purpose: This work proposes a particle imaging filter, referred to as the Prior Filter, based on using prior information in the form of an estimated relative stopping power (RSP) map and the principles of electromagnetic interaction, to identify particles that have undergone nuclear interaction.

A matter of space: how the spatial heterogeneity in energy deposition determines the biological outcome of radiation exposure.

The outcome of the exposure of living organisms to ionizing radiation is determined by the distribution of the associated energy deposition at different spatial scales. Radiation proceeds through ionizations and excitations of hit molecules with an ~ nm spacing. Approaches such as nanodosimetry/microdosimetry and Monte Carlo track-structure simulations have been successfully adopted to investigate radiation quality effects: they allow to explore correlations between the spatial clustering of such energy depositions at the scales of DNA or chromosome domains and their biological consequences at the cellular level.

Modeling secondary cancer risk ratios for proton versus carbon ion beam therapy: A comparative study based on the local effect model.

Background: Ion beam therapy allows for substantial sparing of normal tissues. Besides deterministic normal-tissue complications, stochastic long-term effects like secondary cancer (SC) induction are of importance when comparing different treatment modalities.

Purpose: To develop a modeling approach for comparison of SC risk in proton and carbon ion therapy.

Simplified State Interaction for Matrix Product State Wave Functions.

We present an approximation to the state-interaction approach for matrix product state (MPS) wave functions (MPSSI) in a nonorthogonal molecular orbital basis, first presented by Knecht et al. [ , 5881], that allows for a significant reduction of the computational cost without significantly compromising its accuracy. The approximation is well-suited if the molecular orbital basis is close to orthogonality, and its reliability may be estimated a priori with a single numerical parameter.

Analysis of laser-proton acceleration experiments for development of empirical scaling laws.

Numerous experiments on laser-driven proton acceleration in the MeV range have been performed with a large variety of laser parameters since its discovery around the year 2000. Both experiments and simulations have revealed that protons are accelerated up to a maximum cut-off energy during this process. Several attempts have been made to find a universal model for laser proton acceleration in the target normal sheath acceleration regime.

Alpha-Particle Exposure Induces Mainly Unstable Complex Chromosome Aberrations which do not Contribute to Radiation-Associated Cytogenetic Risk.

The mechanism underlying the carcinogenic potential of α radiation is not fully understood, considering that cell inactivation (e.g., mitotic cell death) as a main consequence of exposure efficiently counteracts the spreading of heritable DNA damage.

Probing thoracic dose patterns associated to pericardial effusion and mortality in patients treated with photons and protons for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: To investigate thoracic dose-response patterns for pericardial effusion (PCE) and mortality in patients treated for locally advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) by Intensity Modulated RT (IMRT) or Passive-Scattering Proton Therapy (PSPT).

Methods: Among 178 patients, 43.5% developed grade ≥ 2 PCE.

Laser spectroscopy of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] transitions in stored and cooled relativistic C[Formula: see text] ions.

The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] transitions in Li-like carbon ions stored and cooled at a velocity of [Formula: see text] in the experimental storage ring (ESR) at the GSI Helmholtz Centre in Darmstadt have been investigated in a laser spectroscopy experiment. Resonance wavelengths were obtained using a new continuous-wave UV laser system and a novel extreme UV (XUV) detection system to detect forward emitted fluorescence photons. The results obtained for the two transitions are compared to existing experimental and theoretical data.

Modeling Radiation-Induced Neoplastic Cell Transformation In Vitro and Tumor Induction In Vivo with the Local Effect Model.

Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage to cycling cells which, if left unrepaired or misrepaired, can cause cell inactivation or heritable, viable mutations. The latter can lead to cell transformation, which is thought to be an initial step of cancer formation. Consequently, the study of radiation-induced cell transformation promises to offer insights into the general properties of radiation carcinogenesis.

NTCP Models for Severe Radiation Induced Dermatitis After IMRT or Proton Therapy for Thoracic Cancer Patients.

Radiation therapy (RT) of thoracic cancers may cause severe radiation dermatitis (RD), which impacts on the quality of a patient's life. Aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of acute RD and develop normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for severe RD in thoracic cancer patients treated with Intensity-Modulated RT (IMRT) or Passive Scattering Proton Therapy (PSPT). We analyzed 166 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients prospectively treated at a single institution with IMRT (103 patients) or PSPT (63 patients).

Annealing of ion tracks in apatite under pressure characterized in situ by small angle x-ray scattering.

Fission track thermochronology is routinely used to investigate the thermal history of sedimentary basins, as well as tectonic uplift and denudation rates. While the effect of temperature on fission track annealing has been studied extensively to calibrate the application of the technique, the effect of pressure during annealing is generally considered to be negligible. However, a previous study suggested elevated pressure results in a significantly different annealing behaviour that was previously unknown.

Tuning the Size and Shape of NanoMOFs via Templated Electrodeposition and Subsequent Electrochemical Oxidation.

The control over the size and shape of nanoMOFs is essential for their exploitation in integrated devices such as sensors, membranes for gas separation, photoelectrodes, etc. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of nanowires and three-dimensionally interconnected nanowire networks of Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by a combination of ion-track technology and electrochemical methods. In particular, Cu nanowires and nanowire networks were electrodeposited inside polymeric etched ion-track membranes and subsequently converted by electrochemical oxidation into different Cu-based MOFs such as the well-known Cu(BTC) (also known as HKUST-1) and the lesser-known MOF Cu(INA).

Experimental Assessment of Lithium Hydride's Space Radiation Shielding Performance and Monte Carlo Benchmarking.

The harmful effects of space radiation pose a serious health risk to astronauts participating in future long-term missions. Such radiation effects must be considered in the design phase of space vessels as well as in mission planning. Crew radioprotection during long periods in deep space (e.

ZnO Nanowire Networks as Photoanode Model Systems for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

In this work, the fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire networks is presented. By combining ion-track technology, electrochemical deposition, and atomic layer deposition, hierarchical and self-supporting three-dimensional (3D) networks of pure ZnO- and TiO₂-coated ZnO nanowires were synthesized. Analysis by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a highly crystalline structure of the electrodeposited ZnO wires and the anatase phase of the TiO₂ coating.

Significance of intra-fractional motion for pancreatic patients treated with charged particles.

Background: Uncertainties associated with the delivery of treatment to moving organs might compromise the accuracy of treatment. This study explores the impact of intra-fractional anatomical changes in pancreatic patients treated with charged particles delivered using a scanning beam. The aim of this paper is to define the potential source of uncertainties, quantify their effect, and to define clinically feasible strategies to reduce them.