Cost-effectiveness of proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients: Exploring the model-based approach.

Introduction: Proton radiotherapy (PT) is a promising but more expensive strategy than photon radiotherapy (XRT) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PT is probably not cost-effective for all patients. Therefore, patients can be selected using normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models with predefined criteria.

Current applications of deep-learning in neuro-oncological MRI.

Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides an essential contribution in the screening, detection, diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up in patients with a neurological neoplasm. Deep learning (DL), a subdomain of artificial intelligence has the potential to enhance the characterization, processing and interpretation of MRI images. The aim of this review paper is to give an overview of the current state-of-art usage of DL in MRI for neuro-oncology.

Regional lung avoidance by CT numbers to reduce radiation-induced lung damage risk in non-small-cell lung cancer: a simulation study.

Selective avoidance aims at sparing functional lung regions. Here, we preferentially direct radiation to irreversibly nonfunctional lung areas based on planning CT imaging to reduce functional lung damage. For 12 stage I-IV NSCLC patients, 5 lung substructures were segmented on the planning CT, combining voxels <-900HU, -900HU to -801HU, -800HU to -701HU, -700HU to -601HU and ≥-600HU (Level 1 to 5).

Radiation-Induced Lung Density Changes on CT Scan for NSCLC: No Impact of Dose-Escalation Level or Volume.

Purpose: Dose-escalation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the positron emission tomography (PET)-boost trial (NCT01024829) exposes portions of normal lung tissue to high radiation doses. The relationship between lung parenchyma dose and density changes on computed tomography (CT) was analyzed.

Materials And Methods: The CT scans of 59 patients with stage IB to III NSCLC, randomized between a boost to the whole primary tumor and an integrated boost to its 50% SUVmax (maximum standardized uptake value) volume.

Prognostic Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Tumor Cell Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. A number of studies have evaluated the correlation between HIF-2α overexpression and clinical outcome in cancer patients but yielded inconsistent results. To comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the capability of HIF-2α to predict the prognosis of cancer patients with solid tumors, a meta-analysis was carried out.

Treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma by topical photodynamic therapy with fractionated 5-aminolaevulinic acid 20% vs. two-stage topical methyl aminolaevulinate: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer and incidence rates are increasing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a frequently used treatment, especially for superficial BCC (sBCC). Two topical photosensitizing agents are currently used to treat sBCC, namely 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and its ester, methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL).

Topical Sinecatechins, 10%, Ointment for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial compares topical sinecatechins ointment, 10%, vs placebo in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma.

Two-fold illumination in topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC): A retrospective case series and cohort study.

Background: There is limited literature on efficacy using a 2-fold illumination scheme in aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy for superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC).

Objectives: We sought to determine the efficacy of ALA photodynamic therapy for sBCC using a 2-fold illumination scheme after a single ALA application. Treatment failure within 12 months posttreatment was assessed.

Endosomal sorting of Notch receptors through COMMD9-dependent pathways modulates Notch signaling.

Notch family members are transmembrane receptors that mediate essential developmental programs. Upon ligand binding, a proteolytic event releases the intracellular domain of Notch, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. In addition, Notch trafficking across the endolysosomal system is critical in its regulation.

Notch: architect, landscaper, and guardian of the intestine.

In the past decade, enormous progress has been made in understanding the role of stem cells in physiologic tissue renewal and in pathologic processes such as cancer. These findings have shed light on the identity and biological properties of such cells and the intrinsic and extrinsic signals that balance stem cell self-renewal with differentiation. With its astonishing self-renewal capacity, the intestinal epithelium has provided a unique model to study stem cell biology, lineage specification, and cancer.